The Rural Energy Act of 2005 is a legislative framework established by the Tanzanian government to enhance access to modern energy services in rural Mainland Tanzania. The Act led to the creation of three key entities: 1) Rural Energy Board (REB) - Responsible for overseeing rural energy initiatives and ensuring the coordination and application of national energy policies in rural areas; 2) Rural Energy Agency (REA) - An autonomous body tasked with promoting and facilitating improved access to modern energy services in rural regions; and 3) Rural Energy Fund (REF) - A fund designed to provide grants and subsidies to developers of rural energy projects, aiming to co-finance investments in innovative pilot and demonstration projects, particularly those involving renewable energy.