#
Global capture production

## Notes on individual countries or areas

ALBANIA | ALGERIA | AMERICAN SAMOA | ANGOLA | ANGUILLA
ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA | ARGENTINA | ARMENIA | AUSTRALIA | AUSTRIA
BAHAMAS | BANGLADESH | BARBADOS | BELIZE | BERMUDA
BONAIRE/S.EUSTATIUS/SABA | BRAZIL | BRITISH INDIAN OCEAN TER | BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS | BULGARIA
CABO VERDE | CAMBODIA | CANADA | CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC | CHANNEL ISLANDS
CHILE | CHINA | CHINA, HONG KONG SAR | CHINA, MACAO SAR | COLOMBIA
COMOROS | COOK ISLANDS | COSTA RICA | CÔTE D'IVOIRE | CROATIA
CUBA | CURAÇAO | CYPRUS | ECUADOR | EGYPT
EL SALVADOR | EQUATORIAL GUINEA | ETHIOPIA | FAROE ISLANDS | FIJI
FRANCE | FRENCH POLYNESIA | FRENCH SOUTHERN TERR | GEORGIA | GERMANY
GHANA | GREECE | GREENLAND | GUADELOUPE | GUAM
GUATEMALA | GUINEA | GUYANA | HONDURAS | INDIA
INDONESIA | IRAN (ISLAMIC REP. OF) | IRELAND | ITALY | JAMAICA
JAPAN | KENYA | KIRIBATI | KOREA, REPUBLIC OF | LATVIA
LIBERIA | LIBYA | LITHUANIA | MADAGASCAR | MALAWI
MALAYSIA | MALDIVES | MALTA | MARSHALL ISLANDS | MARTINIQUE
MAURITANIA | MAURITIUS | MAYOTTE | MEXICO | MICRONESIA, FED.STATES OF
MONTENEGRO | MOROCCO | MOZAMBIQUE | MYANMAR | NAMIBIA
NEPAL | NETHERLANDS | NETHERLANDS ANTILLES | NEW CALEDONIA | NEW ZEALAND
NICARAGUA | NIGER | NIGERIA | NIUE | NORTHERN MARIANA IS.
NORWAY | OMAN | OTHER NEI | PAKISTAN | PALAU
PANAMA | PAPUA NEW GUINEA | PERU | PHILIPPINES | POLAND
PORTUGAL | PUERTO RICO | RÉUNION | RUSSIAN FEDERATION | SAINT HELENA
SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS | SAINT LUCIA | SAINT VINCENT/GRENADINES | SAMOA | SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE
SENEGAL | SERBIA | SEYCHELLES | SIERRA LEONE | SINT MAARTEN
SOLOMON ISLANDS | SOUTH AFRICA | SPAIN | SRI LANKA | ST. PIERRE AND MIQUELON
SURINAME | SWEDEN | TAIWAN PROVINCE OF CHINA | TANZANIA, UNITED REP. OF | THAILAND
TOKELAU | TONGA | TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO | TUNISIA | TURKS AND CAICOS IS.
TUVALU | UGANDA | UKRAINE | UN. SOV. SOC. REP. | UNITED KINGDOM
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA | URUGUAY | US VIRGIN ISLANDS | VANUATU | VENEZUELA, BOLIV REP OF
VIET NAM | YEMEN | ZANZIBAR | ZIMBABWE

#### ALBANIA

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT), the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

#### ALGERIA

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with ICCAT, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

#### AMERICAN SAMOA

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC), the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

#### ANGOLA

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with ICCAT, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

Catch data for the Eastern Central Atlantic area, excluding those for tuna species, are also reviewed and validated with data from the “Estatistícas de Pesca Industrial” published by CIPA (Guinea-Bissau).

#### ANGUILLA

Data for 'Stromboid conchs nei' since 1974 have been converted from dirty meat to live weight equivalents by using the conversion factor ‘.5.3’.

#### ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA

Data for 'Stromboid conchs nei' since 1987 have been converted to live weight equivalents by using the conversion factor ‘6.77’.

#### ARGENTINA

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with ICCAT, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

Catches in the Antarctic region (FAO Major Fishing Areas 48, 58 and 88) are reviewed in collaboration with the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR). Data up to 2011 refer to catches for the CCAMLR fishing season (1 December - 30 November) and are shown under the calendar year in which the split-year ends.

#### ARMENIA

The catch decrease in 2017 is due to the lack of fishing licenses.

#### AUSTRALIA

Up to 2014, data refer to a split-year (1 July – 30 June) shown under the calendar year in which the split-year ends.

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC) and WCPFC, the regional agencies concerned with tuna statistics.

Catch data, excluding those for tuna species, for the South Pacific high seas area are reviewed in collaboration with the South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (SPRFMO).

Catches in the Antarctic region (FAO Major Fishing Areas 48, 58 and 88) are reviewed in collaboration with the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR). Data up to 2011 refer to catches for the CCAMLR fishing season (1 December - 30 November) and are shown under the calendar year in which the split-year ends.

#### AUSTRIA

Data exclude recreational fisheries.

#### BAHAMAS

Data reported as ‘lobster tail’ in 2012 and 2013 have been converted to live weight equivalents by using the conversion factor ‘3’.

Data for 'Stromboid conchs nei' since 1993 have been converted to live weight equivalents by using the conversion factor ‘7.5’.

#### BANGLADESH

Data refer to a split-year (1 July – 30 June) shown under the calendar year in which the split-year ends.

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with IOTC, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

#### BARBADOS

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with ICCAT, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

#### BELIZE

Data reported as “fish fillet”, “lobster tail”, “shrimp tails”, “crab claws”, “sea cucumber” and “conch” have been converted to live weight equivalents by using the conversion factors of ‘2’, ‘2’, ‘2’, ‘4’, ‘3’ and ‘7.1’ respectively.

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with ICCAT, IOTC and WCPFC, the regional agencies concerned with tuna statistics.

