|
FAO FISHERIES TECHNICAL PAPER 445 Measuring Capacity in FisheriesEdited by |
|
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS |
|
|
The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations cocerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. |
ISBN 92-5-104974-2
ISSN 0429-9345
All rights reserved. Reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product for educational or other non-commercial purposes are authorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of the material in this information product for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without written permission of the copyright holders. Applications for such permission should be addressed to the Chief, Publishing Management Service, Information Division, FAO, Vialle delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy or by e-mail to [email protected].
© FAO 2003
|
Pascoe, S.; Gréboval, D. (eds.) ABSTRACT This Fisheries Technical Paper contains some selected papers originally presented at the FAO Technical Consultation on the Measurement of Fishing Capacity held in Mexico City in 1999. The 23 papers have been subsequently edited and are presented in four parts. The first part includes papers addressing theoretical considerations and definitions of capacity. The second part includes case studies outlining the existing practice undertaken in some member countries. These case studies do not necessarily represent best practice, but provide an overview of current practice. The third section includes papers that outline alternative methods for deriving output-based measures of capacity. In particular, the papers describe the data envelopment analysis and peak-to-peak techniques. The methods are applied to a number of fisheries for example purpose. The last section contains papers that outline alternative methods for assessing input-based measures of capacity. These include estimation of fishing power, hold capacity and bioeconomic modelling to determine optimal fleet sizes. |
Cover photograph: Fisheries Agency of Japan
Port of Kesen - Numa City, Miyagi, Japan, showing some of the 130 large - scale tuna longlines to be scrapped as part of capacity reduction programme undertaken by the Government of Japan
PART 1: DEFINITIONS AND THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. THE INTERNATIONAL PLAN OF ACTION FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF FISHING CAPACITY
3. APPROACHES AND METHODS FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF FISHING CAPACITY3.1 Definitions
3.2 Indicators of capital stocks and capital services
3.3 Indicators of capacity output and overcapacity
3.4 Alternative approaches to estimating capacity output
3.5 Data and monitoring requirements
3.6 Some unresolved issues on definition and approaches
3.7 Difficulties of application in selected situations4. CONCLUDING REMARKS FOR THE CONSIDERATION OF THE TECHNICAL CONSULTATION
5. REFERENCESFISHING CAPACITY AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES - Gordon R. Munro and Colin W. Clark
1. INTRODUCTION
2. REGULATED OPEN ACCESS FISHERIES: AN ELEMENTARY MODEL2.1 Buy-back programmes and perfectly non-malleable capital
2.2 Regulated open access and the monitoring of TACs3. PURE OPEN ACCESS FISHERIES
4. SPILLOVER EFFECTS
5. CONCLUSIONS
6. REFERENCESCAPACITY AND CAPACITY UTILIZATION IN FISHING INDUSTRIES - James E. Kirkley and Dale Squires
1. INTRODUCTION
2. FISHING CAPACITY2.1 Fisheries literature review
2.2 Capacity and capacity utilization
2.3 Two stocks: capital and resource
2.4 Excess capacity
