Table 13. List of commonly use binders, attractants and preservatives used in experimental catla feeds
Common name	Chemical formula/composition	Brand name	% inclusion
			Min	Max
Binder
Maize gluten
Wheat gluten
Wheat flour
Alpha-starch
CMC
Tapioca�
Guar gum
Locust bean gum
Stimulants	Fishmeal, Amino acids like Arginine, Alanine
	Cystine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine�
	Methionine, Lysine	DL-Methionine		1.920 g/kg
	Phenylalamine, Proline, Serine, Theonine	L-Lysine Mono Hydrochliride		4.4 g/kg
	Trytophan, Tyrosine, Valine�	L-tryptophan, L-valine
	Seeds of Trigonella and Murraya
Attractants	Betaine, glycine, inosine
Preservatives	NaCl, common salt
Growth hormone	Thyroxine	Eltroxine-100	0.025 mg/l	0.075 mg/l
Immunostimulants	Plant extract, Achyranthus aspera			0.5
Data source: Sawant and Belsare (1994); Singh et al. (2004); Rao and Chakrabarti (2005); ICAR (2006)