Appendix A
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
to
CIFA FIRST SESSION AND RELATED SYMPOSIUM

MEMBERS OF THE COMMITTEE

Arab Republic of Egypt

LATIF, A.F.A.
Director
Project Lake Nasser
Development Centre
P.B. 129
Aswan

Botswana

Burundi (Republic of the)

NGOMIRAKIZA, M.
Directeur du Département des Eaux et Forêts
Ministère de l'Agriculture
Bujumbura

Cameroon

Central African Republic

CATCHY-NGAKOUDOU, A.
Ingénieur des techniques forestières
Chef du Service des Eaux, Pêches et Pisciculture
B.P. 830
Bangui

Chad (Republic of)

NICOLAS, Jean Kassir
Secrétaire d'Etat à l'Elevage, Eaux et Forêts, Pêches et Chasses
Ministère de l'Elevage, de la Commercialisation des Produits Animaux, des Eaux, Forêts, Pêches et Chasses
Fort-Lamy

SENOUSSI, Mahamat Abakar
Directeur du Cabinet du Ministre de l'Elevage, Eaux et Forêts, Pêches et Chasses
Ministère de l'Elevage, Eaux et Forêts, Pêches et Chasses
Fort-Lamy

MATTA, Raymond
Chargé de Liaison
Directeur des Eaux et Forêts, Pêches et Chasses
Fort-Lamy

N'GAKOUTOU, Valentin
Directeur du Plan et des Aides Extérieures
Fort-Lamy

TOUADE, Dr.
Directeur du Service de l'Elevage
Fort-Lamy

KORNAYE, Joseph
Chef du Service des Pêches
Direction des Eaux et Forêts, Pêches et Chasses
B.P. 447
Fort-Lamy

SOPENA, J.
Conseiller technique à la Direction des Eaux et Forêts
Fort-Lamy

NAIPADJA, Victor
Chef de l'Inspection des Eaux et Forêts de l'Ouest
Inspection des Eaux et Forêts de l'Ouest
Fort-Lamy

OINATHY, Laurent
Chef de l'Inspection des Eaux et Forêts du Sud-Est
Inspection des Eaux et Forêts du Sud-Est
Sahr

YORANGONE, Thomas
Chef de l'Inspection des Eaux et Forêts de l'Est
Inspection des Eaux et Forêts de l'Est
Abeche

SYAN, Jacques
Chef de l'Inspection des Eaux et Forêts du Sud-Ouest
Inspection des Eaux et Forêts du Sud-Ouest
Moundou

N'GAMADA, François
Ingénieur des Travaux des Eaux et Forêts
Travaux des Eaux et Forêts
Fort-Lamy

NAINGAYE, T.
Chef du Secteur des Eaux et Forêts du Lac
Secteur des Eaux et Forêts du Lac
Bol

LERE, Albert
Ingénieur Agronome
Fort-Lamy

NONGA, Enoch
Ingénieur des Travaux Agricoles
Travaux Agricoles
Fort-Lamy

Congo (People's Republic of)

Dahomey

Ethiopia

MESKA, Fissela Hailé
H.S.I. University
Faculty of Science
P.O. Box 1176
Addis Ababa

TEDLA, Shibru
H.S.I. University
Faculty of Science - Biology
P.O. Box 1176
Addis Ababa

Gabonese Republic

N'DONG, Mathieu
Ingénieur des techniques des Eaux et Forêts
Adjoint au Chef du Service des Pêches, Eaux, Forêts, Chasses, Pisciculture, Industrie du Bois
Ministère des Eaux et Forêts
B.P. 199
Libreville

The Gambia

THOMAS, Alphaeus Olu
Senior Fisheries Officer
Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources
Bathurst

Ghana

DENYOH, F.M.K.
Principal Fisheries Officer
Volta Lake Research Project
P.O. Box 88
Akosombo

Ivory Coast

VIEYRA, Abdou Razacky
Directeur de la Pisciculture et de la Pêche en Eaux Continentales
B.P. 1373
Abidjan

N'GUESSAN, Kouassi
Biologiste des Pêches (Biométrie)
B.P. 1373
Abidjan

Kenya (Republic of)

ODERO, N.
Director of Fisheries
Fisheries Department
Ministry of Tourism and Wildlife
Nairobi

OBURU, A.S.
Fisheries Service
Kisumu

Madagascar

Malawi

STONEMAN, J.
Chief Fisheries Officer
Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources
P.O. Box 303
Zomba

MATHOTHO, A.J.
Fisheries Officer
Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources
P.O. Box 303
Zomba

