Sender Institution:

Fruit Growing Research-Extension Station Valcea (S.C.D.P. Valcea) 464, Calea Traian str., Rm. Valcea 1000 Romania

Research Project

Title:

"Genetic breeding for hazelnut varieties with late blooming, resistance to low temperatures, high productivity and with quality fruits"

Project Leader:

BOTU I.

Participants:

TURCU E.

Funding Institution:

Ministry of Research and Technology from Romania

Starting Date:

1980

Duration:

20 years (1980-2000)

Project Objectives:

The hazelnut culture in Romania has an economic value and it shows a tendency of increasing the cultivated surface areas. The degree of profitability of this crop depends on the varieties which are grown. For Romania's condititons there is a need for late blooming varieties, with a good resistance to low temperatures, a good productivity (more than 2 000 kg/ha of fruits) and quality fruits (for table and industry use).

Project Summary:

In order to carry out a breeding program, a collection was established with 4 species, 36 varieties, 19 biotypes and 3 mutants. Genitors for the breeding program were selected and 35 hybrid combinations were made from which 4 875 hybrids were obtained. 60 hybrids were selected, propagated and planted on their own roots in the experimental trials for evaluation. `Valcea 22', `Cozia' and `Romavel' varieties were obtained and named and are now commercially distributed. These varieties are productive, they have quality fruits, are resistant to low temperatures and have a relatively late blooming period (`Cozia' and `Romavel').

Related Publications:

(Please add further sheets if needed)

BOTU,I., TURCU,E., IOACHIM,E. 1985. Rezultate obtinute in ameliorarea alunului si unele aspecte privind ereditatea caracterelor la descendenti. Ses. ref. st. ICPP Pitesti, 20-22 Febr. 1985.

COCIU,V., ROMAN,R., TURCU,E. 1988. Selectii de perspectiva la alun. Ses. ref. st. ICPP Pitesti, Febr. 1988.

TURCU,E. 1990. Resursele genetice folosite in programul de ameliore a alunului de la SCPP Valcea. Ses. ref. st. ICPP Pitesti, martie, 1990.

BOTU,I., TURCU,E. 1990. Unele aspecte privind transmiterea caractelor la descendentii de alun (C. avellana) Simp. National Genetica Vegetala si Animala Craiova.

TURCU,E. 1994. Banca de gene din "Corylus avellana". Fondul de germoplasma la speciile pomicole de arbusti fructiferi si capsun existente in Romania. Pitesti.

BOTU,I., TURCU,E. 1994. Colectarea, evaluarea si introducerea resurselor de germoplasma din genul Corylus la SCPP Valcea. Simpozionul International de biotechnologii, Bucuresti.

BOTU,I., TURCU,E., BOTU,M. 1996. Establishing of the offspring transmission capacity of some characters for hazelnut. IV International Congress on Hazelnut, Ordu, Turkey. Acta Horticulturae, 445: 55-64.

Sender Institution:

Fruit Growing Research-Extension Station Valcea (S.C.D.P. Valcea) 464, Calea Traian str., Rm. Valcea 1000 Romania

Research Project

Title:

"Establishment of the favorable zones and the assortment of varieties for hazelnut growing in Romania"

Project Leader:

BOTU I.

Participants:

TURCU E., ACHIM G., CATUSANU C.

Funding Institution:

Ministry of Research and Technology from Romania

Starting Date:

1985

Duration:

20 years (1985-2005)

Project Objectives:

In Romania, the hazelnut culture has a secondary place. The ecological conditions are variable and for this reason it is necessary to establish the zones and microzones which are suitable for hazelnut growing. In the spontaneous flora, large forests are found which are formed by different forms of Corylus avellana. During the last years, more than 30 varieties were introduced from different countries in order to form specific assortments for the most suitable areas for hazelnut.

Project Summary:

The program is focused on the establishment of the favorable zones and microzones for hazelnut culture on the basis of climatic and soil conditions which exists and based on studies concerning the behaviour of Romanian and foreign varieties in different Romanian areas. The plant material was prepared and planted in 6 Research Stations in which their behaviour during the process of growth and bearing is recorded. The zoning and microzoning of the hazelnut culture in Romania is strongly linked with low temperatures in January and February. These range between -11^Oc to -30^oC and the location of the zone is dependent on this factor.

Related Publications:

(Please add further sheets if needed)

TURCU, E., BOTU, I. 1983. Comportarea unor soiuri de alun cultivate in zona dealurilor subcarpatice ale Olteninei. Ses. ref. st. ICPP Pitesti, Febr. 1983.

