TABLE A8
Total factor productivity
Total factor productivity change |
Efficiency change |
Technological change | ||||
1961-1981 |
1981-2000 |
1961-1981 |
1981-2000 |
1961-1981 |
1981-2000 | |
(Average annual percentage change) | ||||||
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES |
-2.6 |
1.7 |
0.0 |
-0.4 |
-2.6 |
2.0 |
ASIA AND THE PACIFIC |
-3.5 |
1.9 |
-0.1 |
-0.6 |
-3.4 |
2.5 |
Bangladesh |
-3.2 |
1.1 |
0 |
0 |
-3.2 |
1.1 |
China, Mainland |
-4.4 |
3.6 |
0 |
0 |
-4.4 |
3.6 |
China, Taiwan Province of |
0.5 |
0.3 |
0 |
0 |
0.5 |
0.3 |
Fiji |
-0.4 |
-0.3 |
-0.1 |
-2.3 |
-0.2 |
2 |
India |
-5.2 |
-1 |
0 |
-2.7 |
-5.2 |
1.7 |
Indonesia |
-0.5 |
-1.1 |
0 |
0 |
-0.5 |
-1.1 |
Korea, Democratic People's Rep. of |
1 |
1.6 |
-1.4 |
1.3 |
2.5 |
0.2 |
Korea, Republic of |
-4.5 |
-1.2 |
0 |
0 |
-4.5 |
-1.2 |
Lao People's Dem. Rep. |
-0.2 |
3.3 |
-0.6 |
1.9 |
0.5 |
1.4 |
Malaysia |
1.8 |
1.5 |
0 |
0 |
1.8 |
1.5 |
Mongolia |
-8.3 |
3.9 |
-0.7 |
1.4 |
-7.7 |
2.5 |
Myanmar |
0 |
1.8 |
0.6 |
0.5 |
-0.6 |
1.3 |
Nepal |
-3.8 |
1.2 |
-0.2 |
0 |
-3.6 |
1.2 |
Pakistan |
-0.7 |
2.7 |
-1.8 |
0.2 |
1.1 |
2.5 |
Philippines |
1.3 |
0.4 |
0 |
0 |
1.3 |
0.4 |
Sri Lanka |
0.7 |
-0.2 |
0.2 |
-1 |
0.6 |
0.8 |
Thailand |
0.2 |
1.4 |
0.2 |
0 |
-0.1 |
1.4 |
Viet Nam |
0.4 |
1 |
-0.2 |
-0.6 |
0.7 |
1.6 |
LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN |
-1.2 |
0.4 |
0.1 |
-0.1 |
-1.3 |
0.5 |
Argentina |
-2.2 |
-3.4 |
0 |
0 |
-2.2 |
-3.4 |
Barbados |
2.9 |
0.9 |
0.3 |
-1.8 |
2.6 |
2.7 |
Belize |
2 |
1 |
1.4 |
-1 |
0.5 |
2 |
Bolivia |
0.6 |
2.6 |
1 |
0 |
-0.4 |
2.6 |
Brazil |
-3 |
1.1 |
0 |
0 |
-3 |
1.1 |
Chile |
1.5 |
2.9 |
-0.2 |
0.1 |
1.7 |
2.8 |
Colombia |
1.4 |
1 |
0.3 |
0 |
1.1 |
1 |
Costa Rica |
2.6 |
2.8 |
1 |
0.3 |
1.6 |
2.4 |
Cuba |
-0.9 |
0.2 |
-1.4 |
-1.6 |
0.5 |
1.8 |
Dominican Republic |
0.2 |
0.5 |
0 |
0 |
0.2 |
0.5 |
Ecuador |
-1.4 |
1.3 |
0 |
0.1 |
-1.3 |
1.2 |
El Salvador |
1.4 |
-0.1 |
0.3 |
-1.3 |
1.1 |
1.2 |
Guadeloupe |
-0.6 |
1.7 |
-2.4 |
0.1 |
1.8 |
1.6 |
Guatemala |
2.1 |
0.8 |
0.7 |
0 |
1.4 |
0.8 |
Guyana |
1.2 |
1.8 |
-0.3 |
0.8 |
1.5 |
1 |
Haiti |
-1.4 |
-0.2 |
0 |
0 |
-1.4 |
-0.2 |
Honduras |
-1.3 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
-0.6 |
-1.6 |
1 |
Jamaica |
0.6 |
1.6 |
0.3 |
-0.8 |
0.2 |
2.4 |
Martinique |
-1.5 |
2.1 |
-1.4 |
0 |
-0.1 |
2.1 |
Mexico |
1.2 |
1.1 |
0.6 |
-0.6 |
0.6 |
