These guidelines have four main chapters in addition to an introduction. Chapter 2 presents an overview of three key areas where attention is needed in developing an enabling environment for UPF: governance; policies; and the legal framework. Chapter 2 also provides guidance on planning, designing and managing urban forests to optimize the provision of goods and ecosystem services for local communities. Chapter 3 provides guidelines for maximizing the contributions of urban forests to local and global challenges, such as climate change, food security and human health and well-being, and it describes actions that can be taken at the policy and management levels. Chapter 4 provides an overview of the accompanying measures required for successful UPF programmes and how these can be implemented. Chapter 5 describes some of the actions to be taken to disseminate these guidelines and put them into effect.