Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United
Nations
FAO
CONSERVATION
GUIDE
32
by
R. Bellefontaine, A. Gaston and Y. Petrucci
with the collaboration, for the case studies, of:
Cyrille Kaboré and Kimsé Ouédraogo, Burkina
Faso
Joran Fries and B. A. Näslund, SUAS, Sweden
Werner Gerber, Asunción, Paraguay
Francisco Carnero Barreto Campelo, Recife, Brazil
Meher Homji, Institut français de Pondichéry, India
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The designation employed and the presentation of the material
in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion
whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
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ISBN 92-5-103970-4
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© FAO 2000
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1. Rationale of the study and the issues raised
2. The scope of this paper
3. The countries in questionChapter II: Diversity of Woody-Vegetation Formations and Summary Breakdown
1. The various classifications used
2. Description of the main types of vegetation2.1 Dry deciduous forests
2.2 Thickets
2.3 Open woodlands
2.4 The savannas
2.5 Steppes3. Types of woody-vegetation stands by geographic zone
3.1 Africa: The Sudanian and Sahelian domains
3.2 Africa: The Zambezian domain
3.3 Africa: Madagascar
3.4 America
3.5 AsiaChapter III: Evolutionary Factors in Dry Forests
1. Climatic factors
2. Biological and physical factors
3. Anthropogenic factorsChapter IV: The Concept of Forest Management - Evolution, Principles and Technical Requirements
1. The role and the meaning of forest management
2. Management - the development of different approaches
3. The principles of sustainable management
4. Technical requirements
5. Final general remarks
State of the Art and Tools
Chapter V: State of the Art and Tools - Biology of Forest Species1. Survival strategies
2. Sexual regeneration or reproduction
3. Asexual regeneration or multiplication
4. Species plasticity
5. Biological diversity
6. Maintaining soil fertilityChapter VI: State of the Art and Tools - Forest Resources Evaluation
1.1 Regional or global inventories
1.2 National inventories
1.3 Local inventories2. Estimating forest resources
3. Growth and productivity
4. Some data on productivity
5. Allowable cut and compartment layouts
6. The main technical approaches
7. Measurement of fodder biomass and density of cover
8. Evaluation and monitoring of resources: the new toolsChapter VII: State of the Art and Tools - Silviculture and Silvo-Pastoralism
1. Definition and evolution of the system
2. Silvicultural operations2.1 Thinning and release cutting
2.2 Pruning
2.3 Plantations
2.4 Direct seeding
2.5 Fire-breaks
2.6 Total protection versus early burning3. Harvesting
4. Silvo-pastoralism4.1 Definition of carrying capacity
4.2 Husbandry principles
4.3 Land management
4.4 ImprovementsChapter VIII: State of the Art and Tools - Social Sciences
1. Methods and means of observation
1.1 Describing the ‘socio-economic object’
1.2 Surveys
1.3 The type of information to be collected
1.4 Are GPS and GIS new tools for the social sciences?2. Multiple uses and multiple agents
3. Consideration of socio-economic factors in forest management
3.1 From the land tenure issue to resource management
3.2 Land and forest management4. Management beyond the forest
4.1 Urban development or resetting of links between towns and countryside?
4.2 The management of the ecosystem and the landscape
4.3 Policies and forests
Prospects and Guidelines
Chapter IX: Options and Operational Guidelines1.1 A multidisciplinary team
1.2 Dialogue
1.3 An evolving team2.1 Local management and national development
2.2 Involve all the partners in the long term
2.3 Training and the development of forestry systems
2.4 Seeking self-financing
2.5 Global resource upholding3.1 Technical options associated with the social sciences
3.2 Technical options associated with the forestry approach
3.3 Technical options associated with livestock4. Implementation and monitoring of the management scheme
5. Evaluation of the management schemeChapter X: Criteria and Indicators
1. International initiatives
2. Concepts implemented: criteria and indicators
3. Criteria and indicators for dry tropical africa
4. Implementation1. Background and context
2. Overview of the present state of knowledge
3. Research to be carried out
4. A few recommendations
Case Study 1: The Nazinon Reserved Forest (Burkina Faso)
1. Background to natural forest management
2. Nazinon reserved forest2.1 Brief overview of the forest
2.2 Management project
2.3 Methodology used
2.4 Foundations of the management system
2.5 Participation of the local population
2.6 Financing forest management and the breakdown of revenues
2.7 Priority issues to be settled during phase iii3. Lessons learnt and future prospects
3.1 A new forestry development strategy
3.2 Links between natural forest management and village land management
3.3 Privatization
3.4 Training
3.5 Role of women
3.6 Forestry researchCase Study 2: The Badénou Reserved Forest (Côte d’Ivoire)
1. Introduction
2. Natural environment
3. Plant formations
4. Socio-economic analysis
5. Management of the Badénou reserved forest5.1 Inventory and volume tables
5.2 Forest stands increments and merchantable diameters
5.3 General considerations and objectives
5.4 Spatial organization of the objectives6. Measures to involve the neighbouring populations
6.1 Limiting the extension of agricultural lands
6.2 Supervision of the livestock producers
6.3 Establishment of a Peasants-Forests CommissionCase Study 3: Morondava Forest (West Coast of Madagascar)
1. Management of dry forests in Madagascar
2.1 General conditions
2.2 Socio-economic environment
2.3 Morondava FVTC forest management scheme
2.4 Participation by the riverside populations
2.5 Financing forest management
2.6 Lessons learnt and future prospectsCase Study 4: Niger’s Forest Management Experience
1. Forestry co-operatives in the 1980s
2. Domestic energy strategy
3. DES: Global management objectives through a radical change in operations of the product channels
4. Lessons to be drawn from past experience4.1 Technical constraints
4.2 Organizational constraints
4.3 Land tenure constraints
4.4 Commercial constraints
4.5 Economic and financial constraints
4.6 Constraints linked to the integration of crop farming and animal husbandry5. Forest management assets and their integration within DES
5.1 New forestry legislation
5.2 Creation of paid work and income distribution6. Technical aspects of forest development schemes implemented under DES
6.1 Controlled management of Tientiergou
6.2 ‘Oriented’ forest management at Degma7. Conclusions and future development prospects for the forest management schemes in Niger
Other Projects: India, Brazil and Other Dry Tropical Forest Management Projects