Agricultural Population

Agricultural Land

22.1 million ha

GDP $130 000 million

Agric. GDP: 22%

GNI per capita: $847

Undernourishment: 23%

Main crops grown:

Policies (regarding plant quarantine)

Yes

No

Does phytosanitary legislation cover domestic quarantine?

x

Does phytosanitary legislation cover import quarantine?

x

Does phytosanitary legislation cover export quarantine?

x

Does phytosanitary legislation cover living modified organisms?

Is plant quarantine a separate organization from animal quarantine?

x

Other policy initiatives (under review/progress)
Revision and updating of Pakistan Plant Quarantine Act and Rules

Web source for further information: www.plantprotection.gov.pk

Organization of Plant
Quarantine Functions

Responsible Organizational Unit
(Ministry/Department/Unit)

Pest Risk Analysis

MINFAL/PPD/PLANT QUARANTINE

National standards development

MINFAL/PPD/PLANT QUARANTINE

International notifications

MINFAL/PPD/PLANT QUARANTINE

Import:

MINFAL/PPD/PLANT QUARANTINE

Import inspections

MINFAL/PPD/PLANT QUARANTINE

Emergency action

MINFAL/PPD/PLANT QUARANTINE

Export:

Phytosanitary certificates

MINFAL/PPD/PLANT QUARANTINE

Treatment of commodities

MINFAL/PPD/PLANT QUARANTINE

Infrastructure

Year: 2005-2006

Number of plant quarantine officers authorized to inspect/certify

22

Total qualified personnel for plant pest risk analysis

2

No. of quarantine offices

Entry points (sea/air/land/mail = total)

13

post-entry plant quarantine containment facilities

10

No. of quarantine service diagnosis laboratories

4

In-country recognized specialist capacity to analyze samples
(incl. universities, etc.)

No. of laboratories for insect/mite (arthropod) samples

9*

No. of laboratories for bacteria samples

02

of laboratories for virus samples

01

of laboratories for fungus samples

9*

of laboratories for mycoplasma samples

01

of laboratories for nematode samples

03

No. of laboratories for plant/weed samples

9*

01

Pest-Free Areas
According to ISPM 10

Responsible Organizational Unit
(Ministry/Department/Unit)

Overall management

–

–

–

– certification

–

List of target pest species and crops ISPM 4

Number of sites in [year]

Fruitfly (Mango, citrus, guava, melon etc.)

–

Bollworm (Cotton)

–

Powdry Mildew (Mango, citrus, melon etc.)

–

Weeds (Rice, wheat and cotton)

–

List of target pest species and crops ISPM 10

Number of sites in [year]

International Trade

Year: 2005-2006

Main Import Plant Commodities

Main countries/areas of origin

Quantity (tons)

Central Independent States (CIS), USA, Egypt etc.

29 252

Australia, Malaysia, China, India, Iran, USA and Canada etc.

Medicinal Herbs

Indonesia, Sri Lanka, China, Thailand and India

Vegetables Seeds

Europe, Egypt, etc.

Main Export Plant Commodities

Main destination countries

United Arab Emirates, African countries, Iran, China, Bahrain, Oman, Kuwait

Fresh and dry Fruits

Middle East, European Countries and Russia

69 379

Fresh Vegetables

Middle East and European Countries

Medicinal Herbs

Indonesia, Sri Lanka

Cooperation Projects

Title (Purpose/Target)

Years (start-end)

Title of government follow-up programmes

Years (start-end)

Institutional Functions

Year: 2005-2006

No. of import permits issued

13 862

Number of import inspections carried out

1

No. of emergency phytosanitary treatments taken on imports

No. notifications of non-compliance

No. of conventional phytosanitary certificates issued

69 379

No. of electronic phytosanitary certificates issued

0

Number of quarantine pests intercepted

Year:

Top three commodities

Top three pest/commodity

# of interceptions

Lists of Regulated Pests

Year of last update

Insects

Pathogens

Plants

Number of quarantine pests

59

68

–

Number of regulated non-quarantine pests

14

57

3

Number of regulated import articles

15**

Web source for further information:

Pest Risk Analysis

Insects

Pathogens

Plants

No. of PRA completed and documented (according to ISPM)

Note: A total of 08 PRA of different crops including Apple, citrus, grapes, mango, onion, potato, rice and wheat are completed for different insects and pathogens but they are being made in conformity ISPM

Main Progress in Recent Years (legislation, policies, infrastructure, investments, training, etc.)

