Executive summary –  This report outlines the main findings, conclusions and recommendations of the independent evaluation of the second project cycle of the Benefit-sharing Fund (BSF II) of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA). The evaluation focused on the 19 concluded projects funded between 2011 and 2015 under the first batch of BSF II. The evaluation covers the two funding windows of the second project cycle. The Operational Procedures for the use of resources under the direct control of the Treaty’s Governing Body stipulate that “at the conclusion of each project cycle of the BSF, a final evaluation should be conducted”. The purpose of the evaluation was to assess “the extent to which the concluded projects funded through the second cycle of the BSF have helped increase food security and community resilience among vulnerable farmers and the rural population in developing countries through the management and conservation of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (PGRFA)”.