ECCLES, D.H.
Senior Fisheries Research Officer
Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources
P.O. Box 303
Zomba

Niger (Republic of the)

CHAÏBOU, Saley
Ingénieur des Travaux des Eaux et Forêts
Chef du Service Départemental
Administration des Eaux et Forêts
B.P. 10
Diffa

DJIBO, Maïlafia
Ingénieur des Travaux des Eaux et Forêts
Service des Eaux, Forêts et Chasses
Ministère de l'Economie Rurale
B.P. 246
Niamey

Nigeria

BAYAGBONA, E.O.
Director
Federal Department of Fisheries
Lagos

DADA, B.F.
Principal Fisheries Officer
Western State of Nigeria
Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources
Western State
Ibadan

Senegal

Sierra Leone

Somali (Democratic Republic)

The Sudan

Swaziland

Tanzania

ABIDI, S.A.H.
Acting Director of Fisheries
Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism
P.O.Box 2462
Dar-es-Salaam

MATWANJE, Kadiria
Fisheries Officer (Training)
Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism
P.O.Box 2462
Dar-es-Salaam

Togo

LAWSON, Body Frederic
Adjoint au Chef du Service des Pêches
Service des Pêches
B.P. 105
Lomé

Uganda

SEMAKULA, S.N.
Chief Fisheries Officer
Fisheries Department
P.O. Box 4
Entebbe

Upper Volta

Zaïre (Republic of the)

Zambia (Republic of)

MABAYE, A.B.E.
Central Fisheries Research Institute
P.O. Box 100
Chilanga

OBSERVERS

France

BARD, J.
Directeur Recherches Pêches
Centre Technique Forestier Tropical
45 bis Av. de la Belle-Gabrielle
94 Nogent-sur-Marne

DAGET, Jacques
O.R.S.T.O.M.
rue Bayard
Paris 8è

DURAND, Jean-René
Hydrobiologiste
O.R.S.T.O.M.
B.P. 65
Fort-Lamy
Chad

Mali

KONARE, A.
B.P. 61
Mopti

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

United Nations

BONNEVIE, Finn Resident Representative of the UNDP in Chad

United Nations Development Programme

BONNEVIE, Finn
Resident Representative of the UNDP in Chad

East African Community:

East African Freshwater Fisheries Research Organization (EAFFRO)

OKEDI, J.
Director
East African Freshwater Fisheries Research Organization (EAFFRO)
P.O.Box 343
Jinja
Uganda

KITAKA, G.E.B.
Senior Research Officer
EAFFRO
P.O.Box 343
Jinja

KUDHONGANIA, A.W.
Stock Assessment Biologist
EAFFRO
P.O.Box 343
Jinja

OKORIE, O.O.
Research Scientist (Fisheries)
EAFFRO
P.O.Box 343
Jinja

Lake Chad Basin Commission

ALI-GARAM, André
Chef de Division des Pêches et Forêts
B.P. 727
Fort-Lamy

UNDP Projects

Fishery Survey and Development, Burundi

COULTER, C., Project Manager
NGOMIRAKIZA, M., Co-Manager (see Burundi)
MANN, M., Inland Fisheries Biologist

Survey of the Water Resources of the Chad Basin for Development Purposes, Cameroon, Chad, Niger, Nigeria

STAUCH, A., Fishery Officer

Volta Lake Research, Ghana

JOERIS, L., Project Manager/FAO

Lake Kossou Fishery Development, Ivory Coast

COCHE, A.J., Project Manager
FANNY, A., Co-Manager
N'GUESSAN, Counterpart Biologist (see Ivory Coast)

Fisheries Training, Malawi

MEECHAM, K., Project Manager

Kainji Lake Research, Nigeria

SMART, J.K., Project Manager
SAGUA, V.O., Co-Manager
ITA, E.O., Counterpart Biologist
KARLMAN, S.G., Associate Expert

Central Fisheries Research Institute, Zambia

MACDONALD, A.E., Project Manager
MABAYE, A.B.E., Co-Manager

Lake Victoria Fisheries Research, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania

BUTCHER, D., Project Manager, acting
OKEDI, J., Co-Manager (see EAFFRO)
KITAKA, C., Counterpart Limnologist (EAFFRO)
KUDHONGANIA, G., Counterpart Biologist (EAFFRO)
OKORIE, O., Fishery Biologist (EAFFRO)
ENDERLEIN, Hans Olof, Associate Expert biol.

