In Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Brazil and Honduras, the tomato borer, Neoleucinodes elegantalis, is the most important fruit-related plague of the Solanaceae family.  A suitable molecular characterization using a DNA barcoding system is necessary to clarify different issues inside the taxonomy of Neoleucinodes genus. Additionally, other DNA  sequences used for molecular identification and phylogenetics studies, can be implemented to obtain a better understanding of the genetic variability across different animal groups and allows to acquire a enhanced description of the populations genetic variation. The main objectives of this study are: 1. Evaluate the performance of DNA barcoding sequences (COI gen and 18S rDNA gene), in the genetic characterization of populations of N. elegantalis, collected in different wild and cultivated solanaceous plants in Colombia and Ecuador. 2. Determination of possible haplotypes related with each population belonging to this species. 3.Identification of geographical patterns associated with the distribution of this insect.