Methods and Standards

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In response to a growing demand for high-quality and internationally-comparable statistics, FAO develops, implements and promotes methods and standards to guide national data producers in generating and using sound statistics. In particular, the Organization is committed to provide national statistical systems with internationally recognized definitions, concepts and classifications as well as methodological guidance for the production of high quality statistics related to food and agriculture.

This interface allows you to search for statistical classifications, guidelines and handbooks, technical reports, working papers and methodological documents, and capacity development resources. You can search by SUBJECT (general, agriculture, forestry, fishery and aquaculture, and natural resources) or use the ADVANCED SEARCH to search by keyword, country, language and lead authoring unit/office. Comments, suggestions and inquiries can be addressed to: [email protected].

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You can access here all the statistical guidelines and handbooks, technical reports, working papers and methodological documents, and capacity development resources.

Type a keyword in the free text search box or refine your search by keyword, country, language and lead authoring unit/office. 

Comments, suggestions and inquiries can be addressed to: [email protected].

Contribution of the forest sector to total employment in national economies Estimating the number of people employed in the forest sector

Abstract: Forests and the forest sector are important sources of employment, livelihoods and incomes for millions across the globe, particularly in rural areas. They provide jobs in a wide range of activities related to sustainable forest management, the provision and production of timber and other wood and non-wood forest products, the protection of forest ecosystems and biodiversity, and safeguarding the benefits of forests. Despite the relevance of forests for employment and income generation, limited quantitative information is currently available on the subject. This lack of data makes it challenging to quantify the number of people employed in the forest sector, and their contribution to global employment. Notwithstanding, estimating forest-related employment involves methodological challenges such as the standardization and comparability of data collected, as well as the availability of reliable and detailed employment statistics. This study employs a new method to fill the gaps of missing data points in order to provide sound total employment estimates in the forest sector on a global scale.

Lead authoring unit/office: Forestry Division (NFO)

The number of forest- and tree-proximate people. A new methodology and global estimates

Abstract: Mapping the spatial relationship between forests, trees and the people that live in and around them is key to understanding human-environment interactions. First, quantifying spatial relationships between humans and forests and trees outside forests can help decision-makers develop spatially explicit conservation and sustainable development indicators and policies to target priority areas. This study combined tree cover and human population density data to map the spatial relationship between forests, trees and people on a global scale providing estimates of the number of forest-proximate people and tree-proximate people for 2019. The methodology relies on spatial overlays that combine global-scale remotely sensed data on tree cover (as a proxy for forest cover) and gridded human population data to identify people that live in or close to forests and trees. Evidence on the number and spatial distribution of people living within or near forests and trees outside forests may, therefore, support decision-makers to 1) target projects in priority areas; 2) prioritize among alternative sites; 3) reduce the cost of achieving environmental or socio-economic objectives; 4) improve the effectiveness of monitoring, including by estimating the numbers of people who will be affected or have been affected as a result of an intervention, or affected by biophysical changes to forests (e.g. deforestation, fire or floods); and/or 5) more effectively and assuredly reaching target populations.

Lead authoring unit/office: Forestry Division (NFO)

Towards open and transparent forest data for climate action: Experiences and lessons learned

Abstract: “Building global capacity to increase transparency in the forest sector (CBIT-Forest)” is a project led by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and financed by the Capacity-building Initiative for Transparency (CBIT) trust fund of the Global Environment Facility (GEF) with a lifespan of two and a half years. The global project strengthened the institutional and technical capacities of developing countries to collect, analyze and disseminate forest-related data. It supported countries in meeting the enhanced transparency framework (ETF) requirements of the Paris Agreement and contributed information necessary to track progress related to implementing and achieving their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).

Lead authoring unit/office: Forestry Division (NFO)

SDG-indicator 15.1.1 Metadata

Abstract: This document reflects the latest reference metadata information available on SDG-indicator 15.1.1 "Forest area as a percentage of total land area". Last updated: February 2021.

Lead authoring unit/office: FAO

Forest product conversion factors

Abstract: Forest products conversion factors provides ratios of raw material input to the output of wood-based forest products for 37 countries of the world. Analysts, policymakers, forest practitioners and forest-based manufacturers often have a need for this information for understanding the drivers of efficiency, feasibility and economics of the sector. In addition, conversion factors are often needed to convert from one unit of measure to another. The publication also includes explanations on the units of measure, the drivers of the ratios, as well as information on physical properties of wood-based forest products. Finally, where reported factors were unavailable, factors from other sources are given.

Lead authoring unit/office: FAO

Forests and transparency under the Paris Agreement

Abstract: The objective of this course is to learn about the Enhanced Transparency Framework (EFT) under the Paris Agreement. It will be useful to those wishing to understand the importance of forest-related data collection, analysis and dissemination in meeting the Enhanced Transparency Framework requirements.

Lead authoring unit/office: Forestry Division (NFO)

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Global forest resources assessment 2020 terms and definitions

Abstract: This document contains a comprehensive list of terms and definitions as well as explanatory notes for FRA 2020 reporting variables.

Lead authoring unit/office: Forestry Division (NFO)

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Global Forest Resources Assessment - FRA 2020 - Guidelines and specifications Version 1.0 Working Paper No. 189

Abstract: This document provides information about the country reporting process, including an introduction to the new FRA 2020 on-line reporting platform.  

Lead authoring unit/office: Forestry Division (NFO)

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Proceedings of the FRA 2020 launch: technical meeting of national correspondents and CFRQ partners Toluca, Mexico, 5-9 March 2018

Abstract: Since the formalization of the FRA network of National Correspondents in 2005, FAO has been organizing Global Meeting of National Correspondents with the objectives to officially launch the reporting process and strengthen the National Correspondents network. The first two global meetings for FRA 2005 and FRA 2010 were held in 2003 and 2008 respectively, in Rome at FAO headquarters. The FRA 2015 global meeting of National Correspondents was held in 2013 in Chiang Mai, Thailand and organized in collaboration with the FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Royal Forest Department of Thailand. Building on this positive experience, the FRA 2020 technical meeting of National Correspondent was organized in collaboration with the National Forestry Commission of Mexico (CONAFOR) and with the involvement and support of the Regional Office for South America and the Caribbean and the FAO representation in Mexico. Since the formalization of the FRA network of National Correspondents in 2005, FAO has been organizing Global Meeting of National Correspondents with the objectives to officially launch the reporting process and strengthen the National Correspondents network. The first two global meetings for FRA 2005 and FRA 2010 were held in 2003 and 2008 respectively, in Rome at FAO headquarters. The FRA 2015 global meeting of National Correspondents was held in 2013 in Chiang Mai, Thailand and organized in collaboration with the FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Royal Forest Department of Thailand. Building on this positive experience, the FRA 2020 technical meeting of National Correspondent was organized in collaboration with the National Forestry Commission of Mexico (CONAFOR) and with the involvement and support of the Regional Office for South America and the Caribbean and the FAO representation in Mexico.

Lead authoring unit/office: Forestry Division (NFO)

How to Include the woodfuel supplementary module into existing surveys and derive woodfuel indicators

Abstract: Prepared by the Global Strategy to Improve Agricultural and Rural Statistics (GSARS), this Technical Report is to introduce a revised version of the short form and the long form of the Woodfuel Supplementary Module (WSM); to describe the proposed methodology to incorporate the WSM into existing surveys; and to describe the indicators of consumption and production of woodfuel that can be derived from the data collected.

Lead authoring unit/office: Statistics Division (ESS)

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