GSFA Online
Updated up to the 44th Session of the Codex Alimentarius Commission (2021)

Food Category Details

Food Category Hierarchy

Chewing gum (05.3)

Description:
Product made from natural or synthetic gum base containing flavours, sweeteners (nutritive or non-nutritive), aroma compounds, and other additives.1 Includes bubble gum and breath-freshener gum products.

This page provides information on the food additive provisions that are acceptable for use in foods conforming to the food category.

GSFA Provisions for Food Category 05.3
INS No. Food Additive or Group Max Level Notes Defined In
100(i) Curcumin 300 mg/kg 05.3
102 Tartrazine 300 mg/kg 05.3
104 Quinoline yellow 30 mg/kg 05.3
110 Sunset yellow FCF 300 mg/kg 05.3
120 Carmines 500 mg/kg 05.3
122 Azorubine (Carmoisine) 100 mg/kg 05.3
123 Amaranth 100 mg/kg 05.3
124 Ponceau 4R (Cochineal red A) 300 mg/kg 05.3
127 Erythrosine 50 mg/kg 05.3
129 Allura red AC 300 mg/kg 05.3
132 Indigotine (Indigo carmine) 300 mg/kg 05.3
133 Brilliant blue FCF 300 mg/kg 05.3
143 Fast green FCF 300 mg/kg 05.3
150b Caramel II - sulfite caramel 20,000 mg/kg 05.3
150c Caramel III - ammonia caramel 20,000 mg/kg 05.3
150d Caramel IV - sulfite ammonia caramel 20,000 mg/kg 05.3
151 Brilliant black (Black PN) 300 mg/kg 05.3
155 Brown HT 300 mg/kg 05.3
160a(ii) beta-Carotenes, vegetable 500 mg/kg 05.3
160b(i) Annatto extracts, bixin-based 300 mg/kg 05.3
160b(ii) Annatto extracts, norbixin-based 50 mg/kg 05.3
160c(ii) Paprika extract 150 mg/kg 05.3
163(ii) Grape skin extract 500 mg/kg 05.3
243 Lauric arginate ethyl ester 225 mg/kg 05.3
310 Propyl gallate 1,000 mg/kg 05.3
314 Guaiac resin 1,500 mg/kg 05.3
319 Tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) 400 mg/kg 05.3
320 Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) 400 mg/kg 05.3
321 Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) 400 mg/kg 05.3
405 Propylene glycol alginate 5,000 mg/kg 05.3
459 Cyclodextrin, beta- 20,000 mg/kg 05.3
472e Diacetyltartaric and fatty acid esters of glycerol 50,000 mg/kg 05.3
475 Polyglycerol esters of fatty acids 5,000 mg/kg 05.3
476 Polyglycerol esters of interesterified ricinoleic acid 500 mg/kg 05.3
477 Propylene glycol esters of fatty acids 20,000 mg/kg 05.3
484 Stearyl citrate 15,000 mg/kg 05.3
554 Sodium aluminium silicate 100 mg/kg 05.3
636 Maltol 200 mg/kg 05.3
637 Ethyl maltol 1,000 mg/kg 05.3
900a Polydimethylsiloxane 100 mg/kg 05.3
901 Beeswax GMP 05.3
902 Candelilla wax GMP 05.3
903 Carnauba wax 1,200 mg/kg 05.3
904 Shellac, bleached GMP 05.3
905c(i) Microcrystalline wax 20,000 mg/kg 05.3
905d Mineral oil, high viscosity 20,000 mg/kg 05.3
905e Mineral oil, medium viscosity 2,000 mg/kg 05.0
950 Acesulfame potassium 5,000 mg/kg 05.3
951 Aspartame 10,000 mg/kg 05.3
955 Sucralose (Trichlorogalactosucrose) 5,000 mg/kg 05.3
956 Alitame 300 mg/kg 05.3
961 Neotame 1,000 mg/kg 05.3
962 Aspartame-acesulfame salt 5,000 mg/kg 05.3
969 Advantame 400 mg/kg 05.3
1201 Polyvinylpyrrolidone 10,000 mg/kg 05.3
1503 Castor oil 2,100 mg/kg 05.3
1520 Propylene glycol 20,000 mg/kg 05.3
1521 Polyethylene glycol 20,000 mg/kg 05.3
IRON OXIDES 5,000 mg/kg 05.3
SORBITAN ESTERS OF FATTY ACIDS 5,000 mg/kg 05.3
SUCROSE ESTERS 12,000 mg/kg 05.3
STEAROYL LACTYLATES 2,000 mg/kg 05.3
RIBOFLAVINS 1,000 mg/kg 05.3
SACCHARINS 2,500 mg/kg 05.3
POLYSORBATES 5,000 mg/kg 05.3
TARTRATES 30,000 mg/kg 05.3
TOCOPHEROLS 1,500 mg/kg 05.3
SORBATES 1,500 mg/kg 05.3
PHOSPHATES 44,000 mg/kg 05.3
CHLOROPHYLLS AND CHLOROPHYLLINS, COPPER COMPLEXES 700 mg/kg 05.3
CAROTENOIDS 100 mg/kg 05.3
CYCLAMATES 3,000 mg/kg 05.3
ASCORBYL ESTERS 500 mg/kg 05.0
HYDROXYBENZOATES, PARA- 1,500 mg/kg 05.3
BENZOATES 1,500 mg/kg 05.3
STEVIOL GLYCOSIDES 3,500 mg/kg 05.3
POLYOXYETHYLENE STEARATES 200 mg/kg 05.3

Items in uppercase (e.g. PHOSPHATES) refer to food additive groups.


