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现在距实现可持续发展目标还剩八年时间。要在后疫情时代实现世界可持续性、复原力及粮食安全与营养目标，迫切需要推动农业粮食体系转型。实现预期转型只能通过强化和利用知识、经验、技能和能力，调动广泛的公共和私营部门参与方采取集体行动，而每一个参与方都具有各自的利益、需求、资源、影响力和能力。“治理”就是在所有各级采取有效和包容的集体行动所需的多维度能力的代名词。在许多国家的具体情况当中，正是治理方面的瓶颈造成了政策预期与实地效果之间存在差距。例如，某项政策措施可能在经济方面很有意义，但如果人们认为它威胁到某个有影响力的利益群体或未能充分兼顾该群体的利益，那么这项措施就很可能无法达到预期效果。因此把握好现有农业粮食体系背后的治理问题 — 包括制度和政治经济两方面 — 就可能成为所有政策或技术支持工作成败的关键。 本文汇总来自粮农组织丰富经验和知识以及全球文献的深刻见解，阐述了一个实操性四阶段框架，用以开展分析并把治理分析和行动整合到国家、区域和全球各级各项措施的制定和实施之中。文章还对有关可持续发展领域治理问题的近期专家思潮进行了评述并着重介绍了粮农组织在自身职责领域内对治理工作的概念性贡献。粮农组织工作中对治理分析的应用不断增加，这将推动循环往复的集体学习过程并对变革潜能进行忠实评估，从而利用在准确把握实地的实际和政策现实的基础上制定的方法对技术解决方案给予补充。治理分析强调持续学习和因地制宜，它将帮助粮农组织大大提高其对成员国政策和技术支持的有效性，推动实现可持续发展，不让任何人掉队。 相关链接： 电子学习：免费在线治理课程（仅英文）

North Macedonia’s ambition to join the European Union requires reforms of the agricultural sector and subsidy system. One major reform is the alignment to the rules of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the European Union on direct payments, including the “decoupling” of direct payments from production quantities. The decoupling of direct payments is likely to have significant impacts on production decisions, prices and therefore on farmer income. This paper identifies four possible scenarios for North Macedonia to align the direct payment scheme to the regulations of the European Union and subsequently analyses the impact of each scenario on farmer [...]

The main objective of the Guidance Note for FAO Country and Regional Offices is to support the process of re-positioning FAO as a strong member of the UN family supporting its Member States in the process of sustainable development through sustainable agrifood systems transformation, ensuring better production, better nutrition, a better environment, and a better life for all, leaving no one behind.This Guidance Note for FAO Country Offices covers information about the importance of the follow-up and review process for the 2030 Agenda and the SDGs, including information about the gaps in the coverage of the Voluntary National Reviews, and [...]

In an effort to assist the Iraqi Government in addressing the challenges currently faced by the displaced farming population in their return to farming, the International Organization on Migration (IOM) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) have agreed to collaborate on a joint study to identify the needs of the displaced population and strategies for restarting agricultural production in conflict-affected rural areas. The study aims to 1) identify the role that agriculture plays as a source of livelihood for internally displaced persons (IDPs) and returnees; 2) understand the drivers, constraints and challenges confronted by displaced and [...]

Legislating for an ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF) is complex, due to the holistic nature of EAF involving multiple factors that underpin the social, economic, environmental, and institutional aspects of fisheries sustainability. These factors include ecosystems integration, risks, inter-sectoral collaboration, research, participatory processes, monitoring, control, surveillance, and enforcement, among others. To assess how the EAF is being implemented through national policy and legal frameworks, FAO developed A diagnostic tool for implementing an ecosystem approach to fisheries through national policy and legal frameworks. The present legal report on the EAF used the diagnostic tool to assess the alignment of selected policy [...]

Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) is a comprehensive system that requires thorough consideration of local climate, natural environment, market demand, economic and cultural environment. FAO introduced CSA at the Hague Conference on Agricultural, Food Security and Climate Change in 2010 and has been strongly supporting it since then. The development of CSA in China contributes to reaching its carbon peak by 2030 and carbon neutrality in China by 2060.This publication introduces China's CSA development and provides policy proposals. It contains four sections: the background and development status of China's CSA; practices and achievements of China's CSA, including analysing case studies such as [...]

The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and government policies to limit its spread are multi-faceted and complex. Market linkages transmit these impacts through economies, from directly affected actors to others in both the urban and rural spheres. Economic contexts, including the structure of local economies, shape the transmission of impacts on rural men and women. Because of this, the pandemic, lockdowns, and mitigation policies influence outcomes in complex ways. In most cases, the magnitudes and even the signs of impacts cannot be determined ex ante. In this study, we use multiple local economy-wide impact evaluation (LEWIE) models to estimate the [...]

Legislating for an ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF) is complex, due to the holistic nature of EAF involving multiple factors that underpin the social, economic, environmental, and institutional aspects of fisheries sustainability. These factors include ecosystems integration, risks, inter-sectoral collaboration, research, participatory processes, monitoring, control, surveillance, and enforcement, among others. To assess how the EAF is being implemented through national policy and legal frameworks, FAO developed A diagnostic tool for implementing an ecosystem approach to fisheries through national policy and legal frameworks. The present legal report on the EAF used the diagnostic tool to assess the alignment of selected policy and [...]

Legislating for the ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF) is complex, due to the holistic nature of the EAF involving multiple factors that underpin the social, economic, environmental, and institutional aspects of fisheries sustainability. These factors include ecosystems integration, risks, inter-sectoral collaboration, research, participatory processes, monitoring, control, surveillance, and enforcement, among others. To assess how the EAF is being implemented through national policy and legal frameworks, FAO developed A diagnostic tool for implementing an ecosystem approach to fisheries through national policy and legal frameworks.The present legal report on the EAF used the diagnostic tool to assess the alignment of selected policy [...]

The project objective was to support the implementation of sustainable forest management in Azerbaijan, increase the social and economic benefits gleaned from forests, improve the quality of existing forests, and increase carbon sequestration. The evaluation found that, despite a broad scope, limited timeline and limited resources, the project addressed and secured full achievement of the most strategic parts under two components. In the future, FAO needs to narrow the scope and focus of similar projects and gradually scale up the project activities in similar strategic dimensions. FAO also needs to reconsider the means of validating co-financing contributions from partners based [...]