The pressure on biodiversity continues to increase. Habitat loss and degradation from agriculture and infrastructure development, overexploitation, pollution and invasive alien species remain the predominant threats. Climate change is increasing in importance and will have profound impacts, particularly in combination with other threats. Greater integration of policies and institutional responses, including effective engagement of local communities, is required to stop and reverse current trends. The world lost over 100 million hectares of forest from 2000 to 2005, and has lost 20 per cent of its seagrass and mangrove habitats since 1970 and 1980 respectively. In some regions, 95 per cent of wetlands have been lost. The condition of coral reefs globally has declined by 38 per cent since 1980. Two-thirds of the world’s largest rivers are now moderately to severely fragmented by dams and reservoirs.