1.7 |
Nicaragua |
-4.3 |
1.5 |
-1.2 |
0.7 |
-3.1 |
0.9 |
Panama |
-0.2 |
0.5 |
-1.1 |
-0.5 |
0.9 |
1 |
Paraguay |
-0.5 |
-1.9 |
0 |
0 |
-0.5 |
-1.9 |
Peru |
-0.9 |
2.5 |
-0.9 |
0.5 |
0 |
2 |
Saint Lucia |
-0.7 |
-3 |
0 |
-2.9 |
-0.7 |
-0.2 |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines |
-1 |
0.2 |
-2.9 |
1.4 |
1.9 |
-1.2 |
Suriname |
3.3 |
-4.3 |
1.8 |
-4 |
1.4 |
-0.3 |
Trinidad and Tobago |
-1.6 |
0.5 |
-0.7 |
-1.2 |
-0.9 |
1.7 |
Uruguay |
-1.5 |
0.6 |
0 |
0 |
-1.5 |
0.6 |
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of |
1.8 |
2 |
1.3 |
0.1 |
0.5 |
1.9 |
NEAR EAST AND NORTH AFRICA |
0.6 |
2.4 |
-0.2 |
0.2 |
0.7 |
2.1 |
Afghanistan |
-1.5 |
2.1 |
0.3 |
0 |
-1.7 |
2.1 |
Algeria |
-0.8 |
3.2 |
-2.2 |
1.1 |
1.4 |
2 |
Cyprus |
3.3 |
4.4 |
-0.8 |
0.4 |
4.2 |
4.1 |
Egypt |
1.1 |
2.1 |
0 |
0 |
1.1 |
2.1 |
Iran, Islamic Republic of |
0.2 |
2.3 |
-0.2 |
0 |
0.3 |
2.3 |
Iraq |
-3.1 |
-1 |
-2.3 |
-1.9 |
-0.8 |
0.9 |
Jordan |
-3.4 |
1.6 |
-1 |
-0.1 |
-2.4 |
1.7 |
Lebanon |
3.8 |
2.7 |
0 |
0 |
3.8 |
2.7 |
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya |
4.6 |
4.5 |
3.5 |
2 |
1.1 |
2.4 |
Morocco |
1.7 |
2.9 |
0.6 |
1.2 |
1.1 |
1.7 |
Saudi Arabia |
-3.3 |
4.8 |
-1.9 |
2.4 |
-1.4 |
2.3 |
Syrian Arab Republic |
1.4 |
0.3 |
0 |
-0.1 |
1.4 |
0.4 |
Tunisia |
3.3 |
2 |
0.7 |
2.2 |
2.5 |
-0.2 |
Turkey |
1 |
2.7 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
2.7 |
Yemen |
-10.3 |
2.1 |
-3.3 |
1.6 |
-7.3 |
0.4 |
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA |
-3.7 |
1.9 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
-3.8 |
2.0 |
Angola |
-3.7 |
5.3 |
-3.5 |
4.1 |
-0.2 |
1.1 |
Benin |
0.5 |
2.4 |
0.5 |
0.3 |
0.1 |
2 |
Botswana |
-2.4 |
-2.2 |
-0.2 |
-1 |
-2.2 |
-1.2 |
Burkina Faso |
-9 |
-0.5 |
-1 |
-2.5 |
-8.1 |
2 |
Burundi |
-11.5 |
-0.4 |
0 |
0 |
-11.5 |
-0.4 |
Cameroon |
-6.8 |
1.1 |
0 |
0 |
-6.8 |
1.1 |
Chad |
-3.1 |
0.2 |
0 |
0 |
-3.1 |
0.2 |
Congo |
-2.3 |
-1.4 |
0 |
0 |
-2.3 |
-1.4 |
Côte d'Ivoire |
-4.1 |
1.9 |
0 |
0 |
-4.1 |
1.9 |
Eritrea |
... |
-1.9 |
... |
-2.2 |
... |
0.3 |
Ethiopia |
... |
3.7 |
... |
0 |
... |
3.7 |
Gabon |
-5.2 |
2.9 |
0 |
0 |
-5.2 |
2.9 |
Gambia |
-4.6 |
-0.7 |
-2.8 |
-0.5 |
-1.9 |
-0.2 |
Ghana |
-6.6 |
4.3 |
0 |
0 |
-6.6 |
4.3 |
Guinea |
-2.4 |
-1.4 |
0 |
0 |
-2.4 |
-1.4 |
Kenya |
0.8 |
1.1 |
2.1 |
-0.4 |
-1.3 |
1.5 |
Lesotho |
-2.9 |
-0.5 |
-2.7 |