Catch data, excluding those for tuna species, for the Eastern Central area are reviewed and validated with data taken from the Las Palmas Survey (LPS), the "Bulletin Statistique" published by IMROP (Mauritania), and the “Estatistícas de Pesca Industrial” published by CIPA (Guinea-Bissau).

Catch data, excluding those for tuna species, for the Southwest Atlantic area are provided by the Fisheries Department, Falkland Islands Government.

Catch data, excluding those for tuna species, for the South Pacific high seas area are reviewed in collaboration with SPRFMO.

#### BERMUDA

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with ICCAT, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

#### BONAIRE/S.EUSTATIUS/SABA

Data for 'Stromboid conchs nei' have been converted from fillet 100 percent clean to live weight equivalents by using the conversion factor ‘13.2’.

#### BRAZIL

Official data have not been reported to FAO since 2014.

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with ICCAT, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

#### BRITISH INDIAN OCEAN TER

Catches reported by foreign flagged vessels (including the United Kingdom from 2019 onwards) have been assigned to the respective flag country.

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with IOTC, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

#### BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS

Include Anegada, Jost Van Dyke, Tortola and Virgin Gorda.

The large increase in capture production since 2001 is due to an improved coverage of the data collection system.

#### BULGARIA

Catch data for the Eastern Central Atlantic area are reviewed and validated with data from the “Estatistícas de Pesca Industrial” published by CIPA (Guinea-Bissau).

Catches in the Antarctic region (FAO Major Fishing Areas 48, 58 and 88) are reviewed in collaboration with the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR). Data up to 2011 refer to catches for the CCAMLR fishing season (1 December - 30 November) and are shown under the calendar year in which the split-year ends.

#### CABO VERDE

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with ICCAT, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

#### CAMBODIA

Due to the introduction of a new methodology to estimate production of semi-commercial and subsistence fisheries, inland water catch statistics since 1999 are not comparable with those of previous years.

Catch data for the Southwest Atlantic area are provided by the Fisheries Department, Falkland Islands Government.

#### CANADA

Official catches from 2018 have been reported to FAO in line with publicly available information released by the Department of Fisheries and Ocean Canada (DFO). As a result, catches previously available by species have been reported in aggregated form (e.g., Flatfishes nei, Pacific salmons nei, Clams, etc., nei).

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with ICCAT and WCPFC, the regional agencies concerned with tuna statistics.

#### CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC

Catches have been estimated by FAO for most years since the early-1990s, with the exception of 2013 when the national authorities reported that total capture production was estimated at around 32 000 tonnes. Since 2013 catches have again been estimated by FAO due to the lack of official information.

#### CHANNEL ISLANDS

The 1970-82 catch data refer to the Bailiwick of Guernsey only. The 1983-2017 catch data include also statistics relating to the Bailiwick of Jersey.

#### CHILE

Catch data for the Southwest Atlantic area are reviewed and validated with data provided by the Fisheries Department, Falkland Islands Government.

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC), the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

Catches in the Antarctic region (FAO Major Fishing Areas 48, 58 and 88) are reviewed in collaboration with the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR). Data up to 2011 refer to catches for the CCAMLR fishing season (1 December - 30 November) and are shown under the calendar year in which the split-year ends.

#### CHINA

For statistical purposes, the data for China do not include Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (Hong Kong SAR), Macao SAR and Taiwan Province of China.

In recent years the catch data for 1997-2005 have been revised, on the basis of official reports by the Chinese authorities of a reduction in fisheries production of around 10 percent in 2006 by the Second National Agriculture Census conducted in 2007. China’s statistics for 1997–2005 were subsequently adjusted downwards, in line with the revised data for 2006.

The Chinese authorities similarly revised catches downwards for the period 2012-2016, based on the results of the Third National Agriculture Census conducted in 2016. For the 2016 reference year, catches were revised at individual species level (with an overall reduction of total capture production of around 10 percent), while catches for 2012-2015 were adjusted down at an aggregated level. Revisions to the catches by species for 2012-2015 were then implemented by FAO.

Following the same rationale, and in consultation with China, FAO subsequently revised its historical statistics for China for the period 2009–2011 to better reflect the overall development of China’s fisheries production and avoid a major break in the overall catch series and trends.

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with ICCAT and IOTC, the regional agencies concerned with tuna statistics.

Catch data, excluding those for tuna species, for the Eastern Central and Southeast Atlantic areas are reviewed and validated with data taken from the Las Palmas Survey (LPS), the "Bulletin Statistique" published by IMROP (Mauritania), and the “Estatistícas de Pesca Industrial” published by CIPA (Guinea-Bissau).

Catch data, excluding those for tuna species, for the Southwest Atlantic area are reviewed and validated with data provided by the Fisheries Department, Falkland Islands Government.

Catch data, excluding those for tuna species, for the South Pacific high seas area are reviewed in collaboration with SPRFMO.

Catches in the Antarctic region (FAO Major Fishing Areas 48, 58 and 88) are reviewed in collaboration with the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR). Data up to 2011 refer to catches for the CCAMLR fishing season (1 December - 30 November) and are shown under the calendar year in which the split-year ends.

Since 1970, data for 'Aquatic plants nei', recorded on a dry-weight basis have been converted to wet-weight equivalents by using the conversion factor ‘10’.

#### CHINA, HONG KONG SAR

Since 1999, only a total of marine capture production has been made available to FAO. Species breakdown is estimated.

#### CHINA, MACAO SAR

Fishery surveys have been suspended in July 1996. Data since 1997 are FAO estimates.

#### COLOMBIA

Due to the introduction of a new data collection system, catch statistics since 2016 are not fully comparable with those of previous years.

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC), the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

Data for 'Stromboid conchs nei' have been converted to live weight equivalents by using the conversion factor ‘7.5’.

#### COMOROS

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with IOTC, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

Catch data for the Eastern Central Atlantic area are reviewed and validated with data taken from the “Estatistícas de Pesca Industrial” published by CIPA (Guinea-Bissau) and the "Bulletin Statistique" published by IMROP (Mauritania).

