Technical Cooperation programme, Feasibility Study on Establishing Freshwater Prawn Hatchery; Pakistan - Technical report: Feasibility of freshwater prawn hatcheries in Sindh province

TOTAL AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION IN PAKISTAN

	Cyprinids	Trout	Tiger shrimp	Other shrimp	Totals
	(t)	(t)	(t)	(t)	(t)	('000 $US)
1984	8 500F				8 500	11 900
1985	8 500F				8 500	11 900
1986	8 500F				8 500	11 900
1987	8 500F				8 500	11 900
1988	6 797	13	38	2	6 850	6 795
1989	9 710	16	40F	2F	9 768	9 199
1990	10 045	16	38	3	10 102	9 099
1991	12 800	16F	38	3	12 857	11 012
1992	12 612	20F	35	3	12 670	12 241
1993	13 378	20F	35	3	13 436	14 176

Source: FAO (1995)

Table 2

INLAND AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES PRODUCTION IN SINDH

		Culture		Culture	Total
	(ha)	(No. of farms)	(t)*	(t)	(t)
1990				60 270
1991				52 971
1992	3 976	725	8 429(34%)	45 603	54 032
1993	5 061	1 327	10 870(30%)	49 500	60 370
1994	6 719	1 350	12 903(54%)	58 945	71 848

Source: GOS, 1995

* Numbers in brackets indicate proportion of provincial production contributed by Badin and Thatta districts

Table 3

SPECIES COMPOSITION OF INLAND AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION IN SINDH (t)

	1992	1993	1994	1992–94	TOTAL
				(t)	(%)
Rohu Labeo rohita	3 000	3 800	4 560	11 360	35.3
Mori Cirrhina mrigala	2 500	3 200	3 518	9 218	28.6
Thaila Catla catla	2 100	2 700	3 225	8 025	24.9
Gulfram Cyprinus carpio	829	1 170	1 600	3 599	11.2
TOTAL	8 429	10 870	12 903	32 202	100.0

Source: GOS, 1995

Table 4

CHARACTERISTICS OF PONDS USED FOR EXPERIMENTAL FRESHWATER PRAWN
(Macrobrachium malcolmsonii) CULTURE IN CHILYA AND MIRPUR SAKRO,
THATTA DISTRICT, SINDH*

Location	Chilya		Mirpur Sakro
Pond#	1	2	1	2	3
Pond size (ha)	0.36**	0.23	0.26	0.16	0.26
Soil type	sand/	sand/	silt/	silt/	silt/
	loam	loam	clay	clay	clay
DO2 (mg/l)	(A)	(C)	(D)	(G)	(F)
	6.5–11.4	8.4–11.4	4.2–8.4	4.2–10.6	4.2–10.6
	(B)		(E)
	9.0–12.3		4.2–9.0
			(F)
			9.0–10.6
pH	(A)	(C)	(D)	(G)	(F)
	7.0–8.5	7.0	6.5–7.5	7.0–8.5	7–8
	(B)		(E)
	7.0		6.5–7.5
			(F)
			7.0–8.0
Temp.( C)	(A)	(C)	(D)	(G)	(F)
	13–35	17–36	13–38	13–30	17–35
	(B)		(E)
	17–36		17–30
			(F)
			17–35

* Period of parameter measurements given in brackets as follows: A = July 1989 – March 1990;
B - October 1993 – February 1994; C = October 1993 – June 1994; D = October 1989 – June 1990;
E = July 1991 – December 1991; F = August 1993 – April 1994; G = July 1991 – October 1991

** Described as 0.29 ha by Yacoob (1996)

Table 5

GROWTH RATE OF Macrobrachium malcolmsonii IN PONDS IN PAKISTAN

Trial #	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
Av. stock size (g)	0.5	0.5	0.7	1.0	2.0	3.5	3.5	5.0	8.0
Density (#/m²⁾)	0.5	1.1	1.4	2.5	1.4	2.2	1.7	1.4	1.7
Temp.(C)	23	24	25	22	22	n.s	n.s	n.s	n.s
(range)	5–35	13–35	13–38	17–30	13–30	17–35	17–35	17–36	17–36
Days reared	214	250	245	138	141	251	242	147	253
Survival (%)	36	60	32	76	61	65	64	52	69
Harvest wt.(g)	25	84	48	54	55	55	61	30	63
(range)	10–39	40–138	45–95	40–55	45–72	n.a	n.a	n.a	n.a
Production (kg/ha)	negl.	557	217	1038	439	765	658	217	754
Location	Islbd	Thatta
Wt.gain/ day (g)	0.12	0.33	0.19	0.38	0.38	0.21	0.24	0.17	0.22
Data source	1	2	2	2	2	3	3	3	3

