General Information
· Main climates: Tropical Wet, Tropical at 1 000 m above sea, Tropical Desert and Arid, Subtropical Dry summer
· Total land area: 128 522 000 ha
· Internal renewable water resources: 400 km3
· Per capita GNP, 1998: PPP$ 4 180
· Main food consumed: Rice, Sugar & honey, Wheat, Roots & tubers, Oil & fat
· Rice supply, 1999: 76.1 kg paddy/capita/year
Basic Statistics
|
1985 |
1990 |
1995 |
2000 |
RICE |
|
|
|
|
Harvested area (T ha) |
192 |
184 |
203 |
300 |
Yield (kg/ha) |
4557 |
5229 |
5618 |
5549 |
Production (T t) |
878 |
966 |
1141 |
1664 |
Imports (T t) |
22 |
239 |
196 |
NA |
Exports (T t) |
10.20 |
11.00 |
0 |
NA |
OTHERS |
|
|
|
|
Population (M) |
19.49 |
2156 |
23.53 |
NA |
Agr population (M) |
7.23 |
7.52 |
7.64 |
NA |
Irrigated agr area (T ha) |
1170 |
1190 |
1193 |
NA |
Fertiliser cons (T t) |
74 |
125 |
163 |
NA |
Agr tractors in use (T units) |
12 |
12.7 |
13.2 |
NA |
Producing Zones and Cropping Seasons
The Northern Coast is the rice bowl of the country. Rice, however, is also grown in other provinces.
Production zone |
Harvested area (% total harvested area) |
San Martin |
14.33 |
La Libertad |
13.96 |
Piura |
11.52 |
Loreto |
10.94 |
Cajamanca |
9.61 |
Amazonas |
9.17 |
Arequipa |
8.69 |
Lambayeque |
8.19 |
Tumbes |
4.99 |
Madre de Dios |
2.64 |
Ucayali |
2.27 |
Pasco |
1.04 |
Cusco |
0.79 |
Huanucco |
0.56 |
Ayacucho |
0.50 |
Ancash |
0.36 |
Junin |
0.33 |
Puno |
0.11 |
The main rice season lasts from November to about May in next year.
Cropping season |
Planting |
Harvesting |
Main season |
11-2 |
3-5 |
Production Practices
The following figure shows the harvested areas from different ecologies during 1995-2000 period.
Plowing and harrowing of land are usually done under dry conditions with tractors and then puddling is done under wet conditions. Transplanting is the main method of crop establishment in lowland systems. Most of planted rice varieties belong to indica type.
Variety Name |
Released period |
Growth duration (days) |
Alto Mayo 88 |
1988 |
147 |
Amazonas |
1987 |
145 |
BG 90 2 |
NA |
NA |
Capirona |
1995 |
|
Chancay |
1972 |
122 |
CICA 8 |
NA |
130-135 |
Costa Norte |
1992 |
130 |
EL PROVENIR |
|
NA |
Huallaga |
1972 |
|
Huallaga-INIA |
1995 |
160 |
Hurangopampa |
1982 |
|
Inti |
1974 |
132 |
Naylamp |
1971 |
|
PA 2 |
1984 |
140 |
PA 3 |
1984 |
145 |
Peru 65 |
1965 |
|
Porvenir 86 |
1986 |
|
Porvenir-95 INIA |
1995 |
140 |
San Martin 86 |
1986 |
140 |
Selva Alta |
1995 |
140 |
Sican |
1992 |
130 |
Tallan |
1982 |
|
Uqui Hua |
1995 |
|
Viflor |
1982 |
|
Constraints and Issues of Sustainable Production
There are several constraints to sustainable rice production in Peru. Following are the majors:
Limited water supply, low temperature and salinity in coastal zones.
Competition from other high value crops in coastal zones.
Yield potentials of present varieties have reached a plateau.
In interior regions, lack of road and transportation network and poor security situation.
Blast, Rice Hoja Blanca Virus and Sogota.
Weed competition.
Acid soil, aluminum toxicity, and drought stress in upland system in Selva Baja.
The following table shows the rice production costs.
Other information |
Yield (t/ha) |
Cost ($/ha) |
Cost ($/t) |
1983-84, irrigated |
7.09 |
702 |
99 |
Sustainable rice production would depend greatly on the availability of irrigation water. Policies that provide support to the building of new irrigation infrastructures and improvement of the existing ones are needed.
Research and Development Institutes
· Instituto Nacional de Investigacion Agricola (INIA), Av. La 'Universidad s/n EE. La Molina, Lima 14, Peru;Tel 350141; Fax 361282.
· Comite de Agricultores Valle Jequetepeque Guadalupe 165 Pacamayo
· Empresa de Comercializacion del Arroz SA Paseo de la Republica 3101 Lima
· Estacion Experimental Viru A.P. 416 Trujillo Phone: 245154
· Estacion Experimental Vista Florida A.P. 115 Ferrenafe
· Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Promocion Agropecuaria - Norte A.P. 116 Km. 8 Carretera Ferrenafe Chiclayo
· Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Promocion Agropecuaria - Sur-Arequipa Luna Pizarro 136 Vallecito, Arequipa
· Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Promocion Agropecuaria, Estacion Experimental del Chira Cayetano Heredia 402, Castilla Piura
· Universidad Nacional de San Martin - Tarapoto Facultad de Agronomia San Martin
· Universidad Nacional Pedro Ruiz Gallo Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Lambayeque