#### COOK ISLANDS

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with WCPFC, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

#### COSTA RICA

Data for shrimps and 'Stromboid conchs nei' have been converted to live weight equivalents by using the conversion factors ‘2’ and ‘7.5’ respectively.

#### CÔTE D'IVOIRE

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with ICCAT, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

#### CROATIA

Catches in inland waters decreased between 1998 and 2008 as statistics on recreational fishery were not collected in those years.

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with ICCAT, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

#### CUBA

Catch data, excluding those for tuna species, for the South Pacific high seas area are reviewed in collaboration with SPRFMO.

#### CURAÇAO

Data for 'Stromboid conchs nei' have been converted from fillet 100 percent clean to live weight equivalents by using the conversion factor ‘13.2’.

#### CYPRUS

Data refer to government-controlled area only.

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with ICCAT, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

Catch data, excluding those for tuna species, for the Eastern Central Atlantic area are also reviewed and validated from the "Bulletin statistique" published by IMROP, Mauritania.

#### ECUADOR

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with IATTC and WCPFC, the regional agencies concerned with tuna statistics.

#### EGYPT

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with ICCAT, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

#### EL SALVADOR

The large increase in capture production since 2002 is due to improvements in the data collection system, particularly for the artisanal sector.

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with IATTC and WCPFC, the regional agencies concerned with tuna statistics.

#### EQUATORIAL GUINEA

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with ICCAT, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

#### ETHIOPIA

Data refer to a split-year (1 July – 30 June) and are shown under the calendar year in which the split-year begins.

#### FAROE ISLANDS

Catch data, excluding those for tuna species, for the South Pacific high seas area are reviewed in collaboration with SPRFMO.

#### FIJI

Includes Viti Levu, Vanua Levu, and Rotuma Islands.

Data for red and green seaweeds recorded on a dry-weight basis have been converted to wet-weight equivalents by using the conversion factor ‘8’.

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with WCPFC, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

#### FRANCE

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with ICCAT and IOTC, the regional agencies concerned with tuna statistics.

Catch data, excluding those for tuna species, for the Eastern Central Atlantic area have also been reviewed and validated with data taken from the “Bulletin statistique” published by IMROP, Mauritania.

Catches in the Antarctic region (FAO Major Fishing Areas 48, 58 and 88) are reviewed in collaboration with the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR). Data up to 2011 refer to catches for the CCAMLR fishing season (1 December - 30 November) and are shown under the calendar year in which the split-year ends.

#### FRENCH POLYNESIA

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with WCPFC, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

Data for 'Sea cucumber nei' recorded on a dry-weight basis have been converted to wet-weight equivalents by using the conversion factor ‘3’.

#### FRENCH SOUTHERN TERR

Include Amsterdam Island, Saint-Paul Island, and French scattered Indian Ocean Islands in area 51 (Western Indian Ocean) and Kerguelen Islands and Crozet Archipelago in area 58 (Antarctic Indian Ocean). Catches reported for area 58 are included with those of France.

#### GEORGIA

Catches rose sharply in 2017 and 2018, mostly due to an increase in the fishing activity of vessels licensed to operate in area 34 (Eastern Central Atlantic), in the EEZ of Mauritania.

Catch data, excluding those for tuna species, for the Eastern Central Atlantic area are reviewed and validated with data from the “Bulletin statistique” published by IMROP, Mauritania.

#### GERMANY

Estimate of total recreational catch in inland waters (18 800 tonnes) provided in 1997 by national authorities was replaced in 2011 by a new official estimate (approximately 13 000 tonnes) and data of 'Freshwater fishes nei' for previous years were revised accordingly.

Catches in the Antarctic region (FAO Major Fishing Areas 48, 58 and 88) are reviewed in collaboration with the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR). Data up to 2011 refer to catches for the CCAMLR fishing season (1 December - 30 November) and are shown under the calendar year in which the split-year ends.

#### GHANA

Catch data for the Southwest Atlantic area are also reviewed and validated by the Fisheries Department, Falkland Islands Government.

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with ICCAT, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

#### GREECE

Official catches for inland waters have not been reported since 2009, and instead are estimated by FAO.

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with ICCAT, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

#### GREENLAND

Starting with 1993, data reported on aquatic mammals also includes catches harvested for subsistence.

#### GUADELOUPE

Capture data for Saint Barthélemy and Saint-Martin, previously reported with those of Guadeloupe, are reported separately since 2007.

Data for 'Stromboid conchs nei' have been converted to live weight equivalents by using the conversion factor ‘7.5’.

#### GUAM

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with WCPFC, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics

#### GUATEMALA

Inland water catches have been estimated by FAO for most years since the early-2000s, although are thought to underestimate the significant quantities of catches associated with subsistence fisheries.

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with IATTC and ICCAT, the regional agencies concerned with tuna statistics.

#### GUINEA

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with ICCAT and IOTC, the regional agencies concerned with tuna statistics.

#### GUYANA

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with ICCAT, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

#### HONDURAS

Some data refer to a split-year fishing season shown under the calendar year in which the fishing season ends.

Quantities of estimated artisanal catches have been included under 'Marine fishes nei'.

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with IATTC, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

Catch data, excluding those for tuna species, for the Eastern Central and Southeast Atlantic areas are reviewed and validated with data provided by the Las Palmas Survey (LPS) and the “Estatistícas de Pesca Industrial” published by CIPA (Guinea-Bissau).

Catches of ‘Caribbean spiny lobster’ (Panulirus argus) have been converted to live weight equivalents using the conversion factor ‘3’.

Catches of 'Stromboid conchs nei' have been converted to live weight equivalents by using the conversion factor ‘7.5’.

Catches of 'Sea cucumber nei' recorded on a dry-weight basis have been converted to wet-weight equivalents by using the conversion factor ‘3’.

