This study is part of the EC-FAO Partnership ProgrammeonInformation and Analysis for Sustainable Forest Management.The overall objective of the partnership is to promote the sustainable management of trees and forests in the tropics on the basis of policies that integrate and balance relevant economic, environmental and social factors. Within this context, it aims to strengthen national capacities to collect, compile and disseminate reliable and up-to-date information on forestry, to improve forestry sector analysis and to make that information more readily available to policy makers. Information and data about wood energy is one of the areas of interest of the programme.
Due to time and resources constraints this study is based on desk studies. Wood energy experts from Cambodia, India, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Viet Nam collected and compiled data in accordance with the FAO Wood Energy Information System (WEIS) and conducted analyses based on the information collected.
The national analyses consisted of two tasks. The first task involved collection and assessment of available secondary data, and the second task involved the analysis of the national wood energy situation based on the data compiled. The consultants were also asked to include assessments of the socio-economic importance of the production, utilization and trade of woodfuels, and the associated ecological and environmental impacts.1
The national consultants were expected to collect historical data on woodfuels consumption and production. They were also directed to collect (to the extent possible) data on factors affecting consumption, such as types of end-users and end uses, and location of users. Detailed data on types of land uses and the tree/wood production systems the woodfuels came from and information on how the sustainable woodfuels production from those sources was estimated were also requested. The consultants were also asked to collect additional information (if it could be found) pertaining to woodfuels flows, conversion technologies and the economic, social and environmental impacts of woodfuels use.2
An overview of the wood energy data submitted in the country reports is shown on Table 1 and Table 2.
The country reports submitted for this regional study show that during the past decade most countries made efforts to improve data and information on wood energy, despite the limited resources available for these types of activities. The improvements achieved so far are discussed in Section 2 of this report. However, a number of limitations and constraints remain, and these are also discussed in the same section.
Table 1. Types of woodfuels consumption data included in the country reports
| Type of Consumption Data | Cambodia | India | Lao PDR | Malaysia | Nepal | Pakistan | Philippines | Sri Lanka | Thailand | Viet Nam |
| Fuelwood | Year of Latest Estimates | |||||||||
|
National total consumption |
2000 |
2000 |
2000 |
No data |
2001 |
2002 |
2002 |
2000 |
2000 |
1998 |
|
- Rural households |
2000 |
2000 |
2000 |
No data |
2001 |
19913 |
20014 |
20005 |
20006 |
1998 |
|
- Urban households |
2000 |
2000 |
2000 |
No data |
2001 |
1991 |
S. F. |
S. F. |
S. F. |
1998 |
|
- Industry & commercial sector |
2000 |
2000 |
2000 |
No data |
2001 |
No data |
2001 |
20007 |
2000 |
1998 |
|
- Institutional & service sector |
2000 |
2000 |
2000 |
No data |
2001 |
No data |
No data |
S. F. |
No data |
1998 |
|
By types of uses |
No data |
No data |
No data |
No data |
2001 |
No data |
No data |
No data |
1996 |
1995 |
|
By administrative region |
No data |
No data |
No data |
No data |
2001 |
No data8 |
No data9 |
No data |
1996 |
1995 |
|
By ecological region |
No data |
No data |
No data |
No data |
2001 |
No data |
No data |
No data |
No data |
1992 |
| Charcoal and Other Woodfuels | ||||||||||
|
National total consumption |
2000 |
2000 |
2000 |
No data |
2001 |
No data |
2002 |
No data |
2000 |
1998 |
|
- Households |
2000 |
No data |
2000 |
No data |
2001 |
1991 |
2001 |
No data |
2000 |
1998 |
|
- Industry & commercial sector |
2000 |
No data |
2000 |
No data |
2001 |
No data |
2001 |
No data |
2000 |
1998 |
|
- Institutional & service sector |
2000 |
No data |
2000 |
No data |
2001 |
No data |
No data |
No data |
No data |
1998 |
|
By types of uses |
No data |
No data |
No data |
No data |
2001 |
No data |
No data |
No data |
1996 |
1995 |
|
By administrative region |
No data |
No data |
No data |
No data |
2001 |
No data |
No data |
No data |
1996 |
1995 |
|
By ecological region |
No data |
No data |
No data |
No data |
2001 |
No data |
No data |
No data |
No data |
1992 |
Note: S.F. = see footnote.
