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GENERAL DISCUSSION (continued)
DEBAT GENERAL (suite)
DEBATE GENERAL (continuación)

STATEMENTS BY HEADS OF DELEGATIONS (continued)
DECLARATIONS PES CHEFS DE DELEGATION (suite)
MANIFESTACIONES POR LOS JEFES DE LAS DELEGACIONES (continuación)

CHAIRMAN: I declare the 15th meeting of the Plenary open. I wish to explain why we have started very late this morning. There was a meeting of the General Committee consisting of the Chairman, the Vice-Chairman and seven member countries, which in its turn had to start late because of the demonstrations outside the building. These are demonstrations of pensioners, and as we shall all come to the stage of being a pensioner, I think we can have some understanding! I regret that we have had to start so late.

Yousif DASH (Sudan) (original language Arabic): In the name of Allah the merciful and compassionate, Mr Chairman, distinguished delegates, distinguished representatives of the international organizations, it is an honour for me to make this statement before you on behalf of the people and Government of Sudan. This is a regional review on the situation in agriculture and development in our country which I wish to lay before this august assembly which has such an important responsibility on its shoulders.

Allow me to congratulate you, Mr Chairman, and to congratulate the three Vice-Chairmen on your election at this 24th session of the FAO General Conference. We are convinced, that you will steer the conference with the same degree of efficiency and ability that you have deomonstrated in the past.

We are equally convinced that, thanks to the experience and profound knowledge of Mr Saouma, he will be able to guide FAO towards the hoped-for achievements. We warmly congratulate him on his re-election.

Allow me to give you, Mr Chairman, a brief outline with regard to agricultural production in my country. Sudan is the largest African State. It has a surface area amounting to 1 million square miles. It is optimistically estimated that the Sudan is endowed with natural resources which allow it to meet the requirements of its population, and to meet those of its neighbours. Facts and research prove this, but for six years now we have shifted from one policy to another, neglecting the infrastructure, losing production potential and depleting our natural resources. All this is the result of neglect and disorientation. The vegetation cover of our land has been almost totally destroyed, irrigation-water levels dropped as the Nile canals and reservoirs fell into disuse; the soil is depleted and eroded as a result; and then came the drought that befell the Sahel countries. The effect of this drought was much worse in Sudan because there was no preparation of the infra­structure to contain this threat and to avoid this devastation.

FAO sounded the alarm and warned of the imminent catastrophe at an early stage, thanks to its early warning systems, but the authorities at the time did not pay heed and were not prepared. FAO then alerted the world to the disaster and donors came forward, providing us with the necessary food to face this crisis and reduce its impact. We are most grateful to them.

The agricultural sector in Sudan occupies a top priority situation in the economic sector. It plays an increasingly important role in the economic and social development of our country and in the development of our national economy. Our current efforts are concentrated on providing the basic requirements of this sector so it can play the role assigned to it. Twenty-eight percent of our national resources are aggregated to agriculture. Agricultural development policies revolve around a number of main goals to be achieved through the development of the agricultural sector. This may be summarized as follows:

First of nil to improve the food situation and achieve a greater sharing of self-sufficiency in


basic food commodities; second, to create surplus agricultural production for export to provide a growing source of foreign currency to meet the national requirements; third, to achieve a balanced development between the various regions and hence a fair distribution of wealth between sectors of society, and to install socia I peace and economic security; fourth, to conservi! and maintain our natural resources from uncontrolled use and to develop them to achieve an ecological balance to enable us to continue to benefit from these resources as well as meeting the increasing energy requirements lo develop our country. We are also aiming to develop our livestock resources.

Sudan has attempted to achieve these goals on the basis of a programme and development plan, the main features of which may be summarized as follows. First, reviving agricultural production institutions by providing their basic inputs and strengthening their infrastructure, especially irrigation networks, maintenance works, shops, roads and transportation. This will enable the institutions to fully exploit their capacities and thus better participate in increasing agricultural production. Second, seriously to endeavour to provide all the production inputs and to distribute them on easy credit terms for small farmers. Here we are seeking to give the private sector a prominent role due to its experience and abilities as well as its presence across the country, thus enabling it to reach larger segments of farmers. Third, we are seeking to develop and support agricultural research and improve its links with extension services, to direct research towards solving the main problems of farmers and to facilitate the transfer of research findings to the fanners directly. Fourth, to develop rural societies and improve the social and economic situation there as part of the implementation of our integrated rural development plan. This ensures the provision of agricultural services as well as the provision of water and health services, in addition to building road networks and other vital services to revive rural life. Fifth, we are seeking to diversify marketing channels and support their different organs to improve the efficiency and to expand the building of regional silos and storehouses. This will enable the regions to establish buffer stocks of main food commodities and thus constitute preventative measures designed to obviate the effects of uncertain climatic conditions in addition to strength­ening our overall food security in the area.