#### INDIA

Data are reviewed and validated against catches published by India’s Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI) ‘Marine Fish Landings in India’.

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with IOTC, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

Catches in the Antarctic region (FAO Major Fishing Areas 48, 58 and 88) are reviewed in collaboration with the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR). Data up to 2011 refer to catches for the CCAMLR fishing season (1 December - 30 November) and are shown under the calendar year in which the split-year ends.

#### INDONESIA

Data from 1975 onwards have been aligned in accordance with the boundary changes between fishing areas 57 and 71 in the Australian-Indonesian region, ratified in 2001.

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with IOTC and WCPFC, the regional agencies concerned with tuna statistics.

Indonesia launched the One Data Initiative in May 2016 to standardize the procedures for the collection, processing and open data access of fisheries and, as a consequence, improve the quality of data. In the context of transition between two systems, catches have either been fully or partially estimated by FAO since 2017 to improve the reliability and consistency of catches in relation to the historical trends.

#### IRAN (ISLAMIC REP. OF)

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with IOTC, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

#### IRELAND

Since 1999, catches in inland waters are no longer fully monitored. Data are collected only for 'European eel' (Anguilla anguilla), 'Atlantic salmon' (Salmo salar) and 'Sea trout' (Salmo trutta).

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with ICCAT, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

Catch data, excluding those for tuna species, for the Eastern Central Atlantic area are also reviewed and validated with data taken from the "Bulletin statistique" published by IMROP, Mauritania.

#### ITALY

Changes in the data collection system since 2005 resulted in improved species breakdown but also caused disruption in some data series.

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with ICCAT, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

Catch data, excluding those for tuna species, for the Eastern Central Atlantic area have also been reviewed and validated with data from the "Bulletin Statistique" published by IMROP (Mauritania) and the “Estatistícas de Pesca Industrial” published by CIPA (Guinea-Bissau).

#### JAMAICA

Data for 'Stromboid conchs nei' have been converted to live weight equivalents by using the conversion factor ‘7.5’.

#### JAPAN

Since 2004 there has been a reduction in the number of rivers and lakes utilized for inland water catches; while the collection and reporting of recreational fisheries catches ended in 2006.

Data concerning tuna and shark catches are reviewed in collaboration with IATTC, ICCAT, IOTC, WCPFC and CCSBT, the regional agencies concerned with tuna statistics.

Catch data, excluding those for tuna species, for the Southwest Atlantic area reviewed and validated with data provided also by the Fisheries Department, Falkland Islands Government.

Catch data, excluding those for tuna species, for the Southeast Atlantic high seas area are reviewed in collaboration with the South East Atlantic Fisheries organization (SEAFO).

Data on Japanese sea cucumber for 2007-2008 have been estimated on the basis of the three previous year average; while data since 2009 have been estimated applying raising factor obtained from data collected between 1994 and 2005.

Catches in the Antarctic region (FAO Major Fishing Areas 48, 58 and 88) are reviewed in collaboration with the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR). Data up to 2011 refer to catches for the CCAMLR fishing season (1 December - 30 November) and are shown under the calendar year in which the split-year ends.

#### KENYA

The large decrease inland water captures in 2017 is due to climate problems in late 2016 and administrative issues related to the fishing in Lake Victoria.

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with IOTC, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

#### KIRIBATI

Includes Fanning Island, Washington Island and Christmas Island in the Line Islands; Ocean Island, Phoenix Islands (Birnie, Gardner, Hull, McKean, Phoenix, Sydney, Canton and Enderbury).

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with the WCPFC, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

Data for 'Sea cucumber nei' recorded on a dry-weight basis have been converted to wet-weight equivalents by using the conversion factor ‘3’.

#### KOREA, REPUBLIC OF

Data concerning tuna and shark catches are reviewed in collaboration with IATTC, ICCAT, IOTC, WCPFC and CCSBT, the regional agencies concerned with tuna statistics.

Catch data, excluding those for tuna species, for the Eastern Central Atlantic area are reviewed and validated with data from the "Bulletin statistique" published by IMROP, Mauritania.

Catch data, excluding those for tuna species, for the Southwest Atlantic area have also been reviewed and validated with data by the Fisheries Department, Falkland Islands Government.

Catch data, excluding those for tuna species, for the Southeast Atlantic high seas area are reviewed in collaboration with the South East Atlantic Fisheries organization (SEAFO).

Catch data, excluding those for tuna species, for the South Pacific high seas area are reviewed in collaboration with SPRFMO.

Catches in the Antarctic region (FAO Major Fishing Areas 48, 58 and 88) are reviewed in collaboration with the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR). Data up to 2011 refer to catches for the CCAMLR fishing season (1 December - 30 November) and are shown under the calendar year in which the split-year ends.

#### LATVIA

Catch data, excluding those for tuna species, for the Eastern Central Atlantic area are reviewed and validated with data taken from the "Bulletin statistique" published by IMROP, Mauritania.

Catches in the Antarctic region (FAO Major Fishing Areas 48, 58 and 88) are reviewed in collaboration with the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR). Data up to 2011 refer to catches for the CCAMLR fishing season (1 December - 30 November) and are shown under the calendar year in which the split-year ends.

#### LIBERIA

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with ICCAT, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

#### LIBYA

No official data has been reported to FAO since 2009. Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with ICCAT, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

#### LITHUANIA

In 2002, data for the Curronian lagoon have been reported as marine captures in area 27 (Northeast Atlantic) instead of area 05 (Europe – Inland waters) causing a displacement of catches between the two areas.

Catch data, excluding those for tuna species, for the Eastern Central Atlantic area are reviewed and validated with data taken from the "Bulletin statistique" published by IMROP, Mauritania.

#### MADAGASCAR

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with IOTC, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

Data for 'Sea cucumber nei' recorded on a dry-weight basis have been converted to wet-weight equivalents by using the conversion factor ‘3’.

