Current agricultural practices are regarded as one of the most significant drivers of biodiversity loss. At the same time, the goal achieving global food security remains a long way off; indeed, the number of malnourished has recently risen to over 1 billion people. The world desperately needs an agricultural production system that is both sustainable and contributes to achieving food security. Agricultural biodiversity will play a central role in achieving these twin objectives. By conserving and harnessing agricultural biodiversity, food and agriculture production can contribute to sustaining healthy biodiverse ecosystems. By recognizing and value of agricultural biodiversity, agriculture can deliver more benefits to the communties that manage this biodiversity. In addition, as the world copes with the challenge of adapting to climate change, agricultural biodiversity becomes an especially critical resource. For these reasons UNEP and GEF consider agricultural biodiversity to be a transformative force. This booklet describes the different agricultural biodiversity projects UNEP has undertaken as the GEF implementing agency, summarizes their achievements, considers some of the most important lessons that have been learned and offers insights into possible avenues for future activities