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1. Summarized results of earlier studies


This annex contains details of the feed conversion ratios (Annex 1, Table 1), proportion of animals fed by commercial aquafeeds (Annex 1, Table 2), fishmeal inclusion rates (Annex 1, Table 3) and fish oil inclusion rates (Annex 1, Table 4) used in earlier studies. Summaries are also provided of previous estimates for fishmeal and fish oil consumption in aquaculture, compared to the current study (Annex 1, Table 5). The actual and forecast global production of fishmeal and oil is presented in Annex 1, Table 6. Finally, previous estimates of the proportion of total supplies of fishmeal (Annex 1, Table 7) and fish oil (Annex 1, Table 8) used by different sectors of the animal feeds industry are summarized.

Table 1. Feed conversion ratios (FCRs) used in earlier studies

SPECIES OR SPECIES GROUP[25]

YEAR

FCR

SOURCE

CARP

1992

2.0

1

1994

2.0

2

1995

2.0

3

2000

2.0

3,4,5,6

2000

1.8

1

2010

1.5

4,5,6

2015

1.5

4

TILAPIA

1992

1.8

1

1995

2.0

3

2000

2.0

3,4,5,6

2000

1.7

1

2010

1.5

4,5,6

2015

1.5

4

CATFISH

1992

1.8

1

1994

1.7

2

1995

1.8

3

2000

1.6

1,3,4,6

2000

1.7

5

2010

1.5

5

2010

1.4

4,6

2015

1.4

4

TROUT

1992

1.5

1

1994

1.3

2

1995

1.5

3

2000

1.4

4

2000

1.3

1,3,5,6

2010

1.1

4

2010

0.9

5

2010

0.8

6

2015

1.0

4

SALMON

1992

1.5

1

1994

1.4

2

1995

1.3

3

2000

1.4

4

2000

1.3

1

2000

1.2

3,5,6

2010

1.1

4

2010

0.9

5

2010

0.8

6

2015

1.0

4

MILKFISH

1992

2.5

1

1995

2.0

3

2000

2.0

1,3,4,5,6

2010

1.6

4,6

2010

1.5

5

2015

1.6

4

EELS

1992

2.0

1

1994

1.9

2

1995

2.0

3

2000

2.0

3,4,5,6

2000

1.8

1

2010

1.5

5

2010

1.2

4,6

2015

1.2

4

MARINE FISH, INCLUDING YELLOWTAILS

1992

2.0

1

1994

1.9-2.0

2

1995

2.0

3

2000

2.2

4

2000

1.8

1,3,5,6

2010

2.0

4

2010

1.5

5,6

2015

1.9

4

OTHER CARNIVOROUS (FRESHWATER & MARINE), INCLUDING GROUPERS

1992

2.0

1

2000

1.8

1

FLATFISH

2000

2.2

4

2000

1.7

5

2000

1.8

1

2000

1.2

6

2010

2.0

4

2010

1.6

5

2010

0.9

6

2015

1.9

4

MARINE SHRIMP

1992

1.8

1

1994

1.8

2

1995

2.0

3

2000

1.8

3,4,5,6

2000

1.6

1

2010

1.6

4,5,6

2015

1.6

4

FRESHWATER PRAWNS

1992

2.2

1

2000

2.0

1

CRABS

2000

1.8

4,5

2010

1.6

4,5

2015

1.6

4

OTHER CRUSTACEA, INCLUDING CRABS

1992

2.0

1

2000

1.8

1

Source: 1. New and Csavas (1995); 2. Pike (1998); 3. Tacon (1998); 4. I.H. Pike, pers. comm. (2000); 5. Chamberlain (2000); 6. Barlow (2000).

Table 2. Estimates from earlier studies of percentage of farmed aquatic animals reared with commercial aquafeeds

SPECIES OR SPECIES GROUP[26]

