INLAND FISHERY RESOURCES OF NIGERIA
| CIFA Occasional Paper No. 20 | CIFA/OP20 |
| INLAND FISHERY RESOURCES OF NIGERIA |
by
E.O.Ita
National Institute for Freshwater Fisheries Research
New Bussa, Niger State
Nigeria
PREPARATION OF THIS DOCUMENT
The idea for the preparation of this Occasional Paper originated from discussions in the National Institute for Freshwater Fisheries Research at Kainji, Nigeria, which took place during the mission of Dr.T.Petr, Fishery Resources Officer, FAO, Fisheries Department, Rome, Italy, in August 1990. A second Occasional Paper was prepared by the same author on Non-fish resources of Nigerian lakes and rivers, and is published as CIFA Occasional Paper No. 21.
| Ita, E.O. Inland Fishery Resources of Nigeria. CIFA Occasional Paper No 20. Rome, FAO. 1993. 120p. |
| ABSTRACT |
| This document is a review of the inland fishery resources and fisheries in Nigeria. The major sections deal with fish species diversity in rivers, lakes and reservoirs; fishery resources of the major river and lake systems, their floodplains and wetlands; and reservoirs. In the chapter on management and conservation the author shows the importance of traditional inland fishery management, and discusses the roles of State and Federal Governments. Extension services, credit allocation and fishermen organizations are discussed with a view to suggesting improvements. A short section deals with the current constraints on pond aquaculture offering advice and possible solutions. The impact on fish stocks of the increasing use of water for irrigated agriculture, and of the application of insecticides and herbicides, is highlighted, and the need for enforcement of the new standards for Environment Pollution Control in Nigeria emphasized. |
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FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS
Rome 1993
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2. HYDROLOGY AND INLAND WATER RESOURCES OF NIGERIA
3. FISH SPECIES DIVERSITY IN RIVERS, LAKES, AND RESERVOIRS OF NIGERIA
3.1. Fish species diversity in the major rivers of Nigeria
3.2. Fish species diversity in the major natural lakes, wetlands and their inflowing rivers
3.3. Fish species diversity in the major reservoirs in Nigeria
4. FISHERY RESOURCES OF NIGERIAN INLAND WATERS
4.1. The Niger/Sokoto River basin
4.1.1. Fishing activity in rivers, floodplains, lakes and reservoirs of the Sokoto River basin area
4.2. The Niger/Kaduna River basin
4.2.1. Fishing activity along the Kaduna River and its floodplain
4.3. The Niger/Benue floodplain system
4.3.1. Fish production and fishing activity along the River Niger and the associated floodplains between Jebba and Lokoja
4.3.2. Case study of Lake Ndakolowu
4.3.3. The bunded lagoon experiments for increased fish production along the Middle Niger at Lokoja
4.3.4. Fish production and fishing activity along the River Benue and its floodplains
4.4. Fish production and fishing activity along the Cross River and its floodplains
4.5. Fishery resources of the Anambra and Imo River Basin systems
4.6. Hadejia-Nguru, Komadugu Yobe Wetlands and their fishery resources
4.6.1. Fishery resources of the Hadejia Nguru wetlands
4.7. The Ngadda, Yedseram and El Beid River wetland systems
4.9. Clay-pan type interior wetlands
4.10. Ogun and Oshun Rivers and their floodplains
4.11.1. Reservoir productivity
4.11.2. Estimates of fish landings from Kainji and other reservoirs in Nigeria
4.11.3. Case studies of fisheries of some reservoirs in Nigeria
5. MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION OF INLAND FISHERY RESOURCES IN NIGERIA
5.1. Traditional management strategies in Nigeria
5.2. The role of State and Federal Governments in inland fisheries management
5.3. Management of floodplain and swamp fisheries in Nigeria
5.4. Promulgation and enforcement of Fisheries Edicts in the States
5.5. Resource monitoring, control and surveillance
6. INLAND FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT
6.1. Capture fisheries development
6.1.1. Extension services in the States
6.1.2. Fishermen organisations
6.1.3. Credit facilities for artisanal fishermen in inland waters
6.1.4. Adaptive research and “on farm” demonstration
6.2.1. Extensive culture in the floodplains
6.2.3. Constraints and possible solutions for aquaculture
7. THE IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL AND INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ON WATER QUALITY AND INLAND FISHERIES
7.1 Impact of pesticides on fish and fisheries
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 Major inland water resources of Nigeria