2.5 The measurement of capacity and the natural resource stock
2.6 Full utilization of variable inputs
2.7 Latent capacity
2.8 Multiple outputs and heterogeneous capital stock
2.9 Multiple fisheries and the level of aggregation3.1 Data envelopment analysis
3.2. DEA and vessel Decommissioning
3.3 The DEA framework
PART 2: CURRENT PRACTICE CASE STUDIES
FISHING CAPACITY AND EUROPEAN UNION FLEET ADJUSTMENT - Erik Lindebo
1. INTRODUCTION
2. FISHING CAPACITY4. STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT OF THE FISHING FLEET
4.1 Framework
4.2 Vessel decommissioning
4.3 Effort reduction
4.4 Vessel renewal and modernization5. MAGP I AND II (1983-91)
6. MAGP III (1992-96)6.1 Objectives
6.2 Fishing effort reduction
6.3 Fleet segmentation7. FLEET DEVELOPMENT
8. CURRENT MAGP IV (1997-2001)9. MAGP V - AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
10. DISCUSSION10.1 Fishing capacity/effort reduction
10.2 Vessel renewal and modernisation
10.3 The Commission's role11. CONCLUDING REMARKS
12. REFERENCES
APPENDIX A. CLASSIFICATION OF STOCKS
APPENDIX B. OBJECTIVES OF MAGP IV - DANISH EXAMPLE
APPENDIX C. STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT EXPENDITURE1. INTRODUCTION
2. HISTORY OF THE FISHERY AND REGULATION
3. SURVEY ANALYSIS
4. CONCLUSIONS
5. REFERENCES1. INTRODUCTION
2. BRIEF REVIEW OF THE RELEVANT STUDIES
3. MEASUREMENT AND EFFICIENCY INCREASE4. STOCK STATUS AND MANAGEMENT MEASURES
5. CAPACITY CONTROL OF PURSE SEINE FISHERY
6. REFERENCES1. INTRODUCTION
2. THE TUNA FISHERY OF THE EASTERN PACIFIC OCEAN
3. THE IATTC WORKING GROUP ON FLEET CAPACITY3.1 Special problems being considered by the IATTC working group
3.2 Criteria for allocating capacity limits in the EPO4. IATTC EFFORTS TO LIMIT FLEET CAPACITY
APPENDIX 1: INTER-AMERICAN TROPICAL TUNA COMMISSION RESOLUTION ON FLEET CAPACITY (October 1998)1. INTRODUCTION
2. PRODUCTIVITY AND PRODUCTION3.1 Growth and changes in the fishing capacity: Fleet types and strength
3.2 Capacity diversification
3.3 Capacity for oceanic tuna fishing
3.4 Assessment of optimum fleet strengthFISHING CAPACITY AND FISHERIES IN PAKISTAN - Muhammad Hayat
1. INTRODUCTION
2. GEO-PHYSICAL FEATURES OF FISHING AREA
3. EXISTING FISHERIES RESOURCES
4. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
5. FISHING BOATS AND FISHING OPERATIONS
6. FISH PRODUCTION AND EXPORT
7. FUTURE DEVELOPMENTAL STRATEGY2.1 Geographical location
2.2 Brief history of the fisheries
2.3 Problems besetting the fisheries3. MANAGEMENT MEASURES AND APPROACHES
4. MONITORING, MEASUREMENT AND ASSESSMENT OF FISHING CAPACITY4.1 Monitoring fishing capacity of all major gears
4.2 Data analyses
4.3 Monitoring the state of fish resources
4.4 Fish conservation and enhancement programmes5.1 Management of sustainable capture fisheries programme
5.2 Fisheries development programmeMONITORING, MEASUREMENT AND ASSESSMENT OF FISHING CAPACITY: THE NIGERIAN EXPERIENCE - A.V. Amire
1. INTRODUCTION
2. COASTAL TOPOGRAPHY AND OCEANOGRAPHY
3. STATUS OF THE MARINE FISHERY3.1 Brackish water fisheries
3.2 Coastal/inshore pelagic fisheries
3.3 Coastal/inshore demersal finfish fishery
3.4 Coastal/inshore demersal shrimp fishery
3.5 Offshore pelagic fishery
3.6 Offshore demersal fishery4.1 Coastal inshore artisanal fisheries
4.2 Inshore trawl fisheries
4.3 Offshore fishery
4.4 Total potential yields5.1 Artisanal coastal/inshore production
5.2 Trawl fisheries production6. ASSESSMENT OF FISHING CAPACITY IN THE NIGERIAN FISHERY
6.1 Artisanal sector
6.2 Inshore trawl fisheries
6.3 Offshore resources7. REGULATION OF EFFORT AND FISHING CAPACITY
7.1 Restriction on fishing gear