We are improving internal transportation facilities to improve harvest shipments from surplus to deficit areas. Agricultural development plans are being implemented as part of a policy aimed at establishing production links that rely on the farmer to play the leading role in agricultural production. Pricing policies are one of the main instruments we use to encourage farmers to produce more. We have, therefore, set a minimum price before the agricultural season to guarantee a fair return to farmers. State organizations therefore purchase the farmers' produce at this price if the markets cause any drop in prices below those established previously. As part of our development of the agricultural sector, and in order to achieve rapid growth, we are attempting to attract Arab and foreign investments to participate in turn in exploiting the vast wealth and resources of our land, on the basis of mutual interest and benefits.

The implementation of these programmes and policies has led to a reasonable increase in our agricultural production and harvest in 1985/6 and 1986/7. We have thus succeeded in overcoming the spells of drought that affected the Sudar in the early eighties that had led to a deterioration of our natural resources, a loss of herds O. livestock, a drop in agricultural production, and famine in certain parts of the country.

In addition to retrieving our agricultural output capacity, we have built a reserve of basic commodities out of our surpluses in past harvests to be used as preventive stocks against unfavourable climatic conditions that could be encountered in the future. We hope that our efforts for the 1987/8 harvest will be successful despite the unfavourable weather conditions and low rates of rainfall in the current season, and in addition to the invasion of locusts and other pests.

Despite this, we have managed to a large degree to contain the threats of these swarms thanks to the rapid measures and the assistance extended by FAO and other countries. In fact, this was achieved in an organized and coordinated programme.

We have encountered, and continue to encounter, many problems to improve the food situation of our citizens. The increased responsibilities of the State to face the development requirements and the drop in our foreign currency reserves due to the low volume of exports of agricultural goods have resulted in a slow growth in our national economy and have been affected by the drop in the economic development rates of developed countries and the increased protectionist measures. All these economic factors have caused low foreign currency reserves in our country. Added to this, we are facing a heavy debt servicing burden and a shortage of capital flows from developed countries. Furthermore, the drought problems that we encountered, along with other countries, in the early eighties are still with us in the form of the influx of large numbers of refugees from neighbouring countries, and the need to meet their requirements in the form of services and food aid. All this has represented a further burden on our national economy.


These factors together have weakened our ability to face economic challenges and have slowed our pace and efforts to realize fast leaps in development in general and in agricultural production in particular. We hope to overcome these difficulties through our four-year plan for reform and development which was started in 1987/8 and which will extend until 1990/91. This programme has been established in a realistic way, taking into account the basic priorities of our national economy and its requirements for the latter phases. We also hope that these national efforts will, in fact, be further boosted by the support of international organizations and friendly countries which we hope will increase their technical aid within the framework of a new international order where trade relations will be fairer Cowards developing countries. We also believe that regional cooperation between developing countries can play a major role in overcoming those problems we are currently encountering, and that they can help to achieve agricultural development and improve the food situation. We call on FAO to assume its assigned role in this field and thus provide the necessary inputs to make a success of this regional operation between the various countries.

Before ending my ..statement I would like to dwell in brief here on what is being discussed currently in the Organization on the needs of reform and the priorities to be adopted in future activities of this Organization. As we all know, the goals and strategies of this Organization arose out of the effective requirements and needs of member countries, and as a result of dialogue and consensus between member countries. However, the changing international circumstances and the variations in circumstances over the past two years do indeed require some review of policies and methods of programmes. However, this must be undertaken within the Organization and in the basic structures and organs of the Organization. It must, in fact, be based on specific aspects of review and reform without, in fact, affecting the general goals and purposes of the Organization. The main purpose of such a reform is to increase the efficiency of the Organization and its effectiveness in serving member countries. Here I would like to point out that FAO over the past few years has shown a great deal of flexibility and ability to face the changing circumstances. This has enabled it to face the effect of these changes with a great deal of efficiency, and we are therefore fully confident that the Organization will be able to perform just as well in the future'.

