Table 2. Summary of dietary nutrient requirement and utilization of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar
(requirement expressed for dry feed except otherwise where mentioned)
Nutrients		Life stage/size class
		Fry	Fingerling	Juvenile	Grower	Marine grower	Broodstock
Crude protein, % min		50	45�50	45	42�45	40�45	45
Amino acids, % min of dietary protein
	Arginine	2	2	2	1.6	1.6	1.6
	Histidine	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.7
	Isoleucine	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8
	Leucine	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4
	Lysine	2	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8
	Methionine	1.1	1	1	1	1	1
	Phenylalanine	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2
	Threonine	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8
	Tryptophan	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
	Valine	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3
Crude lipid, % min		16�18	20	20	20�24	24�30	24
Essential fatty acids, % min
	18:2n-6
	20:4n-6
	18:3n-3
	20:5n-3	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
	22:6n-3	0.5�1.0	0.5�1.0	0.5�1.0	0.5�1.0	0.5�1.0	0.5�1.0
Carbohydrate, % max		10	10	12	12	12	12
Crude fibre, % max		2	3	3	3	3	3
Digestible energy, min kJ/g		19	19	19	20	20	19
Protein to energy ratio, mg/kJ		23�24	22�23	21�22	20�21	17�18	18
Minerals
Macroelements (%)
	Phosphorus, min	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6
	Magnesium, min	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05		0.05
	Sodium, min	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06		0.06
	Potassium	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7
Microelements, min mg/kg dry diet
	Iron	60	60	60	60	60	60
	Copper	3	3	3	3	3	3
	Manganese	15	15	15	15	15	20
	Zinc	50	50	50	50	50	50
	Cobalt
	Selenium	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
	Iodine	1	1	1	2		2
Vitamins, min IU/kg
	Vitamin A	2 500	2 500	2 500	2 500	2 500	2 500
	Vitamin D	2 400	24 00	2 400	2 000	2 000	2 000
Vitamins, min mg/kg
	Vitamin E	50�100	50�100	50�100	50�100	100	100
	Vitamin K	1	1	1	1	1	1
	Thiamine	10	10	10	10	10	10
	Riboflavin	5	5	5	5	5	5
	Pyridoxine	8	8	8	6	6	8
	Pantothenic acid	20	20	20	20	20	20
	Niacin	10	10	10	10	10	10
	Folic acid	2	2	2	2	2	3
	Vitamin B12	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02
	Choline	800	800	1000	1000	1000	1000
	Inositol	300	300	300	300	300	300
	Biotin	0.15	0.15	0.15	0.15	0.15	0.15
	Ascorbic acid	50	50	50	50	50	50
Requirements measured in juvenile fish. Values for other life-history stages are estimates.
Source: NRC (1993); Kaushik, Gouillou-Coustans & Cho (1998); Lall & Anderson (2005); Lall (2008).