THE STATE OF THE WORLD’s ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE

THE STATE OF THE WORLD’s
ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES
FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE

 

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    COMMISSION ON GENETIC RESOURCES FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
    FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS
Rome, 2007


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ISBN 978-92-5-105762-9

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Acknowledgements   (Download pdf 1,1Mb)
Preface
The reporting and preparatory process
Executive Summary

ANNEXES

PART 1 - THE STATE OF AGRICULTURAL BIODIVERSITY IN THE LIVESTOCK SECTOR

    SECTION A: Origin and history of livestock diversity  (Download pdf 956Kb)

    1  Introduction
    2  The livestock domestication process
    3  Ancestors and geographic origins of our livestock
    4  Dispersal of domesticated animals
    5  Transformations in livestock following domestication
    6  Conclusions
    References

    SECTION B: Status of animal genetic resources (Download pdf 258Kb)

    1  Introduction
    2  State of reporting
    3  Species diversity
    4  Breed diversity
    5  Risk status of animal genetic resources
    6  Trends in breed status
    7  Conclusions

    SECTION C: Flows of animal genetic resources (Download pdf 1,013Kb)

    1  Introduction
    2  Driving forces and historical phases in gene flows
    3  The big five
    4  Impacts of gene flows on diversity
    References

    SECTION D: Uses and values of animal genetic resources (Download pdf 448Kb)

    1  Introduction
    2  Contribution to national economies
    3  Patterns of livestock distribution
    4  Food production
    5  Production of fibre, skins, hides and pelts
    6  Agricultural inputs, transport and fuel
    7  Other uses and values
    8  Roles of livestock for the poor
    9  Conclusions
    References

    SECTION E: Animal genetic resources and resistance to disease (Download pdf 98Kb)

    1  Introduction
    2  Disease resistant or tolerant breeds
    3  Opportunities for within-breed selection for disease resistance
    4  Conclusions
    References

    SECTION F: Threats to livestock genetic diversity (Download pdf 229Kb)

    1  Introduction
    2  Livestock sector trends: economic, social and policy factors
    3  Disasters and emergencies
    4  Epidemics and disease control measures
    5  Conclusions
    References

PART 2 - LIVESTOCK SECTOR TRENDS

    SECTION A: Drivers of change in the livestock sector  (Download pdf 365Kb)

    1  Changes in demand
    2  Trade and retailing
    3  Changing natural environment
    4  Advances in technology
    5  Policy environment

    SECTION B: Livestock sector’s response (Download pdf 1,078Kb)

    1  Landless industrialized production systems
    2  Small-scale landless systems
    3  Grassland-based systems
    4  Mixed farming systems
    5  Issues in mixed irrigated systems

    SECTION C: Implications of the changes in the (Download pdf 89Kb)
                        livestock sector for genetic diversity
    References

PART 3 - THE STATE OF CAPACITIES IN ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES MANAGEMENT

    SECTION A: Institutions and stakeholders  (Download pdf 406 Kb)

    1  Introduction
    2  Analytical framework
    3  Stakeholders, institutions, capacities and structures
    References
    Annex

    SECTION B: Structured breeding programmes (Download pdf 153Kb)

    1  Introduction
    2  Species priorities and breeding objectives
    3  Organizational structures
    4  Tools and implementation
    5  Overview of breeding programmes by region
    6  Conclusions and future priorities
    References
    Annex

    SECTION C: Conservation programmes (Download pdf 193Kb)

    1  Introduction
    2  Global status
    3  Stakeholders
    4  Conservation at species level – status and opportunities
    5  In vivo and in vitro conservation programmes – regional analysis
    6  Opportunities for improving conservation programmes
    7  Conclusions and priorities
    References

    SECTION D: Reproductive and molecular biotechnology (Download pdf 78Kb)

    1  Introduction
    2  Global overview
    3  Africa
    4  Asia
    5  Europe and the Caucasus
    6  Latin America and the Caribbean
    7  Near and Middle East
    8  North America
    9  Southwest Pacific
    10 Conclusions
    References

    SECTION E: Legislation and regulation (Download pdf 348Kb)

    1  International legal framework – major instruments
    References
    2  Emerging legal issues
    3  Regulatory frameworks at regional level
    Legislation cited
    4  National legislation and policy
    References

PART 4 - STATE OF THE ART IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES

    SECTION A: Basic concepts  (Download pdf 345Kb)

    1  Animal genetic resources and breeds
    2  Management of animal genetic resources
    3  Risk status classification
    References

    SECTION B: Methods for characterization (Download pdf 107Kb)

    1  Introduction
    2  Characterization – as the basis for decision-making
    3  Tools for characterization
    4  Conclusions
    References

    SECTION C: Molecular markers – a tool for (Download pdf 147Kb)
                        exploring genetic diversity

    1  Introduction
    2  The roles of molecular technologies in characterization
    3  Overview of molecular techniques
    4  The role of bioinformatics
    5  Conclusions
    References

    SECTION D: Genetic improvement methods to (Download pdf 323Kb)
                        support sustainable utilization

    1  Introduction
    2  The context for genetic improvement
    3  Elements of a breeding programme
    4  Breeding programmes in high-input systems
    5  Breeding programmes in low-input systems
    6  Breeding in the context of conservation
    7  Conclusions
    References

    SECTION E: Methods for economic valuation (Download pdf 118Kb)

    1  Introduction
    2  Development of methodologies for economic analysis
    3  Application of economic methodologies in animal genetic resources management
    4  Implications for policies and future research
    References

    SECTION F: Methods for conservation (Download pdf 206Kb)

    1  Introduction
    2  Arguments for conservation
    3  The unit of conservation
    4  Conservation of plant versus animal genetic resources
    5  Information for conservation decisions
    6  In vivo conservation
    7  Current status and future prospects for cryoconservation
    8  Resource allocation strategies in conservation
    9  Conclusions
    References

    SECTION G: Research priorities (Download pdf 129Kb)

    1  Information for effective utilization and conservation
    2  Information systems
    3  Molecular methods
    4  Characterization
    5  Genetic improvement methods
    6  Conservation methods
    7  Decision-support tools for conservation
    8  Economic analysis
    9  Access and benefit-sharing

PART 5 - NEEDS AND CHALLENGES IN ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES MANAGEMENT  
 (Download pdf 396Kb)
              

    SECTION A: Knowledge of animal genetic diversity:  
    concepts, methods and technologies

    SECTION B: Capacity in animal genetic resources
    management

    1  Capacity in characterization, sustainable use
        and conservation of animal genetic resources
    2  Capacity in institutions and policy-making

    SECTION C: Major challenges for livestock development
    and animal genetic resources management

    SECTION D: Accepting global responsibility

    Abbreviations and acronyms


ANNEXES


© FAO 2007