Table 2. Types of woodfuels supply-related data included in the country reports
| Type of supply data | Cambodia | India | Lao PDR | Malaysia | Nepal | Pakistan | Philippines | Sri Lanka | Thailand | Viet Nam |
| Woodfuels from forests | Year of latest estimates | |||||||||
|
- Total area of forests |
1997 |
No data |
2000 |
No data |
2001 |
1992 |
1991 |
No data |
1998 |
2000 |
|
- Areas by type of forest |
1997 |
No data |
2000 |
No data |
No data |
1992 |
1991 |
No data |
1998 |
200010 |
|
- Areas by administrative region |
1997 |
No data |
No data |
No data |
No data |
No data |
No data |
No data |
1998 |
No data |
|
- Estimated total supply of woodfuels |
1997 |
1996 |
No data |
No data |
2001 |
No data |
2002 |
199511 |
2001 |
2000 |
|
- Estimated supply by type of forest |
No data |
No data |
No data |
No data |
2001 |
S. F.12 |
1991 |
1995 |
2001 |
2000 |
|
- Estimated supply by admin regions |
No data |
1996 |
No data |
No data |
2001 |
No data |
No data |
1995 |
No data |
No data |
|
- Estimated production of woodfuels |
No data |
1991 |
No data |
No data |
2001 |
1993 |
1991 |
No data |
No data |
No data |
|
- Recorded production of woodfuels |
No data |
1976 |
No data |
1999 |
2001 |
1998 |
No data |
No data |
No data |
No data |
| Other Types of Land Uses | ||||||||||
|
- Total area of other land types |
1997 |
No data |
2000 |
No data |
2001 |
No data |
1991 |
No data |
No data |
No data |
|
- Areas by administrative region |
1997 |
No data |
No data |
No data |
No data |
No data |
No data |
No data |
No data |
No data |
|
- Estimated total supply of woodfuels |
No data |
No data |
No data |
No data |
2001 |
No data |
2002 |
1995 |
2001 |
2000 |
|
- Estimated supply by land use |
No data |
No data |
No data |
No data |
2001 |
No data |
1991 |
No data |
2001 |
2000 |
|
- Estimated supply by admin regions |
No data |
No data |
No data |
No data |
2001 |
No data |
No data |
1995 |
No data |
No data |
|
- Estimated supply by ecological regions |
No data |
No data |
No data |
No data |
2001 |
No data |
1991 |
1995 |
No data |
1994 |
|
- Estimated production of woodfuels |
No data |
1991 |
No data |
No data |
2001 |
No data |
No data |
No data |
No data |
No data |
| Other Sources | ||||||||||
|
- Wood from conversion of forests |
No data |
No data |
No data |
No data |
No data |
No data |
No data |
No data |
No data |
No data |
|
- Wood wastes - logging & industries |
No data |
No data |
2000 |
No data |
No data |
No data |
No data |
No data |
No data |
2000 |
|
- Recovered wood |
No data |
No data |
No data |
No data |
No data |
No data |
No data |
No data |
No data |
2000 |
|
- Black liquor |
N. A. |
2000 |
N. A. |
No data |
N. A. |
No data |
No data |
No data |
No data |
No data |
1It was not the first time that this kind of exercise was conducted in
the region. Five years ago, the Regional Wood Energy Development Programme
(RWEDP) carried out a similar exercise in the same countries (plus Bangladesh,
Bhutan, China, Indonesia, Maldives and Myanmar).
2The terms of reference for the
national experts contained an itemized list of data to be collected in
conducting a comprehensive wood energy analysis for this study. However, the TOR
recognized the limitations of existing data. The itemized list served as a wood
energy database framework to guide national consultants in broadening their data
gathering activities.
3Only those data in shaded cells were
obtained from primary surveys, all other data were estimated from projections
studies.
4Estimates are for use by overall
household sector, however disaggregated data are available from a 1995 household
energy survey.
5Estimates are for total biomass fuel
use (fuelwood and other biofuels) by all households and commercial
establishments.
6Estimates are for use by overall
household sector, disaggregated data are available for 1996.
7Estimates are for total biomass fuel use by industries only.
8Consumption data for households by provinces were collected from the
1991 survey, but were not included in the country report.
9Consumption data for households by provinces were collected from the
1995 survey, but were not included in the country report.
10Data are also provided by type of forest management.
11Values given are for total biomass, i.e. woodfuels plus other biomass
such as crop wastes.
12Anecdotal information was provided,
citing values obtained from several studies conducted for various years.