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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The authors wish to express their gratitude to all officials of the Directorate General of Fisheries in Jakarta and its Provincial Fisheries Service for all the assistance extended. We thank particularly Messrs. Soewito, Soeyanto Tirtosoehardjo, Ichsan Santika, Mrs. Budiningsih Sunyoto and Mrs. Hartati Suprayitno for the cooperation and coordination of activities; to Mr. Machfudz Djajasamita and staff of Bogor Museum for the help in the identification of shellfish specimen. We also thank for the help extended by the Marine Fisheries Research Institute and the National Institute of Oceanology, FAO/UNDP office in Jakarta and the South China Sea Programme in Manila.

Table 1. Evaluation of surveyed sites for shellfish farming
Surveyed site*Area 10%Ecological factorsAccessibility 10%Market & labor 10%Total 100%
Local stock 10%Current 10%Substratum 10%Depth 10%Exposure to wind 10%Other factors1 10%Pollution free 10%
Tanjung Balai101010101081099995
Ketapang Bay101010101041059987
Pari Island681099710108885
Demak10101010101998784
Jepara8910891998879
Tayu Pati1010109105998787
Rembang99109108998889
Socha101010999848887
Kwanyar8810998998886
Kenjeran1010109106869987
Pasuruan1010109108999993
Probolinggo8810998998987
Labuan Lombok89101010101098891
Bima979101010997888
Sape Bay99101091010107791
Kupang87101069999987
Maros1010101019998885

* Note: Banten Bay and Lokotoi Bay were not evaluated.

1 Other factors include salinity, temperature, pH and turbidity.

Table 2. Production and value1 of shellfish 1973–19782
Name of shellfish197319741975197619771978
TonValueTonValueTonValueTonValueTonValueTonValue
Tiram-cupped oyster1 058132111271 009906171801 27464518623
Simping-scallops808591247481879645340
Remis-clams2932916731 172502 702644 31995
Kerang darah-blood cockles48212604172 3998922 97573631 36054640 9801 074

1 In million Indonesian Rupiahs

2 From Fisheries Statistics of Indonesia, 1978.

Table 3. List of cultivable shellfish collected from surveyed areas
 Banten BayKenjeranPasuruanProbolinggoSocha KwanyanDemakTayuRembangJeparaTan. BalaiTangerangPari IslandLombokBimaSapeKupangMarosLokotoi
Anadara granosa xxxxxxxxx   x    
A. inflata xxxxxxxxx      x 
A. nodifera xxxxxxxxxx    xx 
A. indica         xx       
A. antiquata xxxxxxx          
A. pilula  xx  xx          
A. maculosa           xx xxxx
A. pausigranosa            xx x  
Meretrix lyrata xxxxxxxxx  xx x  
Mytilus viridisxxxxx   xxx       
Musculista senhausia      xx          
Crassostrea cuculata xxxxx  x x xx xx 
Pinctada maxima                 x
P. margaritifera           xx    x
P. martensiix        x    x  x
Pteria penguin           x     x
Placuna placenta xx  x         x  
Polymela coakans             x    
Lucina edentula             x    
Mactra maculata            x     
Soligna madriata             x    
Lutria maxima             x    
Gafrarium gibbia               x  
Tellina sp.  xxxx   x x   x  
Atrina spp. (Pinna)           x  x   
Pecten sp.         x x   x  
Cardium flavum xx        x  x   
Tapes sp. xxxx   x   x x   
Cleone isabellina  x               
Tridacna sp.           x  x   
Fig. 1

Fig. 1 Map of Indonesia showing the locations of sites surveyed

  1. Tanjung Balai, North Sumatra
  2. Banten Bay, West Java
  3. Ketapang Bay, West Java
  4. Pari Island, Jakarta
  5. Demak, Central Java
  6. Jepara, Central Java
  7. Tayu, Pati, Central Java
  8. Rembang, Central Java
  9. Desa Soca, Madurals., East Java
  10. Kwanyar, Madura ls., East Java
  11. Kenjeran, Surabaya, East Java
  12. Pasuruan, East Java
  13. Probolinggo, East Java
  14. Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara
  15. Bima Bay, Sumbawals., West Nusa Tenggara
  16. Sape Bay, Sumbawa ls., West Nusa Tenggara
  17. Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara
  18. Maros, South Sulawesi
  19. Lokotoi, Banggai, Central Sulawesi
Fig. 2

Fig. 2 Tanjung Balai, North Sumatra

Fig. 3

Fig. 3 Banten Bay, West Java

Fig. 4

Fig. 4 Ketapang Bay, West Java

Fig. 5

Fig. 5 Pari Island, Jakarta

Fig. 6

Fig. 6 Demak and Jepara, Central Java

Fig. 7

Fig. 7 Tayu, Pati and Rembang, Central Java

Fig. 8

Fig. 8 Desa Soca and Kwanyar, Bangkalan, Madura Island and Kenjeran, Surabaya, East Java

Fig. 9

Fig. 9 Pasuruan and Probolinggo, East Java

Fig. 10

Fig. 10 Labuan Lombok, Lombok Island West Nusa Tenggara

Fig. 11

Fig. 11 Bima Bay, Sumbawa Island West Nusa Tenggara

Fig. 12

Fig. 12 Sape Bay, Sumbawa Island West Nusa Tenggara

Fig. 13

Fig. 13 Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara

Fig. 14

Fig. 14 Maros, South Sulawesi

Fig. 15

Fig. 15 Lokotoi, Banggai, Central Celebes

Fig. 16

Fig. 16 Spatula - for digging bivalve

Fig. 17

Fig. 17 Hand dredge

Fig. 18

Fig. 18 Rake with collecting bag

Fig. 19

Fig. 19 Dredge - towed by sailboat

Fig. 20

Fig. 20 Wooden skate board

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