GSFA Table 3 Provisions

The following additives, as indicated by Table 3, may be used in this food category under the conditions of good manufacturing practice (GMP) as outlined in the Preamble of the Codex GSFA.

INS No. Food Additive or Group Acceptable in Foods Conforming to the Following Commodity Standards
260 Acetic acid, glacial
CS 291-2010
CS 249-2006
CS 221-2001
CS 119-1981
CS 70-1981
CS 275-1973
CS 256-2007
CS 319-2015
CS 94-1981
CS 309R-2011
CS 302-2011
CS 273-1968
CS 117-1981
472a Acetic and fatty acid esters of glycerol
CS 309R-2011
CS 117-1981
CS 275-1973
CS 256-2007
1422 Acetylated distarch adipate
CS 249-2006
CS 221-2001
CS 119-1981
CS 70-1981
CS 275-1973
CS 256-2007
CS 94-1981
CS 309R-2011
CS 273-1968
CS 117-1981
1414 Acetylated distarch phosphate
CS 249-2006
CS 221-2001
CS 119-1981
CS 70-1981
CS 256-2007
CS 275-1973
CS 94-1981
CS 309R-2011
CS 273-1968
CS 117-1981
1451 Acetylated oxidized starch
CS 309R-2011
CS 249-2006
CS 117-1981
CS 256-2007
1401 Acid-treated starch
CS 249-2006
CS 221-2001
CS 119-1981
CS 70-1981
CS 275-1973
CS 256-2007
CS 94-1981
CS 309R-2011
CS 273-1968
CS 117-1981
CS 105-1981
406 Agar
CS 249-2006
CS 70-1981 (for use in packing media only)
CS 94-1981 (for use in packing media only)
CS 221-2001
CS 275-1973
CS 256-2007
CS 119-1981 (for use in packing media only)
CS 96-1981
CS 97-1981
CS 309R-2011
CS 273-1968
CS 117-1981
400 Alginic acid
CS 249-2006
CS 70-1981 (for use in packing media only)
CS 94-1981 (for use in packing media only)
CS 221-2001
CS 275-1973
CS 256-2007
CS 119-1981 (for use in packing media only)
CS 309R-2011
CS 273-1968
CS 117-1981
CS 105-1981
1402 Alkaline treated starch
CS 249-2006
CS 221-2001
CS 119-1981
CS 70-1981
CS 275-1973
CS 256-2007
CS 94-1981
CS 309R-2011
CS 273-1968
CS 117-1981
CS 105-1981
403 Ammonium alginate
CS 221-2001
CS 309R-2011
CS 273-1968
CS 117-1981
CS 275-1973
CS 256-2007
503(i) Ammonium carbonate
CS 291-2010
CS 141-1983
CS 309R-2011
CS 87-1981
CS 117-1981
CS 105-1981
CS 256-2007
CS 319-2015
510 Ammonium chloride
503(ii) Ammonium hydrogen carbonate
CS 291-2010
CS 141-1983
CS 309R-2011
CS 87-1981
CS 117-1981
CS 105-1981
CS 256-2007
CS 319-2015
527 Ammonium hydroxide
CS 291-2010
CS 141-1983
CS 309R-2011
CS 87-1981
CS 117-1981
CS 105-1981
CS 256-2007
CS 319-2015
1100(i) alpha-Amylase from Aspergillus oryzae var.
1100(iv) alpha-Amylase from Bacillus megaterium expressed in Bacillus subtilis
1100(v) alpha-Amylase from Bacillus stearothermophilus expressed in Bacillus subtilis
1100(ii) alpha-Amylase from Bacillus stearothermophilus
1100(iii) alpha-Amylase from Bacillus subtilis
300 Ascorbic acid, L-
CS 291-2010
CS 249-2006
CS 319-2015 (as antioxidant in canned pineapples)
CS 98-1981
CS 256-2007
CS 57-1981
CS 275-1973
CS 251-2006
CS 96-1981
CS 89-1981
CS 97-1981
CS 319-2015 (canned mangoes only)
CS 302-2011
CS 309R-2011
CS 117-1981
CS 13-1981
CS 88-1981
162 Beet red
CS 249-2006
CS 221-2001
CS 283-1978
CS 117-1981
CS 256-2007
CS 319-2015 (special holiday pack canned pears only)
1403 Bleached starch
CS 249-2006
CS 221-2001
CS 309R-2011
CS 273-1968
CS 117-1981
CS 105-1981
CS 275-1973
CS 256-2007
1101(iii) Bromelain
CS 256-2007
CS 117-1981
629 Calcium 5'-guanylate
CS 256-2007
CS 117-1981
633 Calcium 5'-inosinate
CS 256-2007
CS 117-1981
634 Calcium 5'-ribonucleotides
CS 256-2007
CS 117-1981
263 Calcium acetate
CS 291-2010
CS 309R-2011
CS 273-1968
CS 117-1981
CS 275-1973
CS 256-2007
CS 319-2015
404 Calcium alginate
CS 119-1981 (for use in packing media only)
CS 70-1981 (for use in packing media only)
CS 94-1981 (for use in packing media only)
CS 221-2001
CS 273-1968
CS 117-1981
CS 256-2007
CS 275-1973
302 Calcium ascorbate
CS 291-2010
CS 319-2015 (canned mangoes only)
CS 117-1981
CS 256-2007
CS 275-1973
170(i) Calcium carbonate
CS 291-2010
CS 249-2006