#### MALAWI

The large increase in the capture production of Cyprinidae since 2007 are due to changes in reporting by the national reporting office for catches for Engraulicypris sardella - the most abundant cyprinid in Lake Malawi - from ‘Cichlids nei’ to ‘Cyprinids nei’.

#### MALAYSIA

Includes Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak.

Data concerning tuna catches in the Indian Ocean are reviewed in collaboration with IOTC, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

#### MALDIVES

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with IOTC, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

Data for 'Sea cucumber nei' recorded on a dry-weight basis have been converted to wet-weight equivalents by using the conversion factor ‘3’.

#### MALTA

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with ICCAT, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

Catch data, excluding those for tuna species, for the Eastern Central Atlantic area are reviewed and validated with data taken from the "Bulletin statistique" published by IMROP, Mauritania.

#### MARSHALL ISLANDS

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with the WCPFC, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics. The increase in tuna catches since 2001 are due to vessels previously flagged in Vanuatu, re-flagged in the Marshall Islands.

#### MARTINIQUE

Data for 'Stromboid conchs nei' have been converted to live weight equivalents by using the conversion factor ‘7.5’.

#### MAURITANIA

The increase in capture production in recent years is due to improvements in the data collection system for industrial fisheries and also revisions in the national estimates of artisanal catches.

#### MAURITIUS

Data concerning tuna catches in the Indian Ocean are reviewed in collaboration with IOTC, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

#### MAYOTTE

Includes Grand-Terre and Pamandzi.

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with IOTC, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

#### MEXICO

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with ICCAT, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

Data for 'Stromboid conchs nei' have been converted from dirty meat to live weight equivalents by using the conversion factor ‘5.3’.

#### MICRONESIA, FED.STATES OF

Includes Yap, Truk, Pohnpei and Kosrae.

The large increase in catches since 2016 – particularly of tunas - is mostly due to an increase in the number of purse seine vessels registered under the flag the Federated States of Micronesia. In addition the longline fleet also includes some chartered (foreign-flag) vessel, whose catches are also attributed to Micronesia, in accordance with national and international guidelines on charter arrangements.

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with the WCPFC, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

#### MONTENEGRO

Due to the introduction of a new data collection system, 2017 catch statistics are not fully comparable with those of previous years.

#### MOROCCO

The increase in inland waters capture production since the mid to late-2000s is due to restocking of dams.

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with ICCAT, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

#### MOZAMBIQUE

Large increases of marine capture production since 2003 and of 'Freshwater fishes nei' since 2007 are due, respectively, to an improved coverage and to a new data collection system for the artisanal fishery sectors.

Recent data concerning retained catches of tuna and tuna-like species from sport fishing in the Indian Ocean are reviewed in collaboration with IOTC, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

Historical catches reported for "Scombroidei – Tuna-like fishes nei" may be associated with Distant Water Fishing Nations (DWFN) in the Mozambican Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ).

#### MYANMAR

Data before 2017 that refer to a split-year (1 April – 31 March) are shown under the calendar year in which the split-year ends.

FAO has worked with Myanmar to revise historical catches for marine and inland captures downwards, from 2006 onwards, based on estimates of fishing capacity (i.e., the number of fishing vessels in marine waters and number of leasable fisheries in inland waters as published by the DoF “Fishery Statistics” bulletin). FAO continues to apply the same methodology, estimating the most recent years’ catches, while collaborating with the country to improve fishery data collection in Myanmar’s Yangon Region.

Data for ‘Jellyfishes’ expressed in dry-weight.

#### NAMIBIA

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with ICCAT, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

Catches of 'Cape horse mackerel' (Trachurus capensis) have been revised upwards for the period 1992-2000 to take account of new information provided by the national reporting office.

Data for the Southwest Atlantic area are reviewed and validated with data from the Fisheries Department, Falkland Islands Government.

Data for "Elasmobranchii – Sharks, rays, skates, etc. nei" include also the production of shark fins converted to live weight equivalents by using the conversion factor ‘20’.

Catches in the Antarctic region (FAO Major Fishing Areas 48, 58 and 88) are reviewed in collaboration with the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR). Data up to 2011 refer to catches for the CCAMLR fishing season (1 December - 30 November) and are shown under the calendar year in which the split-year ends.

#### NEPAL

Data prior to 2016, which are reported according to split-year (16 July - 15 July) are shown under the calendar year in which the split-year ends.

#### NETHERLANDS

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with ICCAT, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

Catch data, excluding those for tuna species, for the Eastern Central Atlantic area have also been reviewed and validated with data from the "Bulletin statistique" published by IMROP, Mauritania.

Catch data, excluding those for tuna species, for the South Pacific high seas area are reviewed in collaboration with SPRFMO.

#### NETHERLANDS ANTILLES

Since 2011, when the federation of the Netherlands Antilles was dissolved, capture data for Bonaire/S.Eustatius/Saba, Curaçao, and Sint Maarten are reported separately.

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with ICCAT, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

Data for 'Stromboid conchs nei' for the Netherlands Antilles and successor entities have been converted from fillet 100 percent clean to live weight equivalents by using the conversion factor ‘13.2’.

#### NEW CALEDONIA

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with the WCPFC, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

#### NEW ZEALAND

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with the WCPFC, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

Catch data for the Southwest Atlantic area are reviewed and validated with data by the Fisheries Department, Falkland Islands Government.

Catch data, excluding those for tuna species, for the South Pacific high seas area are reviewed in collaboration with SPRFMO.

For the period 1995-2000, data for "Elasmobranchii – Sharks, rays, skates, etc. nei" also includes the production of shark fins converted to live weight equivalents by using the conversion factor ‘20’.

Data for 'New Zealand scallop' (Pecten novaezelandiae) since 1987 have been converted to live weight equivalents by using the conversion factor ‘8’.

Catches in the Antarctic region (FAO Major Fishing Areas 48, 58 and 88) are reviewed in collaboration with the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR). Data up to 2011 refer to catches for the CCAMLR fishing season (1 December - 30 November) and are shown under the calendar year in which the split-year ends.