7.2 Restriction on fishing areas/closed areas
7.3 Vessel licensing
7.4 Removal of subsidies
7.5 Distribution of fishing effort
7.6 Consultative arrangements8. FISHERIES RESOURCES MONITORING
9. CONCLUSION
10. REFERENCESTHE ASSESSMENT OF FISHING CAPACITY IN MAURITANIA - Chérif Ould Touileb
1. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
2. FISHERIES RESOURCES IN THE MAURITANIAN EEZ
3. DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEMS OF EXPLOITATION
4. MEASUREMENT OF FISHING CAPACITY4.1 Assessment
4.2 Approach to the measurement of fishing capacity
4.3 Necessary Data
PART 3: OUTPUT BASED MESSURES: DEA AND PEACK-TO-PEAK
1. INTRODUCTION
2. CAPACITY AND DEA - DIFFERENT MEASURES
3. THE GILLNET FLEET AND FISHERY- BACKGROUND AND DATA
4. THE REGULATION AND THE REGULATORY PROCESS
5. OVERALL ACCESS LIMITATION
6. DATA
7. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
8. REFERENCES1. INTRODUCTION
2. OVERCAPACITY AND CAPACITY UTILIZATION3. CAPACITY AND THE BRITISH COLUMBIA HALIBUT FISHERY
4. TRADEABLE PROPERTY RIGHTS AND CAPACITY
4.1 Explaining changes in capacity and capacity utilization: 1988-1991
4.2 Explaining changes in capacity and capacity utilization: 1991-19941. INTRODUCTION
2. PENINSULAR MALAYSIAN PURSE SEINE FISHERY
3. EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS3.1 Fishing capacity
3.2 Technical efficiency
3.3 Capacity utilization
3.4 Variable input utilization rate
3.5 Measurement
3.6 Data1. INTRODUCTION
2. THE DEA FRAMEWORK
3. THE UNITED STATES NORTHWEST ATLANTIC SEA SCALLOP FISHERY
4. DATA AND EMPIRICAL STRUCTURE FOR ASSESSING CAPACITY IN THE SCALLOP FISHERY5. CAPACITY, CAPACITY UTILIZATION, AND INPUT UTILIZATION IN THE SEA SCALLOP FISHERY
5.1 Capacity
5.2 Full capacity utilization of inputs
5.3 Abundance and capacity
5.4 Capacity utilization1. INTRODUCTION
2. SIMPLE CAPACITY INDICATORS
3. ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING DATABASES
4. PEAK-TO-PEAK ANALYSIS
5. DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS (DEA)
6. PRELIMINARY MODEL APPLICATIONS TO SELECTED FISHERIES
7. ATLANTIC INSHORE GROUNDFISH7.1 Peak-to-peak analysis
7.2 DEA
7.3 GRT
7.4 Pacific salmon
7.5 Peak-to-peak analysis
7.6 DEA
7.7 Total atlantic inshore fishery
7.8 World capture fisheries8.1 LOA effect
8.2 Area effect
8.3 Gear effect
8.4 Duration effect
PART 4: ALTERNATIVE INPUT BASED MEASURES
1. MEASUREMENT OF FISHING CAPACITY IN CHINESE FISHERY MANAGEMENT
2. DEFINITION OF FISHING CAPACITY AND THE FACTORS AFFECTING FISHING CAPACITY2.1 Fishing time
2.2 Improvement of fishing technology and equipment
2.3 Biomass of resources and their distributions
2.4 Use of variable inputs
2.5 Skill of the skippers
2.6 Sea condition and fishery management3. MEASUREMENT OF FISHING CAPACITY AND EXAMPLES
3.1 Calculation based on capacity of a single fishing method
3.2 Calculation of fishing capacity in multigear fisheries
3.3 Correcting fishing capacity4. AN AGGREGATED WEIGHTED INDEX OF FISHING CAPACITY BASED ON GREY THEORY
4.1 Comparison factors affecting the fishing capacity
4.2 An aggregative weighted index for the fishing capacity1. INTRODUCTION
2. MATERIAL AND METHODS
3. RESULTS
4. DISCUSSION
5. REFERENCES1. INTRODUCTION
2. METHODS
3. RESULTS
4. DISCUSSION1. INTRODUCTION
2 MATERIAL AND METHODS1. INTRODUCTION
2. DATA AND METHOD FOR ANALYSIS
3. RESULTS3.1 Species and quantities of target fishes caught by trawlers
3.2 Characteristic distributions of catch per haul by offshore trawlers
3.3 Characteristic distributions of catch per haul by coastal purse seine1. INTRODUCTION
2. MODEL AND METHODS
3. STOCK FLUCTUATION
4. RESULT