CS 221-2001
CS 263-1966, CS 264- 1966, CS 265-1966, CS 266-1966, CS 267-1966, CS 268-1966, CS 269-1967, CS 270-1968, CS 271-1968, CS 272- 1968 (for use in cheese mass only for these standards)
CS 256-2007
CS 275-1973
CS 319-2015
CS 251-2006
CS 252-2006
CS 250-2006
CS 117-1981 (anticaking agents in dehydrated products only)
CS 141-1983
CS 283-1978
CS 87-1981
CS 309R-2011
CS 327-2017 (anticaking agents in ground cumin only)
CS 273-1968
CS 105-1981
509 Calcium chloride
CS 251-2006
CS 250-2006
CS 252-2006
CS 319-2015 (canned mangoes only)
CS 117-1981
CS 256-2007
623 Calcium di-L-glutamate
CS 256-2007
CS 117-1981
578 Calcium gluconate
CS 291-2010
CS 309R-2011
CS 273-1968
CS 117-1981
CS 13-1981
CS 275-1973
CS 57-1981
CS 319-2015
526 Calcium hydroxide
CS 291-2010
CS 141-1983
CS 309R-2011
CS 87-1981
CS 117-1981
CS 105-1981
CS 256-2007
CS 319-2015
327 Calcium lactate
CS 291-2010
CS 249-2006
CS 309R-2011
CS 273-1968
CS 117-1981
CS 275-1973
CS 256-2007
CS 319-2015
352(ii) Calcium malate, D, L-
CS 291-2010
CS 309R-2011
CS 302-2011
CS 273-1968
CS 117-1981
CS 275-1973
CS 256-2007
CS 319-2015
529 Calcium oxide
CS 291-2010
CS 249-2006
CS 309R-2011
CS 117-1981
CS 256-2007
CS 319-2015
282 Calcium propionate
CS 291-2010
CS 221-2001
CS 273-1968
CS 117-1981
CS 275-1973
CS 256-2007
552 Calcium silicate
CS 251-2006
CS 327-2017 (anticaking agents in ground cumin only)
CS 117-1981 (anticaking agents in dehydrated products only)
CS 105-1981
516 Calcium sulfate
CS 291-2010
CS 249-2006
CS 309R-2011
CS 117-1981
CS 256-2007
CS 319-2015
150a Caramel I – plain caramel
CS 249-2006
CS 117-1981
CS 256-2007
CS 319-2015 (special holiday pack canned pears only)
1100(vi) Carbohydrase from Bacillus licheniformis
290 Carbon dioxide
CS 221-2001 (for whipped products only)
CS 291-2010
CS 117-1981
CS 275-1973
CS 256-2007
410 Carob bean gum
CS 249-2006
CS 70-1981 (for use in packing media only)
CS 94-1981 (for use in packing media only)
CS 221-2001
CS 275-1973
CS 256-2007
CS 119-1981 (for use in packing media only)
CS 309R-2011
CS 273-1968
CS 117-1981
CS 105-1981
407 Carrageenan
CS 249-2006
CS 94-1981 (for use in packing media only)
CS 70-1981 (for use in packing media only)
CS 221-2001
CS 256-2007
CS 275-1973
CS 96-1981
CS 252-2006
CS 250-2006
CS 119-1981 (for use in packing media only)
CS 97-1981
CS 309R-2011
CS 273-1968
CS 117-1981
CS 105-1981
427 Cassia gum
CS 309R-2011
CS 117-1981
CS 256-2007
140 Chlorophylls
CS 283-1978 (for green marbled cheeses only)
CS 221-2001
CS 263-1966, CS 264-1966 (for use in cheese mass only for these standards)
CS 117-1981
CS 256-2007
CS 319-2015 (special holiday pack canned pears only)
330 Citric acid
CS 221-2001
CS 119-1981
CS 90-1981
CS 57-1981
CS 319-2015
CS 302-2011
CS 273-1968
CS 13-1981
CS 291-2010
CS 249-2006
CS 70-1981
CS 275-1973
CS 256-2007
CS 94-1981
CS 141-1983
CS 309R-2011
CS 87-1981
CS 117-1981
CS 105-1981
CS 37-1991
472c Citric and fatty acid esters of glycerol
CS 291-2010
CS 309R-2011
CS 319-2015 (canned mangoes only)
CS 117-1981
CS 275-1973
CS 256-2007
468 Cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Cross-linked-cellulose gum)
CS 302-2011
CS 117-1981
CS 256-2007
424 Curdlan
CS 319-2015 (canned mangoes only)
CS 249-2006
CS 117-1981
CS 256-2007
457 Cyclodextrin, alpha-
CS 256-2007
CS 117-1981
458 Cyclodextrin, gamma-
CS 256-2007
CS 117-1981
1504(i) Cyclotetraglucose
1504(ii) Cyclotetraglucose syrup
1400 Dextrins, roasted starch
CS 221-2001
CS 309R-2011
CS 273-1968
CS 117-1981
CS 105-1981
CS 275-1973
CS 256-2007
628 Dipotassium 5'-guanylate
CS 256-2007
CS 117-1981
627 Disodium 5'-guanylate
CS 89-1981
CS 96-1981
CS 249-2006
CS 97-1981
CS 98-1981
CS 302-2011
CS 117-1981
CS 256-2007
631 Disodium 5'-inosinate
CS 89-1981
CS 96-1981
CS 249-2006
CS 97-1981
CS 98-1981
CS 302-2011
CS 117-1981
CS 256-2007
