Registration:

Process whereby the responsible national government or regional authority approves the sale and use of a pesticide following the evaluation of scientific data aimed at demonstrating that the product is effective for its intended purposes and does not pose an unacceptable risk to human or animal health or the environment under the conditions of use in the country or region. [Source: International Code of Conduct]

Release date:

The date from which the supplier guarantees a shelf-life of at least 2 years, unless stated otherwise, under actual conditions of storage in the area where the technical grade active ingredient or formulation is to be marketed. [Source: JMPS]

Relevant impurity:

By-product of the manufacture or storage of a pesticide which, compared with the active ingredient, is toxicologically significant to health or the environment, is phytotoxic to treated plants, causes taint in food crops, affects the stability of the pesticide, or causes any other adverse effect. Water may be a relevant impurity if it can adversely affect the stability of the pesticide or the manufacture of a satisfactory formulation. Insoluble material may also be a relevant impurity in a TC/TK if formulations to be prepared from them would block spray filters/nozzles, or fail the wet sieve test, for example. An impurity may be non-relevant in one pesticide or product and relevant in another, even though it occurs in both, because relevance is determined by impurity hazards relative to those of the active ingredient. [Source: JMPS]

Reproductive toxicity:

Adverse effects on sexual function and fertility in adult males and females, as well as developmental toxicity in the offspring. Reproductive toxicity is subdivided under two main headings:
a)     Adverse effects on sexual function and fertility; 
b)     Adverse effects on development of the offspring. [Source: GHS]

Residue:

Any specified substances in or on food, agricultural and other types of commodities or animal feed as well as in environmental media including soil, air and water resulting from the use of a pesticide. The term includes any derivatives of a pesticide, such as conversion products, metabolites, breakdown products, reaction products and impurities considered to be of toxicological or ecotoxicological significance. The term "pesticide residue" includes residues from unknown or unavoidable sources (e.g. environmental contamination) as well as known, authorized uses of the chemical. [Source: International Code of Conduct]

Resistance:

Naturally occurring, inheritable adjustment in the ability of individuals in a (pest) population to survive a treatment with plant protection product that would normally give effective control. [Source: FAO Efficacy guidelines]

Respiratory sensitizer:

Substance that will lead to hypersensitivity of the airways following inhalation of the substance. [Source: GHS]

Risk:

Probability and severity of an adverse health or environmental effect occurring as a function of a hazard and the likelihood and the extent of exposure to a pesticide. [Source: International Code of Conduct]

Risk assessment:

A process intended to calculate or estimate the risk to a given target organism, system, or (sub)population, including the identification of attendant uncertainties, following exposure to a particular agent, taking into account the inherent characteristics of the agent of concern as well as the characteristics of the specific target system. The risk assessment process includes four steps: hazard identification, hazard characterization, exposure assessment, and risk characterization. [Source: IPCS/OECD]

Risk characterization:

The qualitative and, wherever possible, quantitative determination, including attendant uncertainties, of the probability of occurrence of known and potential adverse effects of an agent in a given organism, system, or (sub)population, under defined exposure conditions. Risk characterization is the fourth step in the risk assessment process [Source: IPCS/OECD]

Risk management:

Decision-making process involving considerations of political, social, economic, and technical factors with relevant risk assessment information relating to a hazard so as to develop, analyse, and compare regulatory and non-regulatory options and to select and implement appropriate regulatory response to that hazard. [Source: IPCS/OECD]

Risk quotient (RQ):

Ratio of predicted environmental concentration (PEC) to predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC). Note: The higher this value above 1, the greater the risk. If the value is below 1, there should be no risk as a result of the predicted exposure. [Source: IUPAC]