The evidence presented in this report shows that many of the most effective climate change interventions have their roots in agriculture. Targeted agricultural investment in spreading the technologies and practices described here, and backed up by robust policies, can reduce the vulnerability of farming communities to drought and climate change and sustainably improve agricultural productivity. Against a backdrop of increasing climate change, a primary challenge for decision makers in the world’s dry lands will be helping rural communities to earn a living and produce food securely in a situation where land is degraded, water scarce, and rainfall and temperature patterns increasingly unpredictable.