Bibliographic references pertaining to the article
6 useful forestry titles from FAO
HERBERT HESMER. Leben und Werk von Dietrich Brandis. Begründer der tropischen Forstwirtschaft, Förderer der forstlichen Entwicklung in den U.S.A., Botaniker und Ökologe. Abstracts of the Rheinisch-Westfälische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vol. 58. XXIII u. 476. Westdeutscher Verlag, Opladen, 1975. Clothbound. 120 DM.
To very many foresters Sir Dietrich Brandis (born 1824 in Bonn, where he died in 1907) remains closely connected with "Taungya", an agro-silvicultural system practiced in Burma more than a century ago, and adopted later by other tropical countries. But Brandis' professional interest and the scope of his work reached far beyond forest management. Throughout his life he maintained a keen and active scientific interest in ecology, botany, plant geography and other related fields. Furthermore, in pursuing his forestry work he was deeply concerned and closely involved with the socioeconomic problems of the rural population. Typical of those who make lasting contributions, his interests were broad and he was ahead of his time.
Gifford Pinchot paid tribute to Brandis in a memorial address by concluding that "no other person's achievements rank higher or had a similar influence on forestry during the latter half of the past, and at least on the beginning of this century."
This biography by Herbert Hesmer reveals a colourful picture of Brandis life and career, and of his fascinating and versatile personality. It also shows that many of the tropical forestry development problems he faced a century ago were surprisingly similar to those existing today.
Brandis began his tropical forestry career in 1855 in Burma with the British Forest Service. He was mainly concerned with the teak forests in the province of Pegu. Major features of his work were the introduction of the above-mentioned "Taungya" system, and of systematically spaced strip surveys for tropical forest inventory. This latter method of linear sampling, with some modifications, has maintained its importance for inventories of tropical forests to the present day.
After seven years in Burma Brandis served for 20 years as the first Inspector-General of Forests in India. It would be too far-reaching to try to enumerate all his many achievements, for which he was knighted by Britain, since they range from subjects such as the formulation of forest legislation and working plans and the establishment of research and training institutions, to the writing of Forest flora of northwest and central India and Indian trees.
After retirement Brandis remained closely related to Indian forestry and at the age of 75 he started his principal botanical work, Indian trees, dealing with 4 400 species. It was first published in 1906 and re-issued several times afterwards, the last time in 1971.
In addition to scientific work Brandis continued to be interested in practical forestry. He paid particular attention to providing guidance and support to young foresters and maintained close contact with many of them. In this context the names of B. Ribbentrop, W. Schlich and C.A. Schenck deserve particular mention.
For more than 20 years Brandis had been in close contact with Gifford Pinchot who in 1898 became the first Chief and the founder of the U.S. Forest Service. Although Brandis never set foot in North America, President Theodore Roosevelt in 1905, in a hand-written note, expressed his gratitude for the valuable contribution he had made to American forestry. It is noteworthy also that H.S. Graves, one of the American foresters who was guided by Brandis during his forestry studies in Europe, served in 1945 as Chairman of the Committee on Forestry and Forest Products of the first session of the FAO Conference.
Hesmer's biography represents far more than an enumeration of biographical events. It is indeed an authentic source of invaluable information on world forestry of the past century, in which Brandis was so prominently involved.
THEO ERFURTH, FAO, Rome.
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"Where contradictory theory and practice co-exist"
by Alf Leslie (pages 2-17)
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