YEAR

%

SOURCE

CARP

1992

20

1

1994

10

2

1995

20

3

2000

25

1,3,4,5,6

2010

50

4,5,6

2015

50

4

TILAPIA

1992

20

1

1995

35

3

2000

40

3,4,5,6

2000

25

1

2010

70

5

2010

60

4,6

2015

60

4

CATFISH

1992

85

1

1994

100

2

1995

80

3

2000

90

1

2000

85

3,4,5,6

2010

90

4,5,6

2015

90

4

TROUT

1992

100

1

1994

100

2

1995

100

3

2000

100

1,3,4,5,6

2010

100

4,5,6

2015

100

4

SALMON

1992

90

1

1994

100

2

1995

100

3

2000

100

1,3,4,5,6

2010

100

4,5,6

2015

100

4

MILKFISH

1992

15

1

2000

30

3

2000

30

1

2000

40

4,5,6

2010

75

4,5,6

2015

75

4

EELS

1992

80

1

1994

53

2

1995

100

3

2000

100

3

2000

80

1,4,5,6

2010

90

4,5,6

2015

90

4

MARINE FISH, INCLUDING YELLOWTAILS

1992

75

1

1994

40

2

1995

50

3

2000

60

3,4,6

2000

80

1,5

2010

80

4,6

2010

95

5

2015

80

4

OTHER CARNIVOROUS (FRESHWATER AND MARINE), INCLUDING GROUPERS

1992

55

1

2000

60

1

FLATFISH

2000

100

4,5,6

2000

60

1

2010

100

4,5,6

2015

100

4

MARINE SHRIMP

1992

65

1

1994

58

2

1995

75

3

2000

80

3,4,5,6

2000

75

1

2010

90

4,6

2010

95

5

2015

90

4

FRESHWATER PRAWNS

1992

70

1

2000

85

1

CRABS

2000

80

4,5

2010

90

4

2010

95

5

2015

90

4

OTHER CRUSTACEA, INCLUDING CRABS

1992

10

1

2000

20

1

Source: 1. Derived from New and Csavas (1995); 2. Derived from Pike (1998); 3. Tacon (1998); 4. I.H. Pike, pers. comm. (2000); 5. Chamberlain (2000); 6. Barlow (2000).

Table 3. Estimates of the percentage of fishmeal in aquafeeds used in earlier studies

SPECIES OR SPECIES GROUP[27]

YEAR

%

SOURCE

CARP

1992

20

1

1994

15

2

1995

8

3

2000

5

3,5,6

2000

3

4

2000

15

1

2010

5

2

2010

3

4

2010

2.5

6

2010

1

5

2015

3

4

TILAPIA

1992

20

1

1995

15

3

2000

12

3

2000

7

4,5,6

2000

15

1

2010

4

4

2010

3.5

6

2010

3

5

2015

3

4

CATFISH

1992

5

1

1994

4

2

1995

5

3

2000

3

1,3,4,5,6

2010

1

2

2010

0

4,5,6

2015

0

4

TROUT

1992

30

1

1994

38

2

1995

35

3

2000

35

5

2000

30

1,3,4,6

2010

25

2,4,5,6

2015

20

4

SALMON

1992

50

1

1994

50

2

1995

45

3

2000

45

1

2000

40

3,4,5,6

2000

40

5

2010

30

2,4,5,6

2015

25

4

MILKFISH

1992

15

1

1995

15

3

2000

12

3,4,5,6

2000

10

1

2010

5

4,5,6

2015

5

4

EELS

1992

40

1

1994

50

2

1995

50

3

2000

50

3,4,5,6

2000

40

1

2010

40

4,6

2010

35

5

2010

30

2

2015

40

4

MARINE FISH, INCLUDING YELLOWTAILS

1992

60

1

1994

60

2

1995

50

3

2000

45

1,3,4,5,6

2010

40

4,6

2010

35

5

2010

30

2

2015

35

4

OTHER CARNIVOROUS (FRESHWATER AND MARINE), INCLUDING GROUPERS

1992

40

1

2000

40

1

FLATFISH

2000

55

4,5,6

2010

45

4,6

2010

35

5

2015

45

4

MARINE SHRIMP

1992

25

1

1994

26

2

1995

30

3

2000

25

1,3,4,5,6

2010

20

2,4,6

2010

15

5

2015

15

4

FRESHWATER PRAWNS

1992

20

1

1998

10-23

7

2000

15

1

CRABS

2000

25

4,5

2010

20

4

2010

15

5

2015

15

4

OTHER CRUSTACEA, INCLUDING CRABS

1992

20

1

2000

15

1

Source: 1. New and Csavas (1995); 2. Pike (1998); 3. Tacon (1998); 4. I.H. Pike, pers. comm. (2000); 5. Chamberlain (2000); 6. Barlow (2000); 7. New and Valenti (2000).

Table 4. Estimates of the percentage of fish oil in aquafeeds used in earlier studies

SPECIES OR SPECIES GROUP[28]