Finally, I wish to express my thanks and gratitude to FAO and to the other agencies within the United Nations system, as well as to all those member countries that have played their role and have participated in enabling the African countries to come through the dire circumstances they have faced over the past four years. I hope that we shall all end this Conference with a successful integrated programme of international cooperation to overcome those difficulties we are currently facing and to achieve agricultural development and improve the food situation in the world.

Vaasatia Polonia ROMITI (Samoa): Mr Chairman, please permit me first of all to extend to you our warmest congratulations on your election to the Chair. Our congratulations also go to your Vice- Chairmen. Under your able and patient guidance the work of this Conference has to date proceeded very smoothly.

Through you, Mr Chairman, we would also like to congratulate Mr Edouard Saouma on his re-election for another term of office as chief executive of this Organization. We feel sure that the dedication and diligence with which he has led FAO in the past 12 years will again stand him in good stead in the difficult task ahead.

I am honoured to have this opportunity to address this FAO Conference. My being here reconfirms our common faith in the brotherhood of nation members in FAO, irrespective of size and economic strength.

Samoa's association with FAO goes back some 24 years. These have been years of a mutually satisfying relationship, with tremendous benefit to us a developing country in search of its development destiny. My country certainly compliments FAO for its successful performance in assisting its developing Member States.

While we can all take pride in work well done, I am sure Mr Chairman you will concur with me that times change and today we face even greater and more complex challenges. These changing international economic conditions have had, and continue to have, profound effects on us ail to where we are seeing many past gains slipping away. And for some of us in much more vulnerable situations, there is very little or nothing we can do about it.

This Conference gives due emphasis to the global state of food and agriculture. Certainly the overall unfavourable economic conditions worldwide which have given rise to the problems of mounting debts, deteriorating international trading conditions, and the resultant declines in agricultural production, are the issues of critical concern which must be urgently addressed at these international fora. We are all indivually affected but to different degrees. Some of us are more able to withstand the said conditions. Others of us are certainly more vulnerable and do not have the strength to rally forth and effect the needed recovery programmes without support from our friends outside. It is in this respect that I would ask your indulgence and patience at this time.


As you know Mr Chairman, we are a small island state with an economy based very much on one crop, the coconut, that so called…”tree of life". For most of our near 25 years of association with FAO, we have received much assistance from this Organization on development of our coconut industry. Today, we note with pride tremendous progress into improved cultivation and management practices, pest and disease control, and the use of high yielding hybrid varieties. But the experience of the last two years, with the international prices for copra products at rock bottom and the future outlook as predicted by FAO experts remaining very much at the same levels, for us the tree of life is little more than the messenger of doom.

The same experts have likewise pointed out the contributing causal factors - these are the EEC Tax on coconut and palm oils, and the American Soybean Association campaign against coconut and palm oils. And coupled with these have been the rapid increases in the prices of petroleum products and other manufactured and processed goods from our industrial country friends.

Mr Chairman, the sum total of "smallness" and "islandness" of island states like ours, is our vulnerability to the changing economic environment of the world around us. I would re-emphasize to this Conference the uniqueness of the situation of our small island states - while small might be beautiful it is never strong enough to be of any significant influence on the direction of trends in any economic transaction in the world arena. In other words Mr:Chairman, while we participate on this international forum as an equal member in the brotherhood of nations in FAO, with full rights and privileges to ex-r press and contribute our views on those issues of common international concern to all FAO members, I feel it is also my duty to remind my larger and more influential partners that in the true nature of things, our smallness in physical size, population, resource base, our isolation and long distances from the main world markets leaves us always as "pricetakers", dependent on external assistance for much of our development programmes, together with the "open-nature" of our economies, means we will always be subject to the influences of, and often dictated to by, external economic forces.

We are fully in agreement that the underlying causes of our present predicament can be found in the global state of economic recession now with us all. We welcome and heartily support the measures this Conference puts forward as the way to bring about improvement and the needed world economic recovery. But for many of us, especially the "small states", we cannot take even the first step without the appropriate impetus from the world around us. Without the leadership, the technical and financial assistance, and the continuing availability of credit arrangements, our agriculture and food production system will be nothing more than subsistence production, void of any real growth.

For my country, as no doubt like many other "small states", we need the support of organizations like FAO, because without it we can achieve very little on our own. Our membership is valued for much more than just to have our voice heard and our vote counted in the global arena of the world family of nations.