635 Disodium 5'-ribonucleotides
CS 249-2006
CS 117-1981
CS 256-2007
1412 Distarch phosphate
CS 249-2006
CS 221-2001
CS 119-1981
CS 70-1981
CS 275-1973
CS 256-2007
CS 94-1981
CS 309R-2011
CS 273-1968
CS 117-1981
315 Erythorbic Acid (Isoascorbic acid)
CS 291-2010
CS 89-1981
CS 96-1981
CS 97-1981
CS 98-1981
CS 319-2015 (canned mangoes only)
CS 117-1981
CS 256-2007
CS 88-1981
968 Erythritol
CS 256-2007
CS 117-1981
462 Ethyl cellulose
CS 256-2007
CS 117-1981
467 Ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose
CS 309R-2011
CS 117-1981
CS 256-2007
297 Fumaric acid
CS 309R-2011
CS 291-2010
CS 117-1981
CS 256-2007
CS 319-2015
418 Gellan gum
CS 249-2006
CS 117-1981
CS 105-1981
CS 275-1973
CS 256-2007
575 Glucono delta-lactone
CS 263-1966, CS 264- 1966, CS 265-1966, CS 266-1966, CS 267-1966, CS 268-1966, CS 269-1967, CS 270-1968, CS 271-1968, CS 272-1968, CS 274-1969, CS276- 1973, CS277-1973 (for use in cheese mass only for these standards)
CS 291-2010
CS 221-2001
CS 98-1981
CS 275-1973
CS 256-2007
CS 57-1981
CS 319-2015
CS 89-1981
CS 309R-2011
CS 283-1978
CS 273-1968
CS 208-1999
CS 117-1981
CS 13-1981
1102 Glucose oxidase
CS 319-2015 (canned mangoes only)
CS 291-2010
CS 117-1981
CS 256-2007
620 Glutamic acid, L(+)-
CS 249-2006
CS 117-1981
CS 256-2007
422 Glycerol
CS 87-1981
CS 117-1981
CS 256-2007
626 Guanylic acid, 5'-
CS 256-2007
CS 117-1981
412 Guar gum
CS 249-2006
CS 70-1981 (for use in packing media only)
CS 94-1981 (for use in packing media only)
CS 221-2001
CS 275-1973
CS 256-2007
CS 119-1981 (for use in packing media only)
CS 309R-2011
CS 327-2017 (anticaking agents in ground cumin only)
CS 273-1968
CS 117-1981
CS 105-1981
414 Gum arabic (Acacia gum)
CS 249-2006
CS 87-1981
CS 309R-2011
CS 117-1981
CS 105-1981
CS 256-2007
419 Gum ghatti
CS 66-1981 (as a thickener in table olives with stuffing only)
CS 243-2003
CS 296-2009
CS 309R-2011
CS 117-1981
CS 256-2007
507 Hydrochloric acid
CS 291-2010
CS 221-2001
CS 98-1981
CS 275-1973
CS 256-2007
CS 57-1981
CS 319-2015
CS 309R-2011
CS 273-1968
CS 13-1981
463 Hydroxypropyl cellulose
CS 309R-2011
CS 117-1981
CS 256-2007
1442 Hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate
CS 249-2006
CS 221-2001
CS 119-1981
CS 70-1981
CS 275-1973
CS 256-2007
CS 117-1981 (anticaking agents in dehydrated products only)
CS 94-1981
CS 309R-2011
CS 327-2017 (anticaking agents in ground cumin only)
CS 273-1968
464 Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose
CS 309R-2011
CS 117-1981
CS 256-2007
1440 Hydroxypropyl starch
CS 249-2006
CS 221-2001
CS 119-1981
CS 70-1981
CS 256-2007
CS 275-1973
CS 94-1981
CS 309R-2011
CS 273-1968
CS 117-1981
630 Inosinic acid, 5'-
CS 302-2011
CS 117-1981
CS 256-2007
953 Isomalt (Hydrogenated isomaltulose)
CS 87-1981
CS 327-2017 (anticaking agents in ground cumin only)
CS 117-1981 (anticaking agents in dehydrated products only)
CS 105-1981
CS 256-2007
416 Karaya gum
CS 249-2006
CS 221-2001
CS 309R-2011
CS 273-1968
CS 117-1981
CS 105-1981
CS 275-1973
CS 256-2007
425 Konjac flour
CS 309R-2011
CS 117-1981
CS 256-2007
270 Lactic acid, L-, D- and DL-
CS 291-2010
CS 249-2006
CS 221-2001
CS 119-1981
CS 70-1981
CS 275-1973
CS 256-2007
CS 319-2015
CS 94-1981
CS 309R-2011
CS 208-1999
CS 273-1968
CS 117-1981
472b Lactic and fatty acid esters of glycerol
CS 309R-2011
CS 117-1981
CS 256-2007
CS 275-1973
966 Lactitol
CS 309R-2011
CS 87-1981
CS 117-1981
CS 105-1981
CS 256-2007
322(i) Lecithin
CS 291-2010
CS 249-2006
CS 256-2007
CS 275-1973
CS 251-2006
CS 252-2006
CS 250-2006
CS 141-1983
CS 319-2015 (canned mangoes only)
CS 87-1981
CS 309R-2011
CS 117-1981
CS 105-1981
322(ii) Lecithin, partially hydrolysed
CS 291-2010
CS 249-2006
CS 256-2007
CS 66-1981
CS 141-1983
CS 309R-2011
CS 319-2015 (canned mangoes only)
CS 87-1981
CS 117-1981
CS 105-1981