TURCU, E., BOTU, I. 1996. Behaviour of some hazelnut varieties in the Subcarpantian area of Oltenia-Romania. IV International Congress on Hazelnut, Ordu, Turkey. Acta Horticulturae, 445: 315-144.

BOTU, I., TURCU, E., MIHAESCU, O., IOACHIM, E. 1987. Cultura intensiva a alunului. Bucuresti, 218 pages.

Sender Institution:

Biotechnology Faculty University of Ljubljana Agronomy Department Jamnikarjeva 101, 1111 Ljubljana, Slovenia

Research Project

Title:

"Comparison of different training systems in hazelnut from the aspect of quantity and quality of the yield"

Project Leader:

SOLAR A.

Participants:

ZADRAVEC P., CAKS J.

Funding Institution:

Biotechnical Faculty University of Ljubljana, Agronomy Department Branch Office Maribor, Vinarska 14, 2000 Maribor (Slovenia)

Tel. 386 62 211 755, Fax. 386 62 211 755

Starting Date:

1996

Duration:

10 years

Project Objectives:

In Slovenia, traditional hazelnut orchards include bushes with four to six scafold branches and different density. Productivity is not high because of the low number of plants per hectare (from 400 to 600), particularly in the young stage of plantations and some technological measures (sucker control, application of herbicides in the rows, etc.) are difficult to make.

Because of this, some experimental orchards have been planted in 1994 in which we are planning to compare different training systems: open vase with three to four scafold branches and the height of the trunk 50-60 cm; a similar system with lower trunk (20-30 cm) and hedgerow system. They are compared with the traditional bush training system. The cultivars included in the trials are: `Istarski duguljasti', `Tonda gentile Romana', `Tonda di Giffoni', `Fertile de Coutard', `Tonda Gentile delle Langhe', `Segorbe', `Negret', and `Pauetet'.

Project Summary:

Parameters of vegetative and generative activities of the plants will be collected and compared in the training systems mentioned above. It is expected that an optimal system and corresponding technological measures which assure rational production and quality of hazelnuts will be determined after ten years of observations.

Related Publications:

(Please add further sheets if needed)

Sender Institution:

Biotechnology Faculty University of Ljubljana Agronomy Department Jamnikarjeva 101, 1111 Ljubljana, Slovenia

Research Project

Title:

"Testing and introduction of different foreign hazelnut cultivars"

Project Leader:

SOLAR A.

Participants:

CAKS J.

Funding Institution:

Biotechnical Faculty University of Ljubljana, Agronomy Department Branch Office Maribor, Vinarska 14, 2000 Maribor (Slovenia)

Tel. 386 62 211 755, Fax. 386 62 211 755

Starting Date:

1991

Duration:

10 years

Project Objectives:

The main hazelnut variety in Slovene orchards is `Istraski duguljasti' which was recommended for planting in the past. It is a heavy bearing cultivar with tasty kernels and almost complete resistance to big bud mite (Phytoptus avellanae Nal.). The greatest fault of this cultivar is a long and constricted husk and the level of husk dehiscence which is equal to zero percent. It has long kernels, so it is more suitable for table than industrial use.

Because of the demands of confectionary industry, more than 30 new commercial interesting cultivars have been introduced from different countries. We want to test their generative and vegetative abilities in the pedoclimatic conditions of Slovenia and to choose the best cultivars which could be recommended for commercial planting in our country. Five introduced cultivars (i.e. `Corabel', `Ennis', `Merveille de Bolwiller', `Butler' and `Tonda di Giffoni') are included into the trial we are presenting here.

Project Summary:

After six growing periods we have preliminary results of the test, which concern flowering characteristics, parameters of vegetative activity (growth vigour, dimensions of plants and tendency to sucker); resistance to low temperatures, hazelnut weevil (Curculio mucum L.) and big bud mite (Phytoptus avellanae Nal.); yield and nut characteristics (number of nuts per cluster and total number of nuts per plant, husk morphology and dehiscence, nut size and shape index, nut weight, kernel weight and kernel percentage, percentage of normal and defective nuts, characteristics of pellicle and level of pellicle removal). Tested cultivars in Slovenia show good aclimatization ability. Work will be continued for the next five years.

Related Publications:

(Please add further sheets if needed)

SOLAR, A. 1994. Moznosti pridelovanja lesnikov v Sloveniji. Kmetovalec 62: 43-44.

SOLAR, A. 1995. Slovenski sadni izbor, leska. Popek 1:32-35.

SOLAR, A., STAMPAR, F. 1996. First experiences with some foreign hazelnut cultivars (Corylus avellana L.) in Slovenia. IV. International Congress on Hazelnut, Ordu, Turkey. Acta Horticulturae, 445: 83-89.