Global strategies and global programmes of action, aimed at increasing world food production, alleviating rural poverty; agrarian reform; improving services to meet the needs of small farmers and especially women; ensuring the flow of credit critical to agricultural development; and better forestry and fisheries management, to name but a few of the areas given top priority by FAO, have my country's full support and endorsement. We stand by ready to be active participants. My plea is that in the global setting of our world arena, that the many of us with "small" voices do not merely become lonely criers in the larger world wilderness.

Before I conclude Mr Chairman, I would like to reiterate what I said earlier that being small, rémote, having limited resources, both financial as well as manpower, have rendered us more vulnerable to fluctuating commodity world prices, especially in a country like ours that is dependent largely on agriculture for our economic development. We feel therefore that on our own we cannot manage the struggle for survival.

Last but not least, we have found it difficult to come this far to attend this FAO biannual Conference because of the financial constraints that we have in our part of the world. It is therefore suggested that some consideration be given to allow partial funding by FAO of distant countries participation in the future FAO meetings.

Rev. A. FERRARI- TONIOLO: (Observateur du Saint-Siège): Monsieur lo Président, Monsieur le Directeur général, Excellences, Messieurs les Ministres, Messieurs les Chefs de délégation et Représentants permanents, Mesdames, Messieurs.

Je partage la satisfaction de ceux qui envisagent favorablement l'élection de son Excellence Faisal Abdul Razzak Al-Khaled à la présidence de cette XXIV ème session de la Conférence de la FAO.

J'exprime aussi toute ma satisfaction aux Présidents de Commission de cette Conférence.


Je prends tout d'abord la liberté de vous demander, Monsieur le Président, que le texte de la présente intervention soit publié intégralement dans le Procès-Verbal, même si, pour des raisons de brièveté, toutes ses parties n'en seront pas exposées oralement.

Je vous félicite encore une fois, Monsieur le Directeur général E. Saouma, réélu selon la volonté des Etats Membres de la FAO, et je formule le triple souhait qu'au cours de la prochaine période du mandat renouvelé vous obteniez un succès qui mène cette Organisation jusqu'au parachèvement de son universalité à l'échelle mondiale, qui obtienne une participation unanime et un apport adéquat et opportun de la part de tous les membres et qui atteigne une ultérieure efficacité dans son action en vue de ses buts statutaires.

Pour ce qui concerne l'universalité effective de la FAO qui serait atteinte par l'adhésion aussi d'autres Etats souverains ne figurant pas encore en tant que Membres, qu'il me soit permis de rappeler la déclaration faite au cours de la dix-septième Conférence générale de novembre 1973, en faisant allusion à la réalisation de la participation effective de la Chine qu'en tant qu'observateur nous avions déjà souhaitée auparavant, dans laquelle j'affirmai: "Je tiens à souligner que cette Session de l'Assemblée souveraine de la FAO assume une importance spéciale, non seulement à cause des arguments qu'elle affronte, mais parce que, avec la récente présence d'un pays important par sa vaste population, il est permis à la FAO de s'approcher de la réalisation de sa propre vocation à l'échelle mondiale. C'est un désir commun à tous ceux qui vivent constamment à la FAO, que de souhaiter la présence future, en tant que membres de la FAO, de tous les autres pays occupant une place particulière dans l'économie mondiale."

En ce moment, il semble possible de reprendre le souhait exprimé en faisant référence à l'Union des Républiques socialistes soviétiques, puisque l'on peut apercevoir quelques indices qui permettent d'envisager une sorte de premiers pas dans la direction d'une participation plus pleine de l'URSS à la FAO, et non seulement en qualité d'observateur.

Il est également souhaitable que d'autres peuples, qui sont en train de réaliser leur indépendance en tant qu'Etats souverains, puissent accéder à plein titre aux organisations du système des Nations Unies et participer pleinement aux activités de la FAO.

La solidarité internationale, évoquée en tant qu'urgent devoir par le Souverain pontif Jean Paul II lors de son discours à l’occasion de la récente audience, réclame aussi une participation réelle et la disponibilité de tous à assumer les obligations et les charges découlant de leur présence et de leur collaboration dans la communauté internationale par l'adoption de toutes les formes qui mènent à la mise en place d'une plus grande coopération.

Il devient de plus en plus nécessaire qu'une participation active des Etats s'instaure par rapport à l'Organisation internationale à laquelle ils appartiennent, même si dans celles-ci convergent des pays s'inspirant à des systèmes économiques, sociaux et politiques différents.