1104 Lipases
CS 256-2007
CS 117-1981
161b(iii) Lutein esters from Tagetes erecta
CS 87-1981 (for use in surface decoration only)
CS 117-1981
CS 256-2007
160d(iii) Lycopene, Blakeslea trispora
CS 117-1981
CS 256-2007
CS 319-2015 (special holiday pack canned pears only)
160d(i) Lycopene, synthetic
CS 117-1981
CS 256-2007
CS 319-2015 (special holiday pack canned pears only)
160d(ii) Lycopene, tomato
CS 117-1981
CS 256-2007
CS 319-2015 (special holiday pack canned pears only)
504(i) Magnesium carbonate
CS 291-2010
CS 263-1966, CS 264- 1966, CS 265-1966, CS 266-1966, CS 267-1966, CS 268-1966, CS 269-1967, CS 270-1968, CS 271-1968, CS 272- 1968 (for use in cheese mass only for these standards)
CS 256-2007
CS 275-1973
CS 319-2015
CS 251-2006
CS 117-1981 (anticaking agents in dehydrated products only)
CS 141-1983
CS 283-1978
CS 87-1981
CS 309R-2011
CS 327-2017 (anticaking agents in ground cumin only)
CS 273-1968
CS 105-1981
511 Magnesium chloride
CS 319-2015 (canned mangoes only)
CS 117-1981
CS 256-2007
625 Magnesium di-L-glutamate
CS 256-2007
CS 117-1981
580 Magnesium gluconate
CS 291-2010
CS 309R-2011
CS 13-1981
CS 117-1981
CS 256-2007
CS 57-1981
CS 319-2015
528 Magnesium hydroxide
CS 291-2010
CS 141-1983
CS 309R-2011
CS 87-1981
CS 117-1981
CS 105-1981
CS 256-2007
CS 319-2015
504(ii) Magnesium hydroxide carbonate
CS 291-2010
CS 117-1981 (anticaking agents in dehydrated products only)
CS 309R-2011
CS 283-1978
CS 327-2017 (anticaking agents in ground cumin only)
CS 273-1968
CS 256-2007
CS 275-1973
CS 319-2015
329 Magnesium lactate, DL-
CS 309R-2011
CS 291-2010
CS 117-1981
CS 256-2007
CS 319-2015
530 Magnesium oxide
CS 291-2010
CS 256-2007
CS 319-2015
CS 251-2006
CS 117-1981 (anticaking agents in dehydrated products only)
CS 141-1983
CS 87-1981
CS 309R-2011
CS 327-2017 (anticaking agents in ground cumin only)
CS 105-1981
553(i) Magnesium silicate, synthetic
CS 251-2006
CS 327-2017 (anticaking agents in ground cumin only)
CS 117-1981 (anticaking agents in dehydrated products only)
CS 105-1981
470(iii) Magnesium stearate
CS 309R-2011
CS 327-2017 (anticaking agents in ground cumin only)
CS 117-1981 (anticaking agents in dehydrated products only)
CS 256-2007
518 Magnesium sulfate
CS 319-2015 (canned mangoes only)
CS 117-1981
CS 256-2007
296 Malic acid, DL-
CS 291-2010
CS 249-2006
CS 221-2001
CS 275-1973
CS 256-2007
CS 319-2015
CS 309R-2011
CS 302-2011
CS 273-1968
CS 117-1981
965(i) Maltitol
CS 309R-2011
CS 87-1981
CS 117-1981
CS 105-1981
CS 256-2007
965(ii) Maltitol syrup
CS 87-1981
CS 309R-2011
CS 117-1981
CS 105-1981
CS 256-2007
421 Mannitol
CS 87-1981
CS 117-1981 (anticaking agents in dehydrated products only)
CS 105-1981
CS 256-2007
1205 Methacrylate copolymer, basic (BMC)
CS 117-1981
461 Methyl cellulose
CS 309R-2011
CS 117-1981
CS 256-2007
465 Methyl ethyl cellulose
CS 309R-2011
CS 117-1981
CS 256-2007
460(i) Microcrystalline cellulose (Cellulose gel)
CS 263-1966, CS 264-1966, CS 265-1966, CS 266-1966, CS 267-1966, CS 268-1966, CS 269-1967, CS 270-1968, CS 271-1968, CS 272-1968 (for surface treatment only, of sliced, cut, shredded or grated cheese for these cheese standards)
CS 117-1981 (anticaking agents in dehydrated products only)
CS 221-2001
CS 283-1978 (for use in sliced, cut, shredded or grated cheese only)
CS 309R-2011
CS 327-2017 (anticaking agents in ground cumin only)
CS 105-1981
CS 256-2007
471 Mono- and di-glycerides of fatty acids
CS 251-2006
CS 249-2006
CS 141-1983
CS 309R-2011
CS 87-1981
CS 117-1981
CS 105-1981
CS 275-1973
CS 256-2007
624 Monoammonium L-glutamate
CS 256-2007
CS 117-1981
622 Monopotassium L-glutamate
CS 256-2007
CS 117-1981
621 Monosodium L-glutamate
CS 89-1981
CS 96-1981
CS 249-2006
CS 97-1981
CS 98-1981
CS 302-2011
CS 90-1981
CS 117-1981
1410 Monostarch phosphate
CS 249-2006
CS 221-2001