Source: 1 = Yacoob, 1994a;
2 = Yacoob, 1994b;
3 = Yacoob 1996

* prawns died at 7 C

Table 6

EXTRACTS FROM RECORDS AT THE GARHO SHRIMP FARM*

	Salinity range (ppt)		Temperature range (C)
	Pond A	Pond B	Pond A	Pond B
1988
June	49–61	59–60	25–31	30–31
July**	55–60	58–60	30	30
July***	25–49	30–58	29–30	29–30
August	20–26	28–32	28–29	27–28
September	18–27	25–28	31–38	28–30
1989
April	42	17–18
May	n.a.	25

Source: daily records at Garho farm

* Records only available during culture cycles; no information available on other periods but Kuljis (1988) reported that shrimp culture was only possible from July–October (one crop), either salinity or temperature being too high/low at other times. March–June is the high temperature period. As can be observed from the incomplete data in this table, salinities in excess of 60 ppt were recorded, even during a culture cycle

** First two weeks

*** Second two weeks

Table 7

VALUE OF FISH AND CRUSTACEA AT KARACHI FISH HARBOUR
MARKET (one month average ending 13 December 1995)

Species		Size (kg)	Value (PRs/kg)
FINFISH
Rohu		> 3.0	110
Labeo rohita		1.0–2.9	60
		0.5 – 0.9	40
Thaila		> 5.0	65
Catla catla		3.0 – 4.9	50
		1.0–2.9	40
		0.5 – 0.9	30
Mori		> 2.0	65
Cirrhina mrigala		1.0–1.9	50
		0.5 – 0.9	30
Gulfram		> 1.5	50
Cyprinus carpio		0.5 – 1.4	30
Malli		> 1.5	50
Wallago utta		0.5 – 1.4	30
Singhara		> 2.0	140
Mystus sp.		0.5 – 1.9	65
CRUSTACEANS
Freshwater prawns		Large*	220
Macrobrachium spp.		Medium*	160
		Small*	90
Marine shrimp:
	Jaira (large; Penaeids)	Large*	300
	Kalri (medium; Metapenaeids)	Medium*	140
	Kiddi (small; Parapenaeids)	Small*	28

Source: GOS, 13 December 1995

* Weight not specified

Table 8

MARINE SHRIMP LANDINGS IN PAKISTAN (t)

Year	Jaira	Kalri	Kiddi	Total
1990	5 505	8 750	13 666	27 921
1991	6 574	9 080	16 406	32 060
1992	5 397	8 238	12 693	26 328
1993	6 820	9 468	18 632	34 920
1994	6 021	7 120	16 023	29 164

Source: M. Moazzam (MFD), pers. comm 1995

Table 9

VALUE OF JAIRA (LARGE SHRIMP) LANDED AT KARACHI PORT

Year	Value (PRs/kg, head-on)
	Minimum	Maximum
1990	162	176
1991	168	175
1992	172	178
1993	179	181
1994	250	300

Source: M. Moazzam (MFD), pers. comm. 1995.

Table 10

EXAMPLES OF VALUE OF FARMED FRESHWATER PRAWNS

Location	Date	Price ($US/kg)	Notes
Brazil	1991	9–12	Whole; on ice, semi-wholesale to restaurants, fish shops or consumers; domestic
	1993	5–12	Whole; domestic
	1995*	14.6	Whole; domestic, farm-gate
France	1987	10	Import from S.E. Asia
	1987	16	Import from French Caribbean
	1989	20	Import from French Caribbean
India	1989	5–6	Whole ?; domestic
Martinique	1993	23–30	20–30/kg; whole; fresh/live
	1993	19–23	30–40/kg; whole; fresh/live
Nepal	1994	6–7	Whole
Taiwan	1993	12.6	Whole; domestic
Thailand	1993	2.4	25–35/kg; whole
	1993	4.8–6.0	12–15/kg; whole
United Kingdom	1994	18.2	Heads-off; shell-on; retail
USA	1994	22–26.5	Live; farm-gate
Viet Nam	1993	9.1**	2–4/kg; head-on; shell-on
	1993	16.2**	13–18/kg; head-off; shell-on
	1993	13.2**	18–26; head-off; shell-on

Source: New (1995)

* M.B. New, pers. comm. 1995

** F.O.B. Ho Chi Minh City

Table 11

RESULTS OF BOREHOLE ANALYSIS AT MFD HAWKES BAY SHE

Borehole #	Sample #	Total Soluble Salts	Sulphate asS04	Chloride as Cl	pH
Borehole #	Sample #	(mg/l)	(mg/l)	(mg/l)	pH
4	1	42.520	15 970	18 990	8.3
	2	41 390	12 808	19 200	8.2
5	1	38 930	13 100	17 450	8.1
	2	39 150	13 870	19 105	8.2
6	1	45 930	19 350	20 450	8.4
	2	46 200	20 100	22 950	8.5