This study sought to understand the impact of contract farming on livelihoods among the small-scale farmers in two study districts of Zvimba and Goromonzi which are located in the Mashonaland Provinces. This was done through examining different levels of income earned between contract and non-contract tobacco growers, food consumption rates, [...]

Interest in contract farming is increasing because of its potential as an alternative channel for linking producers to international markets. However, there is limited knowledge on contract farming of tea production in VietNam, especially in more inaccessible provinces where tea production plays an important role in generating employment, improving livelihood and [...]

This study investigates the impact of contract farming (CF) through cooperatives in tomatoes on employment and economic performance of smallholders in a low‐income developing country. Using farm‐level data from Nepal and a nonparametric matching estimator, the study finds a negative and significant effect of CF on employment. However, CF through [...]

The purpose of this paper is to quantify the benefits of contract farming (CF) on farmers’ income and adoption of food safety measures (FSMs) at the farm level. The paper also investigates the determinants of participation in CF. The study is based on a survey of 600 tomato farmers from [...]

FAO’s previous contribution to the development of contract farming saw the publication in 2015 of the UNIDROIT/FAO/IFAD Legal Guide on Contract Farming, which focused on the bilateral relationship between an agricultural producer and a contractor. This Legislative Study develops that research and focuses on the regulatory frameworks for contract farming, [...]

Le présent étude analyse la mise en place de systèmes d’agriculture sous-contrat (ASC) dans la filière thé. L’objectif est d’évaluer la capacité de l’ASC à lever une partie des contraintes qui continuent de peser sur la filière. Les résultats de l’étude permettent d’orienter la stratégie de libéralisation de la [...]

Food security and agricultural-led industrialisation are pivotal development objectives in Ethiopia. One of the main challenges this country faces is increasing agricultural productivity by integrating smallholder farmers into a high-value agricultural commodity supply chain. This paper examines an integrated project—the Agricultural Value Chains Project in Oromia (AVCPO)—that aims to improve [...]

The Model Agreement for Responsible Contract Farming was developed by FAO and IISD, drawing from the principles of the UNIDROIT/FAO/IFAD Legal Guide on Contract Farming. The Model Agreement is a simple and practical legal tool for buyers and producers to improve their business relations and help make responsible agricultural investment a [...]

Ce modèle d’accord pour une agriculture sous contrat responsable est un outil juridique simple et pratique visant à soutenir la mise en oeuvre des lignes directrices et des principes mondiaux et à faire des investissements responsables une réalité. Il est destiné à résorber certaines des inégalités de l’agriculture sous contrat [...]

The public debate about the right type of agriculture for Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) often constructs a dichotomy between smallholders and large-scale agriculture. This over-simplification ignores some important intermediary forms for organising agriculture, including nucleus-outgrower schemes (NOSs). NOSs promise to combine the benefits of both while potentially reducing, though not avoiding, [...]