Conservation Agriculture (CA) is a farming system that promotes minimum soil disturbance, permanent soil cover, and diversification of plant species can efficiently increase agricultural productivity while reducing land degradation and improving soil health for more productive, profitable, and sustainable farming. The International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) and the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) recently launched a project called "Understanding and Enhancing Adoption of Conservation Agriculture in Smallholder Farming Systems of Southern Africa (ACASA)", which will apply social and scaling science to understand the biophysical, socioeconomic, institutional, and policy drivers and barriers to the adoption of CA technologies and practices.