Lake Nasser Development Centre, Egypt

ENTZ, B., Project Manager
LATIF, A., Co-Manager (see Egypt, Arab Rep.of)

Unité de Développement de l'Elevage, Chad

LEPISSIER, J.H., Project Manager

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION

Secretariat

Appendix B
LIST OF DOCUMENTS

* In English only

Appendix C
ABSTRACTS OF CONTRIBUTIONS

The following are the authors abstracts of contributions presented at the Symposium. Most of these papers will be published separately in the African Journal of Tropical Hydrobiology and Fisheries - Editor J. Okedi, published by East African Literature Bureau (twice yearly), P.O.Box 30022, Nairobi, Kenya.

THE RELEVANCE OF LIMNOLOGICAL INFORMATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT
AND MANAGEMENT OF INLAND FISHERIES

CIFA/72/S.7

by

G.E.B. Kitaka

East African Freshwater Fisheries Research Organization
P.O.Box 343, Jinja, Uganda

Limnology is the study of all events physical, chemical or biological occurring in freshwater bodies. Fishery management may be regarded as the art and science of producing the highest sustainable yield of wild fish of the best quality in the most economic way. Limnological information is basic to the decisions required for such management. The distribution of food organisms may condition the distribution of fishes feeding on them. Decisions regarding introductions of exotic species can be arrived at by the study of the physical and chemical conditions of the donor and recipient water bodies. Limnological factors have also been shown to influence feeding, growth and survival of many fish species. Predictions of production potentials can be arrived at by consideration of lake morphology, geology and chemistry. Stream morphology may similarly be used to predict the biological characteristics of water courses. Recognition of chemical nutrients limiting biological production can serve to guide artificial fertilization.

SOME MAJOR UNSOLVED ASPECTS OF THE DYNAMICS OF AFRICAN FISHERIES AS
RELATED TO QUESTIONS OF RATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT

CIFA/72/S.8

by

O.O. Okorie
East African Freshwater Fisheries Research Organization
P.O.Box 343, Jinja, Uganda

Studies of fish and fisheries in Africa fall into four phases: the period of fisheries expeditions, ecological investigations, the development phase, and the period of mechanized exploitation. There is need to establish the taxonomic status and ecology of the varied components of the potentially important Haplochromis in Lake Victoria. A comprehensive study of their bionomics and life history, population structure, natality, recruitment and mortality coefficients should be undertaken. Emphasis to be laid on the study of the ecology, especially breeding behaviour of the economically important clupeids (Stolothrissa tanganicae and Limnothrissa miodon), in Lake Tanganyika. A comprehensive investigation into the migratory and shoaling behaviour of the Lake Victoria Tilapia to be initiated. Pre-impoundment studies to be undertaken to assess effects of hydroelectric projects on fisheries. Studies on parasites of economically important fishes to be stepped up to assess pathological effects and the biological basis for their control. The role of predators, e.g., Hydrocynus, Lates and Micropterus salmoides in commercial fish populations should be evaluated, and the knowledge gained used to effectively manage the fisheries in favour of the more desirable fish stocks.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ARTISANAL FISHERY IN THE BURUNDI
WATERS OF LAKE TANGANYIKA

CIFA/72/S.9

by

M. Ngomirakiza
Director
Département des Eaux et Forêts, Burundi

and

L. Haling
Projet Pêche, B.P. 1940, Bujumbura, Burundi

A light fishery for “Ndagala” (Stolothrissa tanganicae) has been practised for many years on Lake Tanganyika. Initially this had a low catch rate, but has since been developed by the introduction of an artisanal fishery based on the catamaran. A unit consists of a pair of metal canoes joined together. The fish are attracted by three lights mounted on the structure, and are caught with a pyramid-shaped lift net.

Selected beaches have been reserved for the artisanal fishery and the number of units operating has increased from 12 in 1957 to 538 in 1972. The mean annual catch per unit is 11 000 kg, which is not sufficient for the fishery to be economic. However, prediction of a possible mean catch as high as 40 tons/year encouraged the Burundi Government to launch a project with help from the Freedom From Hunger Campaign. This was designed to develop the fishery by the creation of artisanal fishing centres, and to make available a large number of fully equipped catamarans which could be paid for by a system of hire purchase.

The success of the project has illustrated that the furnishing of adequate equipment can bring about a transformation of the traditional fishery.

THE ROLE OF ECOLOGICAL STUDIES IN THE
RATIONAL MANAGEMENT OF FISH STOCKS

CIFA/72/S.10

by

A.B.E. Mabaye
Central Fisheries Research Institute
Chilanga, Zambia

Studies on the ecology of freshwaters are basic to the rational development and management of their fisheries, and the relationships between different abiotic and biotic components of aquatic ecosystems are discussed in this paper. Examples are given of the ways in which such studies have been used to establish factors that may limit or increase yields from various Zambian waters.

