Titanium dioxide (TiO2) (CAS number 13463-67-7, INS 171, molecular weight 79.87) is a white insoluble crystalline powder with a high refractive index. It is used as a colour in various food categories to make food visually appealing and/or to restore the original appearance of food. In the European Union (EU), the food additive E171 refers to food-grade TiO2. INS 171 and E171 are equivalent except that INS 171 does not include the TiO2 coating of pearlescent pigments (INS 176).

Early warning systems have a critical role in the reduction of risks from various hazards. The capability and capacity to identify early signals and emerging food safety risks, and to provide on-time early warning that would allow for the mitigation of related upcoming risks is vital for national and international authorities and organizations dealing with food safety. With the rapid development of modern systems fed by numerous, real-time and diverse data, as well as the advancements achieved in artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques, increasingly tested and validated digital methods and models have become available for food safety early warning and analysis, allowing to support the shift from reactive towards proactive systems. This technical background enhances the awareness of the...

In response to a request from the 52nd Session of the Codex Committee on Food Hygiene (CCFH), the FAO/WHO Joint Expert Meetings on Microbiological Risk Assessment (JEMRA) convened this meeting, to collate and assess the most recent scientific information relating to the control of non-typhoidal (NT)-Salmonella spp. in chicken meat. The assessment included a review of the Codex Guidelines for the Control of Campylobacter and Salmonella in Chicken Meat (CXG 78-2011). The Campylobacter will be reviewd by another meeting.     The expert consultation noted that no single control measure was sufficiently effective in reducing either the prevalence or the level of contamination of broilers and poultry meat with NT-Salmonella spp. Instead, it was emphasized that control strategies based on multiple...

Fruits and vegetables are an important part of a healthy diet and are protective against many chronic health conditions. Yet, fresh fruits and vegetables have been consistently implicated in food safety incidents involving microbiological hazards around the globe for decades. In response to requests of the Codex Committee on Food Hygiene concerning microbiological hazards in fresh fruits and vegetables and to update and expand the information available in Microbiological hazards in fresh leafy vegetables and herbs (MRA14), which was published in 2008, FAO and WHO convened a series of expert meetings in 2021 to 2022. The purpose of the meetings was to collect, review and discuss relevant measures to control microbiological hazards from primary production to point of sale...

Managing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant challenge to the world. International Codex Alimentarius standards, guidelines, and codes of practice (Codex texts) have been developed to assist countries in controlling foodborne AMR, and the "Action to support implementation of Codex AMR texts (ACT)" project is supporting these efforts in Pakistan. This fact sheet presents the landscape of antimicrobial resistance and use, strengths and opportunities to control AMR in Pakistan. It highlights the role of the ACT project and the expected results.

Managing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant challenge to the world. International Codex Alimentarius standards, guidelines, and codes of practice (Codex texts) have been developed to assist countries in controlling foodborne AMR, and the "Action to support implementation of Codex AMR texts (ACT)" project is supporting these efforts in Nepal. This fact sheet presents the landscape of antimicrobial resistance and use, strengths and opportunities to control AMR in Nepal. It highlights the role of the ACT project and the expected results.

Managing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant challenge to the world. International Codex Alimentarius standards, guidelines, and codes of practice (Codex texts) have been developed to assist countries in controlling foodborne AMR, and the "Action to support implementation of Codex AMR texts (ACT)" project is supporting these efforts in Mongolia. This fact sheet presents the landscape of antimicrobial resistance and use, strengths and opportunities to control AMR in Mongolia. It highlights the role of the ACT project and the expected results.

Managing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant challenge to the world. International Codex Alimentarius standards, guidelines, and codes of practice (Codex texts) have been developed to assist countries in controlling foodborne AMR, and the "Action to support implementation of Codex AMR texts (ACT)" project is supporting these efforts in Colombia. This fact sheet presents the landscape of antimicrobial resistance and use, strengths and opportunities to control AMR in Colombia. It highlights the role of the ACT project and the expected results.

Managing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant challenge to the world. International Codex Alimentarius standards, guidelines, and codes of practice (Codex texts) have been developed to assist countries in controlling foodborne AMR, and the "Action to support implementation of Codex AMR texts (ACT)" project is supporting these efforts in Cambodia. This fact sheet presents the landscape of antimicrobial resistance and use, strengths and opportunities to control AMR in Cambodia. It highlights the role of the ACT project and the expected results.

Managing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant challenge to the world. International Codex Alimentarius standards, guidelines, and codes of practice (Codex texts) have been developed to assist countries in controlling foodborne AMR, and the "Action to support implementation of Codex AMR texts (ACT)" project is supporting these efforts in the Plurinational State of Bolivia. This fact sheet presents the landscape of antimicrobial resistance and use, strengths and opportunities to control AMR in the Plurinational State of Bolivia. It highlights the role of the ACT project and the expected results.