#### NICARAGUA

Since 1999 data reported for species in product weight have been converted to live weight equivalents.

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with IATTC, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

Data for 'Stromboid conchs nei' have been converted from fillet 100 percent clean to live weight equivalents by using the conversion factor ‘16.3’.

#### NIGER

The large increase in capture production since 2003 is mainly due to improvements in the data collection system, while the decrease in catches around 2006 is due to a great withdrawal of Lake Chad within Niger.

#### NIGERIA

Due to the introduction of a new data collection system in Lagos, 2017 catch statistics are not fully comparable with those of previous years.

#### NIUE

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with WCPFC, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

#### NORTHERN MARIANA IS.

Includes Marianas Islands except Guam.

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with the WCPFC, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

#### NORWAY

Catches in the Antarctic region (FAO Major Fishing Areas 48, 58 and 88) are reviewed in collaboration with the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR). Data up to 2011 refer to catches for the CCAMLR fishing season (1 December - 30 November) and are shown under the calendar year in which the split-year ends.

#### OMAN

The large increase in catches in recent years (since 2017/2018) can be attributed to a number of factors including: improvements in the coverage of landing sites and sampling of fishing catch and effort; in addition to the increasing demand for fish oil and fish meal in the region. An increase in exports of fishmeal from Oman during the same period also appears to validate the increase in capture production.

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with IOTC, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

#### OTHER NEI

Data refer to catches reported by IATTC, ICCAT, IOTC, Las Palmas Survey (LPS), the "Bulletin statistique" published by IMROP (Mauritania) and the “Estatistícas de Pesca Industrial” published by CIPA (Guinea-Bissau), as caught by unidentified countries.

Catch data, excluding those for tuna species, for the South Pacific high seas area are reviewed in collaboration with SPRFMO.

#### PAKISTAN

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with IOTC, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

In 2019, catches for tuna and billspecies were revised from the mid-1980s onwards as part of a catch reconstruction conducted by the Government of Pakistan and WWF-Pakistan. The catches were independently reviewed and validated by FAO and IOTC.

#### PALAU

From 2002 onwards 750 tonnes of estimated subsistence catches have been included under 'Marine fishes nei'.

#### PANAMA

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with IATTC and ICCAT, the regional agencies concerned with tuna statistics.

Catch data, excluding those for tuna species, for the Southwest Atlantic area are reviewed and validated with data provided by the Fisheries Department, Falkland Islands Government.

Catch data for the Eastern Central and Southeast Atlantic areas are also reviewed and validated with data from the Las Palmas Survey (LPS), the "Bulletin Statistique" published by IMROP (Mauritania), and the “Estatistícas de Pesca Industrial” published by CIPA (Guinea-Bissau).

Data for shrimp species reported for the Eastern Central Pacific area have been converted to live weight equivalents by using the conversion factors ‘1.6’ and ‘2’.

Catches in the Antarctic region (FAO Major Fishing Areas 48, 58 and 88) are reviewed in collaboration with the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR). Data up to 2011 refer to catches for the CCAMLR fishing season (1 December - 30 November) and are shown under the calendar year in which the split-year ends.

#### PAPUA NEW GUINEA

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with WCPFC, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

#### PERU

Catch data, excluding those for tuna species, for the South Pacific high seas area are reviewed in collaboration with SPRFMO.

#### PHILIPPINES

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with ICCAT, IOTC and WCPFC, the regional agencies concerned with tuna statistics.

Tuna catches in the Western Central Pacific have been revised downwards in recent years after a joint study on catch discrepancies by FAO and tuna Regional Fisheries Management Organizations revealed that data reported to FAO also included catches by foreign vessels landed in the Philippines.

#### POLAND

An estimate of total recreational catches in inland waters (16 000 tonnes) has been added to 'Freshwater fishes nei' in recent years.

In 2018 no catches were reported in the Eastern Central Atlantic due to the exchange of fishing quotas in other regions. Similarly, changes in fishing areas between the Atlantic Southeast and Pacific Southwest have also been noted in recent years.

Catches in the Antarctic region (FAO Major Fishing Areas 48, 58 and 88) are reviewed in collaboration with the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR). Data up to 2011 refer to catches for the CCAMLR fishing season (1 December - 30 November) and are shown under the calendar year in which the split-year ends.

#### PORTUGAL

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with ICCAT, IOTC and WCPFC, the regional agencies concerned with tuna statistics.

Catch data, excluding those for tuna species, for the Eastern Central Atlantic area have also been reviewed and validated with data taken from the "Bulletin statistique" published by IMROP, Mauritania.

#### PUERTO RICO

Data for 'Stromboid conchs nei' have been converted from fillet 100 percent clean to live weight equivalents by using the conversion factor ‘13.2’.

#### RÉUNION

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with IOTC, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

#### RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Production data for the last few years might include those for the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol, Ukraine, temporarily occupied by the Russian Federation.

Data for tuna species not comparable with those of IATTC, ICCAT, IOTC and WCPFC.

Catches in the Antarctic region (FAO Major Fishing Areas 48, 58 and 88) are reviewed in collaboration with the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR). Data up to 2011 refer to catches for the CCAMLR fishing season (1 December - 30 November) and are shown under the calendar year in which the split-year ends.

#### SAINT HELENA

Includes the Islands of Ascension and Tristan da Cunha.

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with ICCAT, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

Data for 'Tristan da Cunha rock lobster' (Jasus tristani), 'Octopuses, etc. nei' and, since 1994, for most of the quantities included under 'Marine fishes nei' refer to catches from the Tristan da Cunha area. A portion of these catches are taken by foreign fleets.

#### SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS

The sharp reduction in catches from 2018 (from 85 500 tonnes in 2017 to around 1 000 tonnes in 2018) is due to the restructuring of the high seas fishing fleet, during which all offshore fishing operations in the Eastern Central Atlantic were suspended in 2018 and 2019.