FISHERY RESOURCE ASSESSMENT AND MONITORING IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROL OF FISHERIES IN THE LAKE VOLTA

CIFA/72/S.11

by

C.J. Vanderpuye
Volta Lake Research Project
P.O. Box 1628, Accra, Ghana

Gill netting and rotenoning have been used for assessing and monitoring fish stock abundance in Volta Lake. The Lake and the main gear types used on it have been described. Before a gill-net sampling plan was set up, a preliminary survey was undertaken which largely determined the final form of the plan. An investigation as to whether or not the lake was being overfished concluded that it was being underfished. Commercial and experimental catch data analyses disclosed that the adults of the small species were being little utilized. Commercialized species were also not being harvested according to their apparent proportion in the population. Production is presently fluctuating between approximately 37 000 and 40 000 tonnes. A high correlation between commercial and experimental catch was realized. Developments which have followed the wake of stock assessment and monitoring studies include: introduction of monofilament nylon net, development of a special scoop net to permit mass harvest of clupeids after they have been attracted to light, and the design of a larger canoe which would help to extend the fishery into open water. New regulation and management policies will have to be formulated in the light of new findings before a rational exploitation of all species can be achieved.

FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE LAKE CHAD BASIN COMMISSION

CIFA/72/S.12

by

A. Stauch
P.O.Box 329, Maiduguri, Nigeria

Lake Chad and its basin is an example of an international water body that supports an extensive fishery. Four States, Cameroon, Chad, Niger and Nigeria share the waters of the lake and the adjacent Chari/Logone floodplain is shared between Chad and Cameroon. The four States formed the Lake Chad Basin Commission on 21 May 1964 to coordinate their activities relative to the Lake, and a Fisheries Sub-Commission was created in October 1967.

An FAO project to investigate and develop the fishery potential of the Lake Basin was started in 1968 as part of a project for the more general development of the region. An estimate of 210 000 fishermen, of which only 20 000 fish full time, was made for the area. These operate from primitive papyrus rafts or from newer planked boats, and use a range of traditional gear as well as modern gillnets. About 100 000 tons of fish are caught annually which are prepared either as “salanga” (sun-dried and lightly smoked Alestes and Hydrocynus) or as “banda” (smoked larger fish). “Banda” is mainly sold in Nigeria and “salanga” in Cameroon and Chad.

A regional programme has been proposed to develop the fishery which calls for: the establishment of extension centres around the lake which will introduce modern methods of catching and treatment, the development of a freshfish trade, the installation of a boatyard, common fishery regulations and a unified collection of fishery statistics. This programme will be coordinated by a Fisheries Service of the Lake Chad Basin Commission.

PAST TRENDS AND RECENT RESEARCH ON THE FISHERIES OF LAKE VICTORIA IN
RELATION TO POSSIBLE FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS

CIFA/72/S.13

by

A.W. Kudhongania
East African Freshwater Fisheries Research Organization
P.O.Box 343, Jinja, Uganda

The past trends of the fisheries of Lake Victoria are briefly considered. Recent exploratory bottom trawl data, by EAFFRO and UNDP/LVFRP, have been used to define demersal fish stocks of Lake Victoria in terms of their magnitude, relative abundance and distribution pattern by depth. Existence of disparity between the relative abundance of the various species in their commercial catches and in their present biomass estimates is pointed out and the various aspects associated with the necessary modification of the fishing practices are discussed. Further and continuing research of the bio-socio-economic vectors of the fishery will be necessary in order to generate the rationale of an efficient fishing regime for a rational management strategy and realistic utilization of the fishery resource.

APPROACHES TO THE EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT OF THE FISH
STOCK IN KAINJI LAKE, NIGERIA

CIFA/72/S.14

by

E.O. Ita
Kainji Lake Research Project
P.O.Box 95, New Bussa, Nigeria

Estimates of potential yield for Kainji Lake, and the methods of analysis by earlier workers are discussed. Also summarized is the state of the fishery after impoundment, between 1969 and 1971, based on experimental gillnet catches.

Recent sampling of the young of the year along the littoral margin indicates that most of the commercially important species have spawned successfully in the lake. An intense fishing mortality of juvenile fish, owing to the use of small mesh nets by local fishermen, presents a possible threat to the future establishment of the fish in the lake.