CS 119-1981
CS 70-1981
CS 275-1973
CS 256-2007
CS 94-1981
CS 309R-2011
CS 273-1968
CS 117-1981
941 Nitrogen
CS 221-2001 (for whipped products only)
CS 117-1981
CS 256-2007
CS 275-1973
942 Nitrous oxide
CS 319-2015 (canned mangoes only)
CS 291-2010
CS 117-1981
CS 256-2007
423 Octenyl succinic acid (OSA) modified gum arabic
CS 309R-2011
CS 66-1981
CS 254-2007
CS 13-1981
CS 256-2007
1404 Oxidized starch
CS 249-2006
CS 221-2001
CS 119-1981
CS 70-1981
CS 256-2007
CS 275-1973
CS 94-1981
CS 309R-2011
CS 273-1968
CS 117-1981
CS 105-1981
1101(ii) Papain
CS 256-2007
CS 117-1981
440 Pectins
CS 249-2006
CS 70-1981 (for use in packing media only)
CS 94-1981 (for use in packing media only)
CS 221-2001
CS 256-2007
CS 119-1981 (for use in packing media only)
CS 309R-2011
CS 87-1981
CS 273-1968
CS 117-1981
1413 Phosphated distarch phosphate
CS 249-2006
CS 221-2001
CS 119-1981
CS 70-1981
CS 275-1973
CS 256-2007
CS 94-1981
CS 309R-2011
CS 273-1968
CS 117-1981
1200 Polydextroses
CS 87-1981
CS 117-1981
CS 105-1981
CS 256-2007
964 Polyglycitol syrup
CS 117-1981
1202 Polyvinylpyrrolidone, insoluble
CS 256-2007
CS 117-1981
632 Potassium 5’-inosinate
CS 256-2007
CS 117-1981
261(i) Potassium acetate
CS 291-2010
CS 309R-2011
CS 273-1968
CS 117-1981
CS 275-1973
CS 256-2007
CS 319-2015
402 Potassium alginate
CS 70-1981 (for use in packing media only)
CS 94-1981 (for use in packing media only)
CS 221-2001
CS 256-2007
CS 275-1973
CS 96-1981
CS 119-1981 (for use in packing media only)
CS 97-1981
CS 309R-2011
CS 273-1968
CS 117-1981
501(i) Potassium carbonate
CS 291-2010
CS 249-2006
CS 221-2001
CS 256-2007
CS 275-1973
CS 319-2015
CS 251-2006
CS 252-2006
CS 250-2006
CS 141-1983
CS 87-1981
CS 309R-2011
CS 273-1968
CS 117-1981
CS 105-1981
508 Potassium chloride
CS 249-2006
CS 98-1981
CS 256-2007
CS 251-2006
CS 89-1981
CS 250-2006
CS 96-1981
CS 252-2006
CS 97-1981
CS 319-2015 (canned mangoes only)
CS 117-1981
CS 88-1981
332(i) Potassium dihydrogen citrate
CS 291-2010
CS 221-2001
CS 256-2007
CS 57-1981
CS 275-1973
CS 319-2015
CS 251-2006
CS 252-2006
CS 250-2006
CS 302-2011
CS 309R-2011
CS 273-1968
CS 117-1981
CS 13-1981
577 Potassium gluconate
CS 291-2010
CS 309R-2011
CS 273-1968
CS 13-1981
CS 117-1981
CS 256-2007
CS 57-1981
CS 275-1973
CS 319-2015
501(ii) Potassium hydrogen carbonate
CS 291-2010
CS 221-2001
CS 256-2007
CS 275-1973
CS 319-2015
CS 251-2006
CS 252-2006
CS 250-2006
CS 141-1983
CS 87-1981
CS 309R-2011
CS 273-1968
CS 117-1981
CS 105-1981
525 Potassium hydroxide
CS 291-2010
CS 141-1983
CS 309R-2011
CS 87-1981
CS 117-1981
CS 105-1981
CS 256-2007
CS 319-2015
326 Potassium lactate
CS 291-2010
CS 309R-2011
CS 273-1968
CS 117-1981
CS 256-2007
CS 275-1973
CS 319-2015
283 Potassium propionate
CS 291-2010
CS 221-2001
CS 273-1968
CS 117-1981
CS 275-1973
CS 256-2007
515(i) Potassium sulfate
CS 291-2010
CS 309R-2011
CS 117-1981
CS 13-1981
CS 256-2007
CS 57-1981
CS 319-2015
460(ii) Powdered cellulose
CS 263-1966, CS 264-1966, CS 265-1966, CS 266-1966, CS 267-1966, CS 268-1966, CS 269-1967, CS 270-1968, CS 271-1968, CS 272-1968 (for surface treatment only, of sliced, cut, shredded or grated cheese for these cheese standards)
CS 117-1981 (anticaking agents in dehydrated products only)
CS 221-2001
CS 283-1978 (for use in sliced, cut, shredded or grated cheese only)
CS 309R-2011
CS 327-2017 (anticaking agents in ground cumin only)
CS 105-1981
CS 256-2007
407a Processed eucheuma seaweed (PES)
CS 249-2006
CS 70-1981 (for use in packing media only)
CS 94-1981 (for use in packing media only)
CS 275-1973
CS 256-2007
CS 250-2006
CS 119-1981 (for use in packing media only)
CS 252-2006
CS 309R-2011
CS 273-1968
CS 117-1981
280 Propionic acid
CS 291-2010
CS 221-2001
CS 273-1968
CS 117-1981
CS 256-2007
CS 275-1973
1101(i) Protease from Aspergillus orizae var.