Les Etats Membres doivent se sentir des composant effectifs de l'Organisàtion intergouvernementale à laquelle ils ont adhéré. On n'agit pas dans les sens d'une solidarité internationale véritable lorsque l'on réduit l'apport au budget ordinaire et aux fonds nécessaires aux opérations décidées au sein de chacune des Organisation; ou lorsque l'on se dérobe aux promesses faites de fournir des soutiens, ou même à la limite, lorsque l'on menace de se retirer.

L'on pourra redresser les orientations erronées, inefficaces, contradictoires ou considérées moins opportunes de la politique interne et internationale d'une Organisation intergouvemementale seulement en restant partie active dans chacune de celles dont on est Membre; en y concourant par l'appui financier adéquat et régulier; en agissant de l'intérieur des structures de chaque Organisation par le truchement des organes statutaires habilités aux décisions et aux consultations, selon les règles fondamentales de chaque Organisation, sans oublier la clause de l'unanimité nécessaire.

Il faut agir loyalement de façon à équilibrer tant la défense légitime des intérêts nationaux de chaque Etat Membre, que la mise en oeuvre de l'action nécessaire pour un progrès mondial harmonieux et soutenu en faveur des Peuples moins favorisés.

Il apparaît évident que la situation actuelle demande une plus grande solidarité non seulement des Etats Membres de chaque Organisation entre eux, mais aussi entre les Organisations intergouvernementales du système des Nations Unies, et spécialement entre celles du secteur de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, c'est-à-dire l'IFAD, le Conseil mondial de l'alimentation, le PAM - ce sont des suggestions surtout pour les conseillers juridiques - par l'application des règles établies à la suite des Résolutions adoptées par la Conférence mondiale de l'alimentation de novembre 1974, : considérées dans l'harmonisation de l'ensemble des institutions existantes et interprétées selon l'évolution en cours sans vision partielle.

Pour ce qui concerne l'efficacité de la FAO, on peut, tout compte fait, constater objectivement qu'elle s'est accrue. Elle est ainsi encore plus capable de réaliser le service aux Etats Membres de formulation des programmes et projets par rapport à leurs requêtes; de provoquer les investis­sements et la mise à disposition des moyens nécessaires pour les réalisations; d'offrir l'assistance technique de la FAO et de ses experts.


L'efficacité d'action de la FAO dans le domaine de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation suppose même une mise à jour continue et une amélioration de la documentation.

La longue expérience de cette Représentation du Saint-Siège auprès de la FAO, permet à l'Observateur Permanent de souligner l'importance de la documentation offerte cette année en préparation de la présente XXIV Session de la Conférence Générale.

Avant tout je dois reconnaître l'efficacité nouvelle de la présentation des données sur la situation mondiale de l'alimentation et de l'agriculture en 1987, et leur collocation très opportune dans le contexte de l'économie et de la finance mondiale. Il est particulièrement appréciable qu'on puisse ainsi connaître soit la situation des Pays à économie de marché, soit des Pays à économie centralisée, soit des Pays en voie de développement; et qu'il soit fait référence à la situation par Région pour ce qui concerne l'Afrique, l'Amérique Latine et Caraïbes, l'Asie et Pacifique, le Moyen-Orient.

On se réjouit qu'il ait été préparée une édition mise à jour de la vaste et fructueuse étude et des projections contenues dans le volume: "Agriculture: horizon 2000".

La Délégation du Saint-Siège souhaite mettre en évidence les conséquences morales de l'actuelle possibilité de collecte des données; de l'évaluation objective et précise soit des possibilités de production, soit des exigences effectives des Populations des différents Pays; soit des disponibilités présentes ou prévisibles surtout des excédents, soit du différent degré des urgences et les engagements qui en découlent.

Cette analyse réaliste des données permet de repérer quelles pourraient être les solutions les plus efficaces qu'il faudrait adopter.

En conséquence, on peut définir avec une approximation de plus en plus précise quels sont les devoirs de solidarité, selon un critère de justice internationale répondant d'un côté à la prospérité et de l'autre aux exigences de vie des Peuples et leurs groupes et individus.

Sur la base de la documentation il est possible d'intervenir immédiatement afin d'éviter la mort par faim et d'établir des programmes appropriés à un développement continu de l'agriculture mais aussi en vue de l'ajustement et du relèvement de l'économie d'un Pays.

Il est possible aussi de définir de façon réaliste des projets répondant aux capacités et à la culture de chaque Peuple, et en vue des formes d.'autodéveloppement soutenu par une intégration extérieure, plutôt par la voie multilatérale en dehors de tout dangereux néo-colonialisme, toujours plus facile en cas de rapports bilatéraux.