Table 2 Distribution and extent of Nigerian brackish and freshwater bodies
Table 3 Fish species diversity in the major rivers of Nigeria
Table 4 Fish species diversity in natural lakes, wetlands and their inflowing rivers
Table 5 Fish species diversity in reservoirs in Nigeria
Table 6 Estimated fish production along the Niger/Sokoto River floodplain system
Table 7 Distribution of boats and fishermen along the shores of the Cross River
Table 8 Estimated total fish landings along the western and eastern shores of the Cross River between June and August 1985 and April 1986
Table 9 Catch composition from commercial landings along the Cross River
Table 10 Estimated production from some flood ponds within the Anambra/Imo River basin
Table 11 Variation in the conductivity of some Nigerian and other African reservoirs and their major inflowing rivers
Table 12 Artisanal fisheries statistics of some reservoirs in Nigeria
Table 13 Estimates of commercial fish landings per boat and yield in kg/1000 m2 of experimental gillnet in Kainji Lake
Table 14 Observed maximum weight, density and standing crop per hectare (1976) for the major commercial species in Kainji Lake with special reference to gillnet selectivity
Table 15 Percentage number of fish families in gillnet catches at Kainji and Tiga Lakes two years after impounment
Table 16 The mean standing crop per hectare along the littoral zone of Tiga Lake and catch per 1000 m2 of gillnet in 1976 and 1982
Table 17 Percentage composition of fish in Jebba Lake by number in gillnet catches and the relative distribution in the shore, surface and bottom samples
Table 18 Relative composition of fish species in gill-net samples in Shiroro reservoir
Table 19 Relative composition of fish landed by commercial (artisanal) fishermen at Shiroro Lake in April 1985
Table 20 Relative composition of fish species in a multimesh gillnet fleet at IITA reservoir, Ibadan
Table 21 Species composition, density and ichthyomass of fish captured from three stations with rotenone at Bakolori reservoir, Sokoto State
Table 22 The ratio of maximum depth of Secchi disc transparency to maximum depth of euphotic zone in some African reservoirs
Table 23 Comparison of standing stock and density of fish species, and families captured in rotenone samples in Kainji Lake between 1975 and 1976 with those captured in Tiga Lake (1976), Bakolori Lake (1982) and Rima River (1982)
Table 24 Comparison of percentage density of fish families in Kainji, Tiga and Bakolori reservoirs after impoundment and the Rima river before impoundment
Table 25 Dominant fish species in Kainji, Tiga and Bakolori reservoirs with their respective maximum weights as observed in Kainji Reservoir
Table 26 Standard length of major commercially important fish species in Kainiji Lake
Table 27 Financial requirements for establishing a fishery inspectorate unit in a State in Nigeria
Table 28 Number of units for revolving loan administration over a five year period
Table 29 Capital and recurrent expenditure for a revolving loan administration during the first year of administration
Table 30 Financial analysis of the development of a 5-hectare fish farm in Nigeria
Table 31 Financial analysis for a piggery unit to provide organic manure for the fish farm and also supplement the income
Table 32 Financial analysis for arable farming to support an integrated commercial fish and piggery farming system
Table 33 Combined financial projection for integrated fish-cum-piggery-cum crop production
Table 34 Trade names, active ingredients and properties of pesticides commonly used in Nigeria
Table 35 Other herbicides and insecticides produced and distributed by CIBA GEIGY Company in Nigeria
Table 36 Interim effluent limitation guidelines in Nigeria for all categories of industries
Table 37 Lethal limits of organochlorine insecticides to temperate fish
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 Hydrological map of Nigeria showing the major inland waters.
Figure 2 The Sokoto-Rima river basin.
Figure 3 The location of Lake Ndakolowu
Figure 4 Fish landings in relation to catch per 1000 m2 of graded gillnet fleet
Figure 5 The percentage occurrence of fish in nets of different mesh sizes
Figure 6 The percentage composition (by numbers in families) of catches in gillnets at Lake Kainji in 1969–77
Figure 7 Relationship between the ichthyomass and density of fish sampled by rotenone in blocked areas of Kainji Lake in 1976
Figure 8 Organisational chart for fisheries personnel in a typical coastal or inland State of Nigeria