-1.1 |
-0.2 |
0.6 |
Madagascar |
-0.9 |
0.6 |
0 |
0 |
-0.9 |
0.6 |
Malawi |
-0.8 |
2.6 |
-1.3 |
1.6 |
0.4 |
1 |
Mali |
-5.2 |
-1.6 |
0 |
-2.2 |
-5.2 |
0.6 |
Mauritius |
0.6 |
-0.3 |
0 |
0 |
0.6 |
-0.3 |
Mozambique |
-2.3 |
0.6 |
0 |
-0.2 |
-2.3 |
0.8 |
Niger |
-6.3 |
1.3 |
0 |
0 |
-6.3 |
1.3 |
Nigeria |
-10.5 |
3.6 |
0 |
0 |
-10.5 |
3.6 |
Réunion |
2 |
5.8 |
-1.1 |
2.6 |
3.2 |
3.1 |
Rwanda |
1.6 |
0.6 |
0 |
0 |
1.6 |
0.6 |
Senegal |
-3.4 |
0.2 |
-2.3 |
-0.3 |
-1.1 |
0.5 |
Sierra Leone |
-0.6 |
1.5 |
-0.7 |
1.1 |
0.1 |
0.4 |
Sudan |
-0.7 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
-0.7 |
2 |
Swaziland |
-0.4 |
1.9 |
0.1 |
0.5 |
-0.5 |
1.4 |
Tanzania, United Rep. of |
1.1 |
2.2 |
1.7 |
0 |
-0.6 |
2.2 |
Togo |
-3.6 |
1.3 |
0.4 |
-0.3 |
-3.9 |
1.6 |
Uganda |
1.6 |
-3.8 |
0 |
0 |
1.6 |
-3.8 |
Zambia |
-0.4 |
1.4 |
-0.1 |
-1.2 |
-0.3 |
2.6 |
Zimbabwe |
0.7 |
0.8 |
-0.7 |
-0.4 |
1.4 |
1.3 |
COUNTRIES IN TRANSITION |
... |
1.9 |
... |
0.0 |
... |
1.8 |
Albania |
... |
5.8 |
... |
4 |
... |
1.7 |
Armenia |
... |
7.5 |
... |
7.3 |
... |
0.2 |
Azerbaijan |
... |
8.1 |
... |
6.1 |
... |
1.9 |
Belarus |
... |
-1.7 |
... |
-2.4 |
... |
0.7 |
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
... |
-3.4 |
... |
-2.8 |
... |
-0.7 |
Bulgaria |
... |
4.3 |
... |
1.4 |
... |
2.9 |
Croatia |
... |
2.4 |
... |
0 |
... |
2.4 |
Czech Republic |
... |
-2 |
... |
0 |
... |
-2 |
Estonia |
... |
0.3 |
... |
1.7 |
... |
-1.4 |
Georgia |
... |
-0.4 |
... |
-0.9 |
... |
0.5 |
Hungary |
... |
0 |
... |
0 |
... |
0 |
Kazakhstan |
... |
8.1 |
... |
1.5 |
... |
6.5 |
Kyrgyzstan |
... |
3.9 |
... |
1.5 |
... |
2.1 |
Latvia |
... |
-0.9 |
... |
0 |
... |
-0.9 |
Lithuania |
... |
-2.1 |
... |
-1.3 |
... |
-0.8 |
Macedonia, The former Yugoslav Republic of |
... |
-6.9 |
... |
-4.9 |
... |
-2.1 |
Moldova, Republic of |
... |
5.7 |
... |
2.9 |
... |
2.8 |
Poland |
... |
-0.2 |
... |
0 |
... |
-0.2 |
Romania |
... |
0.6 |
... |
-0.9 |
... |
1.5 |
Russian Federation |
... |
3.3 |
... |
0 |
... |
3.3 |
Serbia and Montenegro |
... |
-1.3 |
... |
0 |
... |
-1.3 |
Slovakia |
... |
-2.4 |
... |
-1.7 |
... |
-0.8 |
Slovenia |
... |
2.3 |
... |
0 |
... |
2.3 |
Tajikistan |
... |
6.1 |
... |
4.2 |
... |
1.8 |
Turkmenistan |
... |
0.7 |
... |
-1.5 |
... |
2.2 |
Ukraine |
... |
2.8 |
... |
0 |
... |
2.8 |
Uzbekistan |
... |
-0.2 |
... |
-1.2 |
... |
1 |