CS 256-2007
CS 117-1981
1204 Pullulan
CS 256-2007
CS 117-1981
470(i) Salts of myristic, palmitic and stearic acids with ammonia, calcium, potassium and sodium
CS 309R-2011
CS 327-2017 (anticaking agents in ground cumin only)
CS 117-1981 (anticaking agents in dehydrated products only)
CS 256-2007
CS 275-1973
470(ii) Salts of oleic acid with calcium, potassium and sodium
CS 309R-2011
CS 327-2017 (anticaking agents in ground cumin only)
CS 117-1981 (anticaking agents in dehydrated products only)
CS 275-1973
CS 256-2007
551 Silicon dioxide, amorphous
CS 251-2006
CS 327-2017 (anticaking agents in ground cumin only)
CS 117-1981 (anticaking agents in dehydrated products only)
CS 105-1981
CS 256-2007
350(ii) Sodium DL-malate
CS 291-2010
CS 249-2006
CS 309R-2011
CS 302-2011
CS 273-1968
CS 117-1981
CS 275-1973
CS 256-2007
CS 319-2015
262(i) Sodium acetate
CS 291-2010
CS 249-2006
CS 309R-2011
CS 273-1968
CS 117-1981
CS 275-1973
CS 256-2007
CS 319-2015
401 Sodium alginate
CS 249-2006
CS 70-1981 (for use in packing media only)
CS 94-1981 (for use in packing media only)
CS 221-2001
CS 275-1973
CS 256-2007
CS 119-1981 (for use in packing media only)
CS 96-1981
CS 97-1981
CS 309R-2011
CS 273-1968
CS 117-1981
301 Sodium ascorbate
CS 291-2010
CS 98-1981
CS 275-1973
CS 256-2007
CS 251-2006
CS 89-1981
CS 96-1981
CS 97-1981
CS 319-2015 (canned mangoes only)
CS 117-1981
CS 88-1981
500(i) Sodium carbonate
CS 291-2010
CS 249-2006
CS 221-2001
CS 256-2007
CS 275-1973
CS 319-2015
CS 251-2006
CS 252-2006
CS 250-2006
CS 117-1981 (anticaking agents in dehydrated products only)
CS 141-1983
CS 87-1981
CS 309R-2011
CS 327-2017 (anticaking agents in ground cumin only)
CS 273-1968
CS 105-1981
466 Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Cellulose gum)
CS 249-2006
CS 70-1981 (for use in packing media only)
CS 94-1981 (for use in packing media only)
CS 221-2001
CS 275-1973
CS 256-2007
CS 119-1981 (for use in packing media only)
CS 309R-2011
CS 319-2015 (canned mangoes only)
CS 302-2011
CS 273-1968
CS 117-1981
CS 105-1981
469 Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, enzymatically hydrolysed (Cellulose gum, enzymatically hydrolyzed)
CS 256-2007
CS 117-1981
331(i) Sodium dihydrogen citrate
CS 291-2010
CS 221-2001
CS 98-1981
CS 275-1973
CS 256-2007
CS 57-1981
CS 319-2015
CS 251-2006
CS 89-1981
CS 250-2006
CS 96-1981
CS 252-2006
CS 97-1981
CS 309R-2011
CS 302-2011
CS 273-1968
CS 117-1981
CS 13-1981
316 Sodium erythorbate (Sodium isoascorbate)
CS 89-1981
CS 96-1981
CS 291-2010
CS 97-1981
CS 98-1981
CS 117-1981
CS 88-1981
CS 256-2007
365 Sodium fumarates
CS 291-2010
CS 249-2006
CS 309R-2011
CS 117-1981
CS 256-2007
CS 319-2015
576 Sodium gluconate
CS 117-1981
CS 256-2007
CS 221-2001
350(i) Sodium hydrogen DL-malate
CS 291-2010
CS 309R-2011
CS 98-1981
CS 302-2011
CS 273-1968
CS 256-2007
CS 275-1973
CS 319-2015
500(ii) Sodium hydrogen carbonate
CS 291-2010
CS 249-2006
CS 221-2001
CS 256-2007
CS 275-1973
CS 319-2015
CS 251-2006
CS 252-2006
CS 250-2006
CS 117-1981 (anticaking agents in dehydrated products only)
CS 141-1983
CS 87-1981
CS 309R-2011
CS 327-2017 (anticaking agents in ground cumin only)
CS 273-1968
CS 105-1981
514(ii) Sodium hydrogen sulfate
CS 291-2010
CS 309R-2011
CS 117-1981
CS 256-2007
CS 319-2015
524 Sodium hydroxide
CS 291-2010
CS 141-1983
CS 309R-2011
CS 87-1981
CS 117-1981