YEAR

%

SOURCE

CARP

1992

10

1

1994

12

2

1995

1

3

2000

1

3,5,6

2000

0

4

2000

10

1

2010

10

2

2010

1

4

2010

0.5

5,6

2015

1

4

TILAPIA

1992

0

1

1995

1

3

2000

1

1,3,4,5,6

2010

1

2

2010

1

4

2010

0.5

5,6

2015

1

4

CATFISH

1992

2

1

1994

1.5

2

1995

2

3

2000

2

1

2000

1

3,4,5,6

2010

1

2,5,6

2010

0

4

2015

0

4

TROUT

1992

10

1

1994

20

2

1995

20

3

2000

15

4,5,6

2000

10

1,3

2010

25

2

2010

20

6

2010

15

4

2010

18

5

2015

15

4

SALMON

1992

15

1

1994

25

2

1995

25

3

2000

25

4,5,6

2000

20

3

2000

15

1

2010

30

2

2010

20

4,6

2010

17

5

2015

18

4

MILKFISH

1992

7

1

1994

4

2

1995

5

3

2000

3

3,5,6

2000

2

4

2000

7

1

2010

2

4,5,6

2015

2

4

EELS

1992

10

1

1994

10

2

1995

10

3

2000

10

3

2000

5

4,5,6

2000

15

1

2010

10

2,5,6

2010

8

4

2015

8

4

MARINE FISH, INCLUDING YELLOWTAILS

1992

12

1

1994

12

2

1995

15

3

2000

20

3,4,6

2000

12

5

2000

12

1

2010

15

2,4,5,6

2015

10

4

OTHER CARNIVOROUS (FRESHWATER & MARINE), INCLUDING GROUPERS

1992

12

1

2000

12

1

FLATFISH

2000

10

4,5,6

2010

12

4,5,6

2015

10

4

MARINE SHRIMP

1992

3

1

1994

3

2

1995

3

3

2000

2

3,4,5,6

2000

5

1

2010

5

2

2010

3

4,5,6

2015

3

4

FRESHWATER PRAWNS

1992

1

1

2000

2

1

CRABS

2000

2

4,5

2010

3

4,5

2015

3

4

OTHER CRUSTACEA, INCLUDING CRABS

1992

1

1

2000

2

1

Source: 1. New and Csavas (1995); 2. Pike (1998); 3. Tacon (1998); 4. I.H. Pike, pers. comm. (2000); 5. Chamberlain (2000); 6. Barlow (2000).

Table 5. Estimates of current and future fishmeal and fish oil usage in aquaculture (‘000 mt)

FISHMEAL

1986

1992

1995

1999

2000

2010

2015

SOURCE

523




1 000



Wijkstrom and New (1989)


963



1 139



New and Csavas (1995)





1 479 - 1 491

1 477 - 1 788


De Silva (1999)



1 728


1 996



Tacon (1998)




2 091




This study





2 115

2 831


Barlow (2000)





2 316

3 450

4 377

I. H. Pike, pers. comm. (2000)





2 442

4 270


Chamberlain (2000)







4 592

This study


FISH OIL

1986

1992

1995

1999

2000

2010

2015

SOURCE

n.s.




n.s.



Wijkstrom and New (1989)


234



338



New and Csavas (1995)



494


574



Tacon (1998)




662




This study





708

955


Barlow (2000)





716

1 209

1 408

I. H. Pike, pers. comm. (2000)





769

1 787


Chamberlain (2000)







1 862

This study

Table 6. Actual and forecast production of fishmeal and fish oil (‘000 mt)

FISHMEAL

1990-99 AVERAGE[29]

2000

2010

2015

SOURCE

6,526




FAO Fishstat (2001)


6 000-6 500



Wijkstrom and New (1989)


6 500



Tacon (1998)


6 500

6 500

6 500

I. H. Pike, pers. comm. (2000)


FISH OIL

1990-99 AVERAGE[30]

2000

2010

2015

SOURCE

1,283




FAO Fishstat (2001)


1 200



Tacon (1998)


1 300

1 200

1 200

I. H. Pike, pers. comm. (2000)

Table 7. Previous estimates of the proportion of fishmeal consumed by sectors of the animal feedstuffs industry, compared to this study (%)


86

88

94

95

95

98

99

00*

00*

00*

00*

10*

10*

10*

10*

10*

15*

15*

AQUA- CULTURE

8

10

17

15

26

40

32

17

31

36

38

23

45

53

59

66

67

70

PIGS


20

20

25








17



29




POULTRY


60

55

50








48



Nil




OTHER


10

8

10








12



12




REFERENCE

5

1

2

1

4

6

8

5

4

3

7

2

6

3

2

7

3

8

* Projections.

1. New et al. (1995); 2. Pike (1998); 3. I.H. Pike, pers. comm. (2000); 4. Tacon (1998); 5. Wijkstrom and New (1989); 6. Barlow (2000); 7. Chamberlain (2000); 8. This study.

Table 8. Previous estimates of the proportion of fish oil consumed by sectors of the animal feedstuffs industry, compared to this study (%)


1994

1995

1998

1999

2000 *

2000 *

2010 *

2010 *

2015 *

2015 *

AQUACULTURE

26

37

66

49

48

55

75

101

117

145

REFERENCE

1

3

4

5

3

2

4

2

2

5

* Projections.

1. Pike (1998); 2. I.H. Pike, pers. comm. (2000); 3. Tacon (1998); 4. Barlow (2000); 5. This study.


[25] Species included in these categories differ between authors, or are not clearly defined in some cases.
[26] Species included in these categories differ between authors, or are not clearly defined in some cases.
[27] Species included in these categories differ between authors, or are not clearly defined in some cases.
[28] Species included in these categories differ between authors, or are not clearly defined in some cases.
[29] Actual production.
[30] Actual production.

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