Table 8. Commercial dietary vitamin levels (Fenneropenaeus indicus).
Vitamin	Unit used per kg of feed	Evans (2009)8,10,12	Roto-square Ent. Ltd. (Taiwan)1	Green Label, 2004 (Taiwan)2,11
Thiamine (B1)	mg/kg	20	20	90
Riboflavin (B2)	mg/kg	16	40	75
Pyridoxine (B6)	mg/kg	20	20	75
Pantothenic acid (B5)	mg/kg	30	40	150
Niacin (B3)	mg/kg	26	100	210
Biotin	mg/kg	0.4	0.5	0.3
Inositol	mg/kg	120 9	160	120
Choline chloride	mg/kg	160 9	0	0
Folic acid	mg/kg	4	8	24
Cyanocobalamin (B12)	mg/kg	0.04	0.04	0.045
Ascorbic acid	mg/kg	1 000 (stable form)6,7	60	300
Retinol acetate, Vitamin A4	IU/kg	4 000	5 000	18 000
Vitamin D3 (calciferol)3	IU/kg	1 600	3 000	4 500
Vitamin E5	mg/kg	33.35	140	300
Vitamin K	mg/kg	10	5.4	30
PABA (Para�aminobenzoic acid)	mg/kg	0	10	0
1At 2 kg/tonne inclusion of premix (range advised, 1 to 2.5 g/tonne of feed). (Rotosquare Enterprises Ltd. 2009. S. M. Lu (President). 2F No.11�6, Alley 5, Lane 125, Yang Der Ave. Sec.3 Taipei 11149, Taiwan).
2Feed used in South Africa (2004) and Iran (2004, 2005).
3One mg cholecalciferol equals 40 x 103 I.U. vitamin D3 (Wouters et al., 2001).
4One mg equals 3.3 x 103 I.U. vitamin A (acetate) or 1.6 x 103 I.U. vitamin A palmitate (Wouters et al., 2001).
5One mg equals 1 I.U. vitamin E (acetate).
6L�ascorbyl�2�monophosphate�Mg
7Commercial "Stay C 35%" (see: http://www.dsm.com/en_US/downloads/dnp/51641__aqua.pdf).
8F. indicus was reared successfully for 10 years (1994 to 2004) with these levels at stocking densities of 60/m2 and growth to 22 g.�
9Crude soy lecithin was included at 1.6 % in the diet, supplying inositol and choline (phosphatidyl choline 17.5 %; phosphatidyl inositol 10.0 %) (see: http://www.soyinfocenter.com/HSS/lecithin1.php). �
10This feed was made on site, so unlike commercial brands, was consumed within 4 weeks instead of the advised maximum 3 months after production.
11World Aquamarine Enterprise Co., Ltd.
12This is the diet upon which Sara, Gous and Bureau (2009) and Sara (2007) reported.