Sender Institution:

I.R.T.A. Institut de Recerca i Technologia Agroalimentàries Departament d'Arboricultura Mediterrània Centre de Mas Bové Apartat 415 43280 Reus Spain

Research Project

Title:

"Agronomic and industrial evaluation of hazelnut plant material in Catalonia. Study of new hazelnut technology applications."

Project Leader:

TOUS, J.

Participants:

ROMERO A., ROVIRA M., PLANA J., FERRAN J., DÍEZ I.

Funding Institution:

INIA (Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria)

Starting Date:

1999

Duration:

1999-2002

Project Objectives:

Hazelnut crop improvement in Catalonia (Spain). Selection of cultivars, rootstocks for 'Negret' and improvement of nut quality.

Project Summary:

Different aspects concerning the improvement on hazelnut crop are being studied:

- Agronomic and commercial behaviour in hazelnut cultivars

- Rootstocks of `Negret' cultivar

- Comparison of hazelnut and almond nuts quality

- Technology applications of hazelnut and almond products

Related Publications:

(Please add further sheets if needed)

ARAMBURU, j., ROVIRA, M. 1998. The effects of Apple Mosaic Ilarvirus (ApMV) on hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.). Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology, 73(1):97-101.

TOUS, J., ROMERO, A., PLANA, J., ROVIRA, M., VARGAS, F.J. 1997. Performance of `Negret' hazelnut cultivar on several rootstocks. Acta Horticulturae, 445: 433-440.

ROMERO, A., TOUS, J., PLANA, J., DÍAZ, I., BOATELLA, J. 1996. Commercial quality characterisation of Spanish `Negret' cultivar, Acta Horticulturae, 445: 157-163.

Sender Institution:

I.R.T.A. Institut de Recerca i Technologia Agroalimentàries Departament d'Arboricultura Mediterrània Centre de Mas Bové Apartat 415 43280 Reus Spain

Research Project

Title:

"National plant germplasm of carob, hazelnut, walnut and pistachio"

Project Leader:

BATLLE I.

Participants:

VARGAS F.J., ALETA N., ROVIRA M., TOUS J., CLAVE A., NINOT A., ROMERO M.

Funding Institution:

INIA (Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria)

Starting Date:

1994

Duration:

1994-1996

Project Objectives:

Conservation and characterisation of plant material of four nut and fruit tree species: carob, hazelnut, walnut and pistachio. Also some related species are involved.

Project Summary:

Germplasm of carob, hazelnut, walnut and pistachio cultivars and also some related species are maintained in field collections. Characterisation of accessions is being carried out. There are available passport data for all accessions and for some introductions, mainly hazelnut and walnut. Characterisation plant descriptors are also available.

Related Publications:

(Please add further sheets if needed)

ROVIRA, M., BATLLE, I., ROMERO, M., VARGAS, F.J. 1995. Isoenzymic identification of Pistacia species. Acta Horticulturae, 419:265-272.

VARGAS, F.J., ROMERO, M., PLANA, J., ROVIRA, M., BATLLE, I. 1995. Characterisation and behaviour of pistachio cultivars in Catalonia (Spain). Acta Horticulturae, 419:181-188

TOUS, J., BATLLE, I., ROMERO, M. 1995. Prospección de variedades de algarrobo en Andalucía. ITEA, vool. 91 núm. 3:164-174.

ALETA, N.; NINOT, A., 1995. Field evaluation of J. regia selected clones from seedling population of Mediterranean and Atlantic Spanish coast. III International Walnut Congress. Alcobaça (Portugal). Acta Horticulturae, 442: 63-67.

BATLLE, I., VARGSA, F.J., ROMERO, M., 1996. Natural occurrence, conservation and uses of Pistacia species in Spain. Procedings of the Workshop "Taxonomy, distribution, conservation and use of Pistacia genetic resources". (S. Padulosi, T. Caruso and E. Barone, editors). Report of a Workshop, 29-30 vJune. IPGRI, Rome, Italy.

BATLLE, I., ROVIRA, M., TOUS, J. 1996. Carob germplasm characterisation using isozymes. 3rd. International Carob Symposium Cabanas-Tavira (Portugal). Abstracts, p.10.

ROVIRA, M., 1996. Genetic variability among hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) cultivars. IV International Hazelnut Congress. Ordu (Turkey). Acta Horticulturae, 445: 45-50.

ROVIRA, M., BATLLE, I., ROMERO, M., VARGAS, F.J. 1996. Characterisation of P. vera using isozymes. X Grempa Meeting. Meknes (Marroc).