CS 105-1981
CS 256-2007
CS 319-2015
325 Sodium lactate
CS 291-2010
CS 249-2006
CS 309R-2011
CS 302-2011
CS 273-1968
CS 117-1981
CS 275-1973
CS 256-2007
CS 319-2015
281 Sodium propionate
CS 291-2010
CS 221-2001
CS 273-1968
CS 117-1981
CS 275-1973
CS 256-2007
500(iii) Sodium sesquicarbonate
CS 291-2010
CS 221-2001
CS 256-2007
CS 275-1973
CS 319-2015
CS 251-2006
CS 250-2006
CS 252-2006
CS 117-1981 (anticaking agents in dehydrated products only)
CS 309R-2011
CS 327-2017 (anticaking agents in ground cumin only)
CS 273-1968
514(i) Sodium sulfate
CS 291-2010
CS 309R-2011
CS 13-1981
CS 117-1981
CS 256-2007
CS 57-1981
CS 319-2015
420(i) Sorbitol
CS 87-1981
CS 249-2006
CS 117-1981
CS 105-1981
CS 256-2007
420(ii) Sorbitol syrup
CS 87-1981
CS 249-2006
CS 117-1981
CS 105-1981
CS 256-2007
1420 Starch acetate
CS 249-2006
CS 221-2001
CS 119-1981
CS 70-1981
CS 275-1973
CS 256-2007
CS 94-1981
CS 309R-2011
CS 273-1968
CS 117-1981
1450 Starch sodium octenyl succinate
CS 309R-2011
CS 249-2006
CS 117-1981
CS 256-2007
1405 Starches, enzyme treated
CS 249-2006
CS 221-2001
CS 309R-2011
CS 273-1968
CS 117-1981
CS 105-1981
CS 275-1973
CS 256-2007
553(iii) Talc
CS 251-2006
CS 327-2017 (anticaking agents in ground cumin only)
CS 117-1981 (anticaking agents in dehydrated products only)
CS 105-1981
CS 256-2007
437 Tamarind seed polysaccharide
CS 249-2006
CS 66-1981 (as a thickener in table olives with stuffing only)
CS 243-2003
CS 119-1981
CS 256-2007
CS 273-1968 (in cheese mass only)
CS 275-1973 (in cheese mass only)
CS 94-1981
CS 296-2009
CS 309R-2011
CS 117-1981
CS 288-1976
417 Tara gum
CS 249-2006
CS 221-2001
CS 273-1968
CS 117-1981
CS 105-1981
CS 275-1973
CS 256-2007
957 Thaumatin
CS 87-1981
CS 117-1981
CS 105-1981
CS 256-2007
171 Titanium dioxide
CS 272-1968 (for use in cheese mass only for these standards)
CS 221-2001
CS 283-1978
CS 117-1981
CS 256-2007
CS 275-1973
CS 319-2015 (special holiday pack canned pears only)
413 Tragacanth gum
CS 70-1981 (for use in packing media only)
CS 94-1981 (for use in packing media only)
CS 221-2001
CS 275-1973
CS 256-2007
CS 119-1981 (for use in packing media only)
CS 309R-2011
CS 273-1968
CS 117-1981
CS 105-1981
1518 Triacetin
CS 309R-2011
CS 117-1981
CS 256-2007
380 Triammonium citrate
CS 291-2010
CS 309R-2011
CS 117-1981
CS 13-1981
CS 256-2007
CS 57-1981
CS 319-2015
333(iii) Tricalcium citrate
CS 291-2010
CS 221-2001
CS 256-2007
CS 57-1981
CS 275-1973
CS 319-2015
CS 250-2006
CS 252-2006
CS 309R-2011
CS 273-1968
CS 13-1981
CS 117-1981
332(ii) Tripotassium citrate
CS 291-2010
CS 221-2001
CS 256-2007
CS 57-1981
CS 319-2015
CS 251-2006
CS 250-2006
CS 252-2006
CS 309R-2011
CS 302-2011
CS 117-1981
CS 13-1981
331(iii) Trisodium citrate
CS 291-2010
CS 249-2006
CS 221-2001
CS 98-1981
CS 256-2007
CS 57-1981
CS 319-2015
CS 251-2006
CS 89-1981
CS 250-2006
CS 96-1981
CS 252-2006
CS 97-1981
CS 309R-2011
CS 302-2011
CS 117-1981
CS 13-1981
415 Xanthan gum
CS 249-2006
CS 70-1981 (for use in packing media only)
CS 94-1981 (for use in packing media only)
CS 221-2001
CS 256-2007
CS 275-1973
CS 119-1981 (for use in packing media only)
CS 309R-2011
CS 273-1968
CS 117-1981
CS 105-1981
967 Xylitol
CS 309R-2011
CS 87-1981
CS 117-1981
CS 105-1981
CS 256-2007

  1. Food Chemistry, H.-D. Belitz & W. Grosch, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 1987, pp. 634-636.

© FAO and WHO 2023