The results of gillnet selection studies based on Holt's (1957) method are given. The data have been extracted from experimental gillnet catches with graded fleets of nets between 1969 and 1971. Recommendations based on the above studies have been made to ensure a successful establishment of the fish species in the lake and an increase in catch-per-unit effort in subsequent years.

EVALUATIONS OF THE PELAGIC RESOURCES IN THE BURUNDI WATERS OF
LAKE TANGANYIKA AND THE EVOLUTION OF THE FISHERIES

CIFA/72/S.15

by

M.J. Mann
Projet Pêche, B.P. 1940, Bujumbura, Burundi

and

M. Ngomirakiza
Director
Département des Eaux et Forêts, Burundi

The important pelagic fishery resources of northern Lake Tanganyika were identified after a preliminary scientific evaluation, and in Burundi, with governmental assistance they were rapidly developed and exploited more intensively until overfishing was thought to have occured. At this point, legal measures were introduced in order to protect the resource by restricting fishing effort and maintaining the total yield near the apparent maximum sustained limit.

Complementary biological research on the fish stocks did not accompany the rapid fishery development and now an intensive stock assessment programme has been launched by the Government and UNDP in order to define more precisely the available fish stocks and to consider, with the cooperation of the neighbouring lacustrine States, suitable ways of ensuring optimum levels of fish harvest from year to year.

THE FISHERIES OF THE RIVER NIGER

CIFA/72/S.16

by

J. Daget
ORSTOM, Paris, France

The fish production of the River Niger can best be estimated from a country by country evaluation of the tonnage exported and that consumed locally. All exported and some locally consumed fish are preserved by smoking or sundrying, a process which entails a loss of weight. Coefficients to correct for this of between 2.6 to 4 have been calculated depending on the type of product. A further loss occurs due to handling and to insect attack, which may account for up to 40 percent of the production.

Taking the above factors into account the productions estimated for the various countries of the Niger River Basin are as follows: Guinea 3 600 t, Mali 90 000 t, Upper Volta and Ivory Coast - negligible, Niger 5 200 t, Dahomey 1 200 t, Nigeria 25 000 t, Cameroon 3 000 t. A total production of 128 000 t is, therefore, obtained for the basin as a whole, excluding the Kainji Reservoir.

At this level of production there have been no intimations of overfishing from any part of the basin, and there is unanimity that fishing could be intensified. On the basis of the estimates of existing production and local estimates of potential production it is possible that up to 200 000 t of fish could be produced annually from the basin as a whole.

A BRIEF REVIEW OF THE FLOODPLAIN FISHERIES OF AFRICA

CIFA/72/S.17

by

R.L. Welcomme
Fishery Resources Division
FAO - Department of Fisheries

Some of the major floodplains of Africa and the changes that occur during their hydrological cycles are described. The ecology of the fishes of the floodplain systems is discussed and the fishery resources of those systems for which there is adequate information are summarized. Also discussed is the exploitation of the floodplain resource for fisheries and for agriculture, together with a consideration of some possible areas of conflict that may arise in the management of this dual resource.

RESOURCE STUDIES IN RELATION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF
AFRICAN INLAND FISHERIES

CIFA/72/S.18

by

J.A. Gulland
FAO - Department of Fisheries

The paper discusses relevance of studies on the resources to the decisions that have been taken for the development of management of African inland fisheries. Particular emphasis is given to outlining the types of advice that can be provided by the biologist, without which the decisions taken can easily be wrong. The primary information concerns the magnitude of the potential yield from the resource, and how it compares with present catches. From this the possibilities for development can be assessed, or the need for management be determined.

Methods of determining the potential, and the data used in their application are briefly reviewed. Because scientific advice on the resources is desirable as early as possible in the development of a fishery, simple but rather rough methods may be equally, if not more, valuable than more precise but more difficult methods.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF FISHING INDUSTRIES IN THE
INLAND WATERS OF AFRICA

CIFA/72/Inf.9

by

Fisheries Industries Division
FAO - Department of Fisheries

Survey work of all kinds is a necessary prelude to the planning and implementation of development programmes in the inland waters of Africa. Such survey work should not become too extended or too refined and, already, many situations exist where emphasis should now be placed on establishing fishery industries which can make significant contributions to the national economies, the importance of which is often overlooked. Fisheries administrations should give increased attention to initiating simple, practical action programmes as the first step to such development. Progress from that point will depend on the degree to which they can develop these into larger scale projects, possibly integrated with other government development programmes, and stimulate the interest of higher government authority in supporting and financing full-scale fisheries development programmes with the assistance of various international and bilateral agencies.

PAPERS ISSUED IN THIS SERIES