This work aims to address the relationship between consumption, production and food policy based on Brazil’s School Feeding Program (SFP), seeking to understand how the consolidation of different systems of food production and consumption occurs. Thus, it aims to show how this program has been used in Brazil concerning the purchase of food for school meals from family farmers, the difficulties and barriers that have been faced, the ways that have been found to overcome problems and the effects and contributions of the execution of this practice. The research that led to the case study used qualitative techniques of data collection and analysis and secondary data information. It is verified that, in view of Brazil’s complex food and nutrition scenario, the State created in the last decade policies that support the relationship between consumers and producers at the local level. However, similarly to what happens in the SFP, due to the contradictory rules of bidding procedures for public purchases and because of the legal and sanitary requirements for the formalization of these small farmers, these proposals are still far from being fulfilled. Examples of municipalities described in the paper demonstrate the importance of local cohesion and social interaction for the successful functioning of these policies. The observed results are: a change in the level of consumption as regards students’ acceptance of healthier and more appropriate food, a revitalization with new market perspectives for family farming, and the fostering of production practices considered less harmful to the environment.