Table 4. Proximate composition of commonly used feed ingredinets for freshwater prawn. Nutrient contents are given in % as fed basis
Feed ingredients	Moisture�	Crude protein�	Crude fat	Crude fiber�	Ash�	NFE�	Calcium	Phosphorus
Feeds of plant origin
Cassava leaf meal, soaked	3.83	27.56	7.66	11.73	7.4	45.7	-	-
Corn gluten meal	7.1	63.1	7.9	1.9	1.7	25.4	-	-
Cotton seed cake	7	37	6.7	13	1	35.3
Copra seed cake	8.4	20.3	11.4	16.2	6.2	37.5
Groundnut oil cake	10	42	7.3	13	2.5	25.2
Ipil-ipil leaf meal (giant)	10.44	28.69	7.11	8.74	8.06	47.4	-	-
Ipil-ipil leaf meal (local)	11.54	31.07	7.02	7.47	9.48	44.96	0.35	0.07
Mustard cake	9.2	23.6	9.6	6.3	10.4	40.9
Rapeseed cake	11	35.9	0.9	13.2	6.9	32.1
Rice bran	10.1	12.6	11.3	19.3	10.2	36.5
Rice bran (defatted )	7.2	12.1	1.3	15.2	23.8	40.4	0	3.05
Rice polish	10	12.2	16	9	6	46.8
Sesame cake	10	29	12.9	18.3	10	19.8
Soybean meal, full fat	6.31	37.51	20.45	2.27	5.67	31.33	0.25	0.59
Soybean meal (defatted, undehulled, expeller process)	11	42	3.5	6.5	6	31	0.29	0.68
Soybean meal (defatted, dehulled, solvent process)	10.7	48	1	3	6	30.8	0.25	0.65
Soybean meal (defatted, undehulled solvent process)	10.4	44	0.5	7	6	32.1	0.25	0.6
Swamp cabbage leaf meal (Ipomoea aquatica)	5.19	27.24	4.67	12.32	16.88	38.9	-	-
Sweet potato tops	4.83	29.1	4.77	12.05	14.48	39.41	0.12	0.73
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)	4.41	32.5	4.53	11.19	12.89	38.89	-	-
Tapioca flour	11.5	3.1	2.3	2	2.3	78.8
Wheat bran	10	13.5	2.6	12.2	3	58.7
Wheat flour	12.6	14.5	3.7	2.7	2.3	64.2
Wheat gluten	2.27	79.52	1.94	0.4	1.08	16.93	0.3	0.14
Yeast, brewer�s	5.3	48.47	1.25	1.94	9.15	34.35	0.8	1.5
Feeds of animal origin
Blood meal	11	76.7	1.1	1.2	4	5.96	0.28	0.28
Bone meal	8.37	26.03	2.66	2.3	53.05	9.33	19.54	8.32
Clam meal	8.1	50.7	8.9	3.9	6.4	22
Earthworm meal	5	51.7	3.4	12.8	12.5	14.6
Feather meal	10.8	77.92	3.96	0.57	5.41	1.34	-	-
Fish meal, local, mixed species	8.88	52.89	5.78	3.11	21.9	16.32	-	-
Fish meal, white	6.37	68.68	6.78	1.46	20.16	3.73	4.4	3.35
Liver meal	7	65	3.4	1.2	2.4	21
Meat and bone meal	5.36	48.4	9.67	1.78	33.56	7.36	10.23	3.39
Shrimp meal (Acetes sp.)	6.95	67.23	3.71	3.98	8.51	16.72	3.18	1.38
Shrimp head meal (Penaeus monodon)	6	52.97	6.47	14.04	25.84	0.68	-	-
Silkworm pupae	7.1	43.9	25.7	4.2	15.8	3.3
Silkworm pupae (Defatted )	8.1	68	2.6	1.3	7.2	12.8
Squid liver meal	12	43	16.5	-	16	-	-	-
Squid liver paste	30	38	27	-	5	-	-	-
Squid meal	7.34	77.68	5.34	1.98	8.26	7.83	0.36	1.01
Squilla meal	14.1	46	2.6	13.5	18
Data source:  Gerpacio and Castillo (1979); Yamazaki, Lopez and Kaku (1988); Philippine Society of Animal Nutritionists (1990)