| Table 6. Binders, attractants and preservatives for shrimp feeds. | |||||
| Binder | Amount to use % | Nutritive value | Relative cost | Relative effective�ness | Cost relative to wheat gluten3,5 |
| Guar gum | 0.5�16; 1�37 | No | Expensive | Good | |
| Lignon sulfonate | 0.5�17; 23, 0.5�1.251, 2�46 | No | Inexpensive | Poor | 0.06 |
| Carboxymethylcellulose | 2�66 | No | Expensive | Fair | |
| Hemicellulose | 2�36 | No | Moderate | Poor | |
| Bentonite | 2�36,5 | No | Inexpensive | Poor | |
| Alginate | 2�36 | No | Expensive | Good | |
| Agar | 2�36 | No | Expensive | Good | |
| Carrageenan | 0,2�17, 0.53,0.5�16 | No | Expensive | Good | 0.62 |
| Ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer | 246 | No | Expensive | Good | |
| Wheat gluten | 3�77; 13, 3�55,43,3�56 | Yes | Moderate | Good | 1 |
| High gluten wheat flour | 206 | Yes | Moderate | Good | |
| Collagen | 0.5�36 | Yes | Moderate | Good | |
| Processed milo | 3�56 | Yes | Moderate | Fair | 0.21 |
| Cooked starch | > 206 | Yes | Inexpensive | Fair | |
| Various starch sources | > 205 | Yes | Inexpensive | Fair � Good | |
| Urea formaldehyde | 0.3�0.57; 0.5�15, 13 | No | Inexpensive | Very good | 0.28 |
| 2Gelatin�based Pro�Bind Plus | 0.5�12 | Yes | Moderate | Fair | |
| Aquabind: Ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer | 43, 0.3�0.74, 2�45 | No | Expensive | Good | 1.93 |
| PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) | 25 | No | Expensive | Good | |
| Locust bean gum | 0.5�17 | No | |||
| Attractants | |||||
| Crustacean meals (e.g. shrimp waste meal) | 3�59 | Yes | |||
| Krill | 3�5, 58 | Yes | |||
| Fish hydrolysates | 2�59 | Yes | |||
| Fish solubles | 2�59 | Yes | |||
| Squid liver powder | 1�39 | Yes | |||
| Squid liver meal | 1�39 | Yes | |||
| Preservatives | |||||
| Synthetic antioxidants� | No | ||||
| Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) | 0.02% of fats12; 0.05%10,15 | No | |||
| Ethoxyquin | 150 mg/kg12. 0.02%11 | ||||
| Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) | 0.05% (500 mg/kg)15 | ||||
| Mould inhibitors | No | ||||
| Calcium propionate, propionic acid ("Mycocurb") | 0.0614�0.075%13 | ||||
| 1http://www.uniscope�inc.com/product_detail.htm | |||||
| 2De Muylder Hage and van der Velden (2008) | |||||
| 3Dominy and Lim (1991) | |||||
| 4http://www.aqua�in�tech.com/aquabind.htm | |||||
| 5Lim and Cuzon (1994) | |||||
| 6Lovell (1989) | |||||
| 7Hunter and Chamberlain (2006) | |||||
| 8Smith et al. (2005) | |||||
| 9Hunter and Chamberlain (2006) | |||||
| 10Bautista�Teruel and Subosa (1999) | |||||
| 11Smith, Tabrett and Glencross (2007) | |||||
| 12National Research Council (U.S.), & NetLibrary, Inc. (1993) | |||||
| 13FAO (1992) | |||||
| 14Amatikulu Prawns diet, unpublished | |||||
| 15Bautista, Subosa and Lavilla-Pitogo (1992) | |||||