Catch data, excluding those for tuna species, for the Eastern Central Atlantic area have reviewed and validated with data taken from the "Bulletin statistique" published by IMROP, Mauritania.

Data for 'Stromboid conchs nei' have been converted from fillet 50 percent clean to live weight equivalents by using the conversion factor ‘7.9’.

#### SAINT LUCIA

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with ICCAT, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

Data for 'Stromboid conchs nei' have been converted from dirty meat to live weight equivalents by using the conversion factor ‘5.3’.

#### SAINT VINCENT/GRENADINES

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with ICCAT, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

Catch data, excluding those for tuna species, for the Eastern Central and Southeast Atlantic areas are reviewed and validated with data from the Las Palmas Survey (LPS) and the "Bulletin statistique" published by IMROP, Mauritania.

Data for 'Stromboid conchs nei' have been converted to live weight equivalents by using the conversion factor ‘7.5’.

#### SAMOA

Data which are reported according to split-year (1 July – 30 June) are shown under the calendar year in which the split-year ends.

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with the WCPFC, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

#### SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with ICCAT, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

#### SENEGAL

Data for inland water capture production were revised after an official communication highlighted that the submission of 2008 catches also included quantities from marine areas. In addition, since 2010 an estimate of 20 000 tonnes has been added to inland waters capture production by FAO to compensate for the partial reporting of data.

Data concerning tuna catches in the Atlantic and in the Indian Ocean are reviewed in collaboration with ICCAT and IOTC, the regional agencies concerned with tuna statistics.

#### SERBIA

Excludes data for Kosovo and Metohia.

#### SEYCHELLES

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with ICCAT and IOTC, the regional agencies concerned with tuna statistics.

The increase in catches of tuna species since 1997 is due to the increase in licensing and fishing activities of foreign purse seiners re-flagged under Seychelles.

#### SIERRA LEONE

The large increase in marine capture production is the consequence of a new frame survey conducted in 2003 which produced revised raising factors for artisanal fisheries.

Catch data for the Southwest Atlantic area are also reviewed and validated by the Fisheries Department, Falkland Islands Government.

#### SINT MAARTEN

Data for 'Stromboid conchs nei' have been converted from fillet 100 percent clean to live weight equivalents by using the conversion factor ‘13.2’.

#### SOLOMON ISLANDS

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with WCPFC, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

Data for 'Sea cucumber nei' recorded on a dry-weight basis have been converted to wet-weight equivalents by using the conversion factor ‘3’.

#### SOUTH AFRICA

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with ICCAT and IOTC, the regional agencies concerned with tuna statistics.

Catch data, excluding those for tuna species, for the Southeast Atlantic high seas area are reviewed in collaboration with the South East Atlantic Fisheries organization (SEAFO).

Data for brown and Gelidium seaweeds recorded on a dry-weight basis have been converted to wet-weight equivalents by using the conversion factors ‘6.3’ and ‘8’ respectively.

Catches in the Antarctic region (FAO Major Fishing Areas 48, 58 and 88) are reviewed in collaboration with the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR). Data up to 2011 refer to catches for the CCAMLR fishing season (1 December - 30 November) and are shown under the calendar year in which the split-year ends.

#### SPAIN

The relatively large increase in catches of tunas since 2018, in particular skipjack and bigeye tuna, are due to changes in the procedures for estimating the catches by species and total catches landed by the Spanish purse seine fleet. FAO is liaising with the Spanish authorities and IOTC to ensure consistency and comparability in the official catch series prior to 2018.

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with IATTC, ICCAT, IOTC and WCPFC, the regional agencies concerned with tuna statistics.

Catch data, excluding those for tuna species, for the Eastern Central Atlantic area are reviewed and validated with data taken from the "Bulletin statistique" published by IMROP, Mauritania.

Catch data, excluding those for tuna species, for the Southwest Atlantic area have also been reviewed and validated with data provided also by the Fisheries Department, Falkland Islands Government.

Catches in the Antarctic region (FAO Major Fishing Areas 48, 58 and 88) are reviewed in collaboration with the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR). Data up to 2011 refer to catches for the CCAMLR fishing season (1 December - 30 November) and are shown under the calendar year in which the split-year ends.

#### SRI LANKA

In 1999, fishery statistics formerly assigned to area 51 (Western Indian Ocean) have been moved to area 57 (Eastern Indian Ocean) following a modification of the boundary between the two areas.

Data concerning tuna catches in the Indian Ocean are reviewed in collaboration with IOTC, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

#### ST. PIERRE AND MIQUELON

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with ICCAT, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

#### SURINAME

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with ICCAT, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

Data for shrimp species have been converted to live weight equivalents by using the conversion factor ‘2.3’.

#### SWEDEN

Increases in inland water catches since 2013 are due to the inclusion of official data on recreational fisheries. However, catches for this sector are considered highly uncertain by the Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management, the national agency responsible for recreational fisheries.

#### TAIWAN PROVINCE OF CHINA

Data concerning tuna and shark catches are reviewed in collaboration with IATTC, ICCAT, IOTC, WCPFC and CCSBT, the regional agencies concerned with tuna statistics.

Catch data, excluding those for tuna species, for the South Pacific high seas area are reviewed in collaboration with SPRFMO.

#### TANZANIA, UNITED REP. OF

Data refer only to capture production of mainland Tanzania and do not include captures landed on Zanzibar Island, and which are reported separately.

Data concerning tuna catches in the Indian Ocean are reviewed in collaboration with IOTC, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

#### THAILAND

Data concerning tuna catches in the Indian Ocean are reviewed in collaboration with IOTC, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

Since 2001, data for 'Green mussel' (Perna viridis) have been reported only as aquaculture production.

#### TOKELAU

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with the WCPFC, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

#### TONGA

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with the WCPFC, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

#### TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with ICCAT, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

For the period 1998-2010, an estimate of 4 680 tonnes has been added to ‘Marine fishes nei’ to account for catches by vessels for which no data had been submitted.