Pakistan Plant Quarantine Rules are under revision. Central Plant Quarantine Laboratory and three regional labs are being completed. Equipment is being installed and recruitment of personnel is under process. A total of 08 PRA of different crops including Apple, citrus, grapes, mango, onion, potato, rice and wheat are completed for different insects and pathogens but they are being made in conformity ISPM.

Main Constraints (personnel, infrastructure, administrative, operational, raining, etc.)

Lack of trained personnel is the major constraints for PRA preparation. Training of personnel is required in collection of information and preparation of different PRA’s according to ISPM.

Implementation of ISPM

Relevance

Implementation

Planned/Actual
Year of full
implementation

International Measures

ISPM 01

x

ISPM 02

ISPM 03

ISPM 04

ISPM 05

ISPM 06

ISPM 07

ISPM 08

ISPM 09

ISPM 10

ISPM 11

ISPM 12

ISPM 13

ISPM 14

ISPM 15

ISPM 16

ISPM 17

ISPM 18

ISPM 19

ISPM 20

ISPM 21

ISPM 22

ISPM 23

ISPM 24

ISPM 25

ISPM 26

ISPM 27

Comments/Constraints

Many areas are identified for full implementation of all ISPM, however, lack of resources/personnel few areas are not fully implemented.

Policies (regarding invasive/migratory species management)

Yes

No

National strategy to control serious field pest outbreaks?

x

National strategy to eradicate serious newly invaded exotic pests?

Other policies: (e.g. subsidies, etc.)
Pest outbreaks are managed by Provincial Agriculture Departments.
However, Federal Government extends advice for controlling these outbreaks.

Web source for further information:

Organization of Outbreak
Management Functions

Responsible Organizational Unit
(Ministry/Department/Unit)

Field/Storage Pest Outbreaks

(e.g. BPH, bollworm, etc.)

Response strategy/plans

Provincial Agriculture Departments

Provincial Agriculture Departments

Provincial Agriculture Departments

Migratory Pest Outbreaks

(e.g. Locusts, birds, armyworm)

Response strategy/plans

MINFAL/PPD/Locust

MINFAL/PPD/Locust

New Exotic Pest Eradication

(e.g. Coconut beetle)

Response strategy/plans

MINFAL/PPD/ Provincial Agriculture Departments

MINFAL/PPD/ Provincial Agriculture Departments

Control/eradication

MINFAL/PPD/ Provincial Agriculture Departments

Reporting to bilateral or international organizations

Infrastructure

Year: 2006

Number of permanent personnel for surveillance of field pests of national importance

~900

Number of permanent personnel for surveillance of migratory and periodically occurring pests

43

Number of permanent personnel for surveillance of invasive species

–

Number of designated staff for control of field pests of national importance

1 500

Number of designated staff for control of migratory and periodically occurring pests

43

Number of designated staff for eradication of invasive species

–

Newly detected invasive species

Insects

Pathogens

Weeds

Total number for year:

–

–

–

Total number for year:

–

–

–

Total number for year:

–

–

–

Give details on eradication or internal quarantine actions against economically important species

Name of species

Year of first discovery

Location of first discovery

Area affected [ha]

Area treated [ha]

Control method

Pest Outbreak Actions

Outbreak 1

Outbreak 2

Outbreak 3

Name of species

Year of outbreak

Area affected [ha]

Estimated damage $

Area treated by government [ha]

Expenditures by government [$]

Control method

More information

Main Progress in Recent Years (legislation, policies, infrastructure, investments, training, etc.)

Survey of fruit fly in different provinces is being undertaken to identify the pests and its distribution. Plant Quarantine Rules are being updated to accommodate surveillance and eradication of different economic pests. Plant Quarantine Lab are strengthen with new equipment. Three projects for establishment of post-entry quarantine, disinfestations of mango fruit fly through vapour heat treatment and recruitment of qualified staff for these projects. It will enhance the capability of the department in surveillance, preparation of PRA and eradication of target pests.

Main Constraints (personnel, infrastructure, administrative, operational, training, etc.)

There is shortage of qualified trained personnel for surveillance and PRA preparation.

Policies (regarding pest management)

Yes

No

Do you have policies encouraging organic or low-pesticide use production

x

Is IPM specifically mentioned in laws or policy documents?

x

Do you have official Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) or any other relevant food safety (ecofood, etc.) standards for pest management?

