| Table 18. Dietary nutritional deficiency, vitamins | |
| Vitamins | Deficiency signs/ syndrome |
| Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) | Fin congestion/haemorrhage, nervousness, fading of body colour, anorexia, poor growth |
| Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) | Anorexia, poor growth, high mortality rate, haemorrhage of skin and fins, nervousness |
| Vitamin B3 (Niacin/nicotinic acid) | Skin haemorrage, high mortality |
| Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic acid) | Skin haemorrhage, high mortality |
| Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) | Anorexia, poor growth,nervous disorders |
| Vitamin B7 (Biotin) | Reduced growth, reduced activity |
| Vitamin B9 (Folic acid) | Reduced growth and haematocrit in rohu |
| Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin) | Reduced growth, low haematocrit, megaloblastic anaemia in rohu |
| Choline | Reduced growth, fatty liver |
| Inositol | Reduced growth, skin and fin lesions, loss of skin mucosa |
| Ascorbic acid | Scoliosis and lordosis reported in catla |
| Vitamin A | Anorexia, faded body colour, fin and skin haemorrhage, exopthalmia, warped gill operculae |
| Vitamin D | |
| Vitamin E | No clinical and subclinical deficiency symptom |
| Vitamin K | Muscular dystrophy, mortality, exopthalmia |
| Vitamin C and A deficiency are from catla, others are of common carp | |
| Data source: Sinha and Sinha (1994); www.fao.org/docrep/R4807E/r4807e01(06).htm | |