#### TUNISIA

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with ICCAT, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

#### TURKS AND CAICOS IS.

Data which are reported according to split-year (16 July - 15 July) are shown under the calendar year in which the split-year ends.

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with ICCAT, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

Data for 'Stromboid conchs nei' have been converted to live weight equivalents by using the conversion factor ‘5.3’.

#### TUVALU

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with the WCPFC, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

#### UGANDA

Official catches increased sharply in 2019 due to data from a Catch Assessment Survey in Lake Albert indicating that catches had more than doubled for most species, partly as a result of the impacts of illegal fishing and increase in fishing pressure. Relatively large increases in capture production from 2004 and 2007 onwards are also due, respectively, to improvements in coverage of the data collection system, and the inclusion of illegal catch estimates and emerging fisheries for new species.

#### UKRAINE

Production data of the last few years exclude those of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol.

Catch data, excluding those for tuna species, for the Eastern Central Atlantic area are reviewed and validated with data taken from the "Bulletin statistique" published by IMROP, Mauritania.

Catch data, excluding those for tuna species, for the South Pacific high seas area have also been reviewed in collaboration with SPRFMO.

No species breakdown was provided in 2005 and 2007-2013 for catches in the Southwest Pacific, 2013-2014 for the Eastern Central Atlantic, and 2014-2015 for the Southeast Atlantic.

Catches in the Antarctic region (FAO Major Fishing Areas 48, 58 and 88) are reviewed in collaboration with the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR). Data up to 2011 refer to catches for the CCAMLR fishing season (1 December - 30 November) and are shown under the calendar year in which the split-year ends.

#### UN. SOV. SOC. REP.

Catches in the Antarctic region (FAO Major Fishing Areas 48, 58 and 88) are reviewed in collaboration with the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR). Data up to 2011 refer to catches for the CCAMLR fishing season (1 December - 30 November) and are shown under the calendar year in which the split-year ends.

#### UNITED KINGDOM

Data for England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland have been combined.

Data concerning tuna catches in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean are reviewed in collaboration with ICCAT and IOTC, the regional agencies concerned with tuna statistics.

Catch data, excluding those for tuna species, for the Eastern Central Atlantic area are reviewed and validated with data taken from the "Bulletin statistique" published by IMROP, Mauritania.

Catch data, excluding those for tuna species, for the Southwest Atlantic area are reviewed and validated with data provided also by the Fisheries Department, Falkland Islands Government.

Catches in the Antarctic region (FAO Major Fishing Areas 48, 58 and 88) are reviewed in collaboration with the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR). Data up to 2011 refer to catches for the CCAMLR fishing season (1 December - 30 November) and are shown under the calendar year in which the split-year ends.

#### UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Capture data for recreational fisheries are not included.

Estimated quantities of aquaculture production are subtracted from catch data officially reported for the oysters Crassostrea gigas and C. virginica and for the northern quahog Mercenaria mercenaria, and are also subject to periodic revision.

In 2019, catches were revised by the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) for the period 1995-2017, although the changes were relatively minimal – with the exception of catches in 2004-2005.

Catches of marine worms (Polychaeta) are generally considered to be highly uncertain and likely significantly under estimated, due to limited data collection mechanisms in place for monitoring the catches of polychaetes species.

Since 1985, data for seals refer exclusively to harvest for subsistence.

Catches in the Antarctic region (FAO Major Fishing Areas 48, 58 and 88) are reviewed in collaboration with the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR). Data up to 2011 refer to catches for the CCAMLR fishing season (1 December - 30 November) and are shown under the calendar year in which the split-year ends.

#### URUGUAY

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with ICCAT, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

Catches in the Antarctic region (FAO Major Fishing Areas 48, 58 and 88) are reviewed in collaboration with the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR). Data up to 2011 refer to catches for the CCAMLR fishing season (1 December - 30 November) and are shown under the calendar year in which the split-year ends.

#### US VIRGIN ISLANDS

Includes Saint Croix, Saint John and Saint Thomas.

Data up to 2012 are reported according to split year (1 July - 30 June) and are shown under the calendar year in which the split year ends.

Data for 'Stromboid conchs nei' have been converted from fillet 100 percent clean to live weight equivalents by using the conversion factor ‘13.2’.

#### VANUATU

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with IATTC, ICCAT, IOTC and WCPFC, the regional agencies concerned with tuna statistics.

The fluctuation in tuna catches in the Western Central Pacific, particularly during the 2000s, is due to changes in the number of licensed active vessels fishing with a flag of convenience.

Catch data, excluding those for tuna species, for the Southwest Atlantic area are reviewed and validated with data provided by the Fisheries Department, Falkland Islands Government.

Catch data, excluding those for tuna species, for the South Pacific high seas area are also reviewed in collaboration with SPRFMO.

Data for 'Sea cucumber nei' recorded on a dry-weight basis have been converted to wet-weight equivalents by using the conversion factor ‘3’.

#### VENEZUELA, BOLIV REP OF

Catches in the Antarctic region (FAO Major Fishing Areas 48, 58 and 88) are reviewed in collaboration with the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR). Data up to 2011 refer to catches for the CCAMLR fishing season (1 December - 30 November) and are shown under the calendar year in which the split-year ends.

#### VIET NAM

Data concerning tuna catches are reviewed in collaboration with the WCPFC, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

#### YEMEN

Includes Kamaran Islands, Perim and Socotra.

Official data have not been reported to FAO since the late-1990s, with the exception of catches for the period 2008-2012.

Data concerning tuna catches in the Indian Ocean are reviewed in collaboration with IOTC, the regional agency concerned with tuna statistics.

#### ZANZIBAR

The 2000-2015 capture production data for the Zanzibar Island have been made available by the Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Zanzibar.

#### ZIMBABWE

Data refer only to catches from Lake Kariba which, however, contributes almost 90 percent of the country’s total capture production.