Is pest management extension separate from general extension?

x

Other policies: (subsidies, production inputs, etc.)
encouragement of biopesticide and banning of extremely hazardous pesticides.

Organization of Plant
Protection Functions

Responsible Organizational Unit
(Ministry/Department/Unit)

Policy development

Pest management research

NARC + Prov. Agriculture Departments

Control recommendations

MINFAL/PPD + Prov. Agriculture Departments

Pest management extension

Prov. Agriculture Departments/Extension Dept.

NARC + Prov. Agriculture Departments

Prov. Agriculture Departments

Infrastructure

Year: 2006

Number of technical officers for pest management

~150

No. of central, regional, provincial or state offices

5

No. of district and village level field offices

150

No. of field/extension agents for pest management advice

~1 500

No. of field/extension agents trained in IPM-FFS facilitation

627

No. of government biocontrol production/distribution facilities

–

Number of government biopesticide production/distribution facilities

8

Number of general extension staff involved in pest management

3 500

Number of designated plant protection technical officers for extension

1 500

Pest Management

Yes

No

Does the country have a National IPM Programme?
If yes, give Name and Address of IPM Programme:
Dr Iftikhar Ahmad, Dep. Dir. NARC, Park Road, Islamabad

x

Does the country have specific IPM extension programmes?
If yes, in which crops?: Cotton

x

Does the country have specific IPM research programmes?
If yes, in which crops?:

x

Does the country have specific GAP extension programmes?
If yes, in which crops?:

Does the country have specific GAP research programmes?
If yes, in which crops?:

Market shares (estimated value, volume or area under control; or percent )

Year: 2005

Size of chemical pest control market

Size of biopesticides market

Size of biological control agents market

Major pest control requiring crops (requiring most pesticide applications)

1^st

2^nd

3^rd

Affected crop

Name(s) of pest(s)

Helicoverpa armigera
Earias insulana
Earias vittella
Pectinophora
gossypiella

Scirpophaga
incertulas
Scirpophaga
nivella

Scirpophaga spp.
Pyrilla spp.

Estimated crop loss

Affected area

2.5 million ha

1.07 million ha

Number of pesticide applications

6 (200-1 000 ml/

or amount of pesticide used

Government action taken

Continuous weekly pests survey reports, guidance to farmers

about weather and pests/diseases, availability of pesticide to the farmers and advised for rational use of pesticides.

Cooperation Projects

Years (start-end)

FAO-EU IPM Programme for Cotton in Asia

2000-2004

Cotton IPM Programme

2000-2004

Purpose/Target of government follow-up programmes

Years (start-end)

National IPM Project

2004-2009

Community IPM Project for Cotton, Punjab

2004-2008

Pest Management Plan, SOFWM, Sindh

2004-2008

FFS/Farm Services Centres, NWFP

2004-2009

Pest Management Extension

Year:

Number of farmers trained in IPM during the year

Number of IPM-FFS conducted during the year

Number of farmers trained in GAP standards during the year

Area under IPM/low pesticide management [ha]

Crops in which successful IPM technologies are implemented:

Area under organic/pesticide-free management [ha]

Crops grown organic/pesticide-free:

Main Progress in Recent Years (legislation, policies, infrastructure, investments, training, etc.)

Federal Government with the coordination of provincial agriculture departments has devised different strategies for pest management of cotton, wheat and rice crop. IPM project is being implemented in cotton in Punjab and Sindh Provinces. A record production of 14.6 million bales of cotton was obtained during 2004-05.

Main Constraints (personnel, infrastructure, administrative, operational, training, etc.)

Cotton leaf curl virus and mealy bug are becoming main constraints in production of cotton which is spreading on all the varieties throughout cotton growing areas.

Policies (regarding pesticide management)

Yes

No

Do you have national pesticide reduction targets?
If yes, what is the target: ____________

x

Have you ratified the Rotterdam (PIC) Convention?

x

Have you ratified the Stockholm (POP) Convention?

x

Have your ratified the Basel Convention? (hazardous wastes)

x

Have your ratified the Montreal Protocol? (MeBr phasing-out)

Have you reported the observance of the Code of Conduct to FAO according to Art. 12 of the Code?

x

Have you adopted Good Laboratory Practices (GLP)?

Pesticide Registration

Do you require pesticides to conform to relevant FAO or WHO specifications?

x

Do you allow the “me-too” registration and sale of generic pesticides?

x

Do you require data on product equivalence for generic registration?

x

Do you conduct country-specific risk assessments for…

occupational risks?

consumer risks?

environmental risks?

