The article highlights how women across Latin America are playing pivotal roles in preserving agricultural heritage and biodiversity within the framework of the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS). In Brazil, Ecuador and Peru, women lead efforts to sustain traditional agro-ecological systems, protect native seeds and crops, add value to local products and drive community resilience. For example, in Brazil a woman from the Quilombo Raíz community gathers “semprevivas” flowers and supports local handicraft markets; in Peru a woman leads the recovery of more than 50 varieties of native seeds at over 4,800 m altitude; and in Ecuador a woman manages cacao production under an ancestral “Amazonian chakra” agro-forest system, enabling added-value chocolate production. These cases underline how women are central not only to conserving ecosystems and food heritage, but also generating livelihoods, strengthening local economies, and enhancing adaptation to climate change. The article makes the case that recognizing, empowering and supporting women in these roles is key for sustainable agriculture, food security and cultural-heritage conservation.