- Although Section 40(5) of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law of 1988 states that “All qualified women members of the agricultural labour force must be guaranteed and assured equal rights to ownership of land”, among some ethnic groups and Muslim groups, access to land is reserved for men only (11). 

- The 1987 Civil Code provides for equal inheritance rights but in practice, parents tend to leave lands to sons, while ensuring the future of daughters by investing in their education (3).