Have you adopted the Global Harmonized System (GHS) for pesticides hazards evaluation and labelling?

x

Do you accept evaluation results from other countries?

x

Do you accept field studies conducted in other countries?

x

Do you require environmental fate studies?

x

Incentives/Disincentives

Do you have a special tax on pesticides to cover externality costs?

x

Do you subsidize or provide low-cost pesticides?

x

Do you subsidize or provide low-cost biopesticides?

x

Other policies:

Organization of Plant
Protection Functions

Responsible Organizational Unit
(Ministry/Department/Unit)

Licensing of shops

Agriculture Departments/Provincial

Licensing of field applicators

Enforcement/inspections

Federal/Provinces/District Government

Testing of pesticide efficacy

Agriculture Departments/Provincial

Development of pesticide use recommendations

Federal/Provinces/District Government

Safe use training/extension

Public/Private sector

Food residue monitoring

Environmental monitoring

Federal/Provincial

Health monitoring

Federal/Provincial

Other Stakeholders:

Pesticide Industry Association

Private sector

Civil Society Organizations
(NGO, etc.)

Infrastructure

Year: 2006

Number of registration officers

3

Number of enforcement officers

621

Number of department quality control laboratories

8

Number of quality control laboratory personnel

~50

Number of department residue analysis laboratories

1

Number of residue laboratory personnel

7

Pesticide Trade: 2005

Tons

$ ’000 Value

Domestic Use/Sales

Pesticide Use Profile: 2005

Tons
(a.i./formulation to be specified)

$ ’000 Value

Chem. Insecticides

Chem. Fungicides

Chem. Herbicides

Other purposes

Testing, Quality Control and Effects in the Field

Yes

No

Do you have significant problems with low-quality pesticides in the market?

x

Do you have significant problems with pesticide resistance?

x

Do you have a list of pesticides under close observation for problems

Source for more information: –

Health and Environmental Information

Yes

No

Do you maintain data on pesticide poisoning cases?

x

Do you have a system to monitor pesticide residues in food?

x

Do you have a system to monitor pesticide residues in the environment?

x

Do you have significant problems of environmental contamination from pesticides?

Do you have data on pesticides effects on wildlife and ecosystems?

x

Source for more information: –

Pesticide Disposal

Yes

No

Do you have system to collect and safely dispose of used containers and small quantities of left-over pesticides?

x

Do you have an inventory of outdated and obsolete pesticides in the country? (e.g. banned and no longer traded, but still in storage)

x

Do you have illegal trade in pesticides?
if yes: what is the estimated amount: _______________

x

Source for more information: –

Registration/Regulation/Monitoring

Year: 2005

a.i.*

Trade Name

No of registered pesticide products

220

No. of registered biopesticides (Avamectrin, Bt, Neem, etc.)

10

No of restricted-use pesticides/formulations

1

No. of banned pesticides

25

No. of licensed outlets

~ 2 600

No. of licensed field applicators (professional and/or farmers)

No of licensing violations reported during year

232

No. of quality control analyses conducted during year

5 485

No. of food samples analyzed for pesticide residues during year

No. of samples exceeding MRL

No. of environmental samples analyzed for pesticide residues

Pesticides Restricted in Recent Years

Year

Name of active ingredient or hazardous formulation

Pesticides Banned in Recent Years

Year

Name of active ingredient

2005

Cooperation Projects

Years (start-end)

Purpose/Target of government follow-up programmes

Years (start-end)

Main Progress in Recent Years (legislation, policies, infrastructure, investments, training, etc.)

Agriculture Pesticides Ordinance is revised and ready to place before the Parliament for its approval. Agriculture Pesticides Rules have been amended and two new rules are added viz. pre-shipment inspection of pesticides in the country of origin and waiving of condition of sample analysis in registration of generic pesticide from the source/manufacturer already registered with the department. A new pesticide lab is established in Balochistan province for quality check of agriculture pesticides.

Main Constraints (personnel, infrastructure, administrative, operational, training, etc.)

Manufacturing of pesticides in the country is still in infancy and country has to be dependent on import from China and other countries. This has resulted in shortage of pesticides during epidemic situation. Application of pesticides at appropriate stage of crop in proper dosage on vulnerable stage of pest is also needed to be guided to the farmers. Training of farmers and extension workers is required for proper application of pesticides.

Genetically Modified Crops

Name of GMO Crop

Area under Cultivation [ha]