Table 2. Summary of dietary nutrient requirement and utilization of European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax (requirement expressed for dry feed except otherwise where mentioned)

Nutrient level		Life stage/size class
Nutrient level		Life stage/size class
		Fry	Fingerling	Juvenile	Grower	Broodstock
Crude protein, % min		50	45�50	45-50	45	45
Crude protein, % min		50	45�50	45-50	45	45
Crude protein, g/kg body weight/day
Crude protein, g/kg body weight/day
DP/DE ratio, mg/kJ		23�24	21�23	21�22	19�21
DP/DE ratio, mg/kJ		23�24	21�23	21�22	19�21
Amino acids, % min of dietary protein
Amino acids, % min of dietary protein
	Arginine		3.9�4.6	4.6	4.6	4.6
	Histidine			1.6	1.6	1.6
	Isoleucine			2.6	2.6	2.6
	Leucine			4.3	4.3	4.3
	Lysine		4.8	4.8	4.8	4.8
	Methionine			2.3	2.3	2.3
	Methionine + Cystine		4
	Phenylalanine			2.6	2.6	2.6
	Threonine		2.6	2.7	2.7	2.7
	Tryptophan		0.5�0.7	0.6	0.6	0.6
	Valine			2.9	2.9	2.9
Crude lipid, % min			15�18
Crude lipid, % min			15�18
Essential fatty acids, % min
Essential fatty acids, % min
	20:5n-3		0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
	22:6n-3	1	0.5�1	0.5�1	0.5�1	0.5�1
Carbohydrate, % max
Carbohydrate, % max
Crude fibre, % max		2	3�4	3�4	3�4	3�4
Crude fibre, % max		2	3�4	3�4	3�4	3�4

Digestible energy, min kJ/g			19	19	19	19
Digestible energy, min kJ/g			19	19	19	19

Protein to energy ratio, mg/kJ			25	25	25	25
Protein to energy ratio, mg/kJ			25	25	25	25
Minerals
Macroelements (%)
Macroelements (%)
	Calcium, max
	Phosphorus, min	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8
	Magnesium, min
	Sodium, min
Vitamins, min IU/kg
Vitamins, min IU/kg
	Vitamin A		2 500
	Vitamin D		2 400
Vitamins, min mg/kg
Vitamins, min mg/kg
	Vitamin E		50
	Vitamin K		10
	Thiamine		1
	Riboflavin		4
	Pyridoxine		3
	Pantothenic acid		20
	Niacin		10
	Folic acid		1
	Vitamin B12		0.01
	Choline		1 000
	Inositol		300
	Biotin		0.15
	Ascorbic acid		50
Source: Kaushik (1998b); Kaushik, Gouillou-Cousans and Cho (1998); Tibaldi and Kaushik (2002)