Il faut noter que toutes les données et les éléments des activités opérationnelles sont disponibles non seulement pour les Gouvernements et les initiatives officielles et de macroéconomie, mais aussi pour les Organisations non gouvernementales - nationales ou internationales - qui veulent agir par un service désintéressé pour un soutien efficace et continu des Pays en voie de développement avec leurs microréalisations.

Mais d'autre part on demande que - à titre d'ultérieure expression de l'efficacité souhaitée pour l'action de la FAO - les Organisations non gouvernementales puissent se sentir à l'avenir plus largement accueillies dans les diverses réunions et initiatives, bien que dans leur différente position selon les statuts de la FAO, soit dans la phase de la prise de décisions, soit dans la phase de la coopération aux réalisations.

Le succès de la FAO dans les différentes Régions du monde, particulièrement en ce qui concerne la rapidité des interventions dans les situations les plus graves, à l'exemple de ce qui s'est passé récemment en Afrique, apparaît remarquable: par l'alarme lancée sans tarder en vue des crises que la sécheresse, la désertification allaient produite, avec les pénuries alimentaires qui en découlent; par la proposition opportune des projets et par la mise en place efficace d'un système d'aides extraordinaires; par l'appel à un large concours aux fonds fiduciaires destinés à des opérations spéciales multilatérales de la FAO; par la mise en oeuvre rapide et sans dispersions des projets de relance de l'agriculture et de l'économie d'un Pays aussi dans l'ensemble de zone plus vastes.


Un aspect spécifique de cette efficacité a été mis en evidence lors de récentes crises africaines qui ont été affrontées par la préparation de projets concrets et de programmes relatifs à l'Ethiopie et vingt et un Pays africains, formulés en accord avec les Gouvernements respectifs et portés à la connaissance des Etats Membres.

Il a été obtenu des contributions qui ont permis de procéder rapidement à l'exécution des projets. Ainsi l'on a réduit en moins de deux ans le nombre des Pays africains en situation d'urgence extrême et de risque de mort.

Nous ne pouvons pas passer sous silence la lojiable continuité dans l'application et dans le contrôle des Résolutions et Plans d'action adoptes en 1979 au cours de la Conférence Mondiale sur la Réforme Agraire et le Développement Rural.

En outre, particulièrement méritoire s'avère sans doute l'attention portée à l'objectif du soutien efficace des petits agriculteurs. Mais ce thème a été particulièrement l'objet de la Journée Mondiale de l'Alimentation 1987.

Cette Délégation du Saint-Siège souhaite ajouter à ce propos une remarque qui paraît intéressante: il se dessine de plus en plus nettement la reconnaissance de l'importance primairede l'activité agricole des petites exploitations, individuelles et familiales.

Pour ce qui est de l’autosuffisance productive alimentaire même dans des Pays qui ont adopté un système économique centralisé - c'est encore le problème de la Chine, mais pas seulement de la Chine - on assiste au dépassement de la forme univoque de gestion collective par des grandes exploitations agricoles, et au contraire à la multiplication des activités agricoles de dimension limitée.

Même dans des Pays à économie de marché - c'est encore le problème des Etats-Unis - dans lesquels on était jusqu'à présent favorable aux exploitations de grandes dimensions pour la stabilité même de . l'économie du Pays on souhaite un réexamen critique et le soutien des exploitations moyennes et petites. Ceci est écrit dans une lettre de l'épiscopat des Etats-Unis, comme expression de l'opinion publique des Etats-Unis face au gouvernement.

Cette Représentation du Saint-Siège auprès de la FAO n'ignore pas les difficultés qui surgissent chaque jour pour ce qui concerne le développement économique équilibré et le progrès civil réel, tant à l'intérieur de chaque Pays qu'au niveau des rapports internationaux à l'échelle régionale et mondiale.

Malgré les incertitudes accentuées de la situation économique, sociale et politique du monde contemporain, la Délégation du Saint-Siège considère que, par la bonne volonté, il est possible de trouver la voie d'une action commune en vue du bien commun de tous le Peuples et de tous les êtres humains. Elle souhaite qu'il y ait une véritable décision de réaliser une coopération cohérente et loyale entre les Pays avancés et les Pays en voie de développement, sur la base d'accords à court et à long terme et par des engagements concrets, selon des règles même contraignantes.

On fait appel aux devoirs de chacun non seulement dans le cadre de l'Organisation intergouverna-mentale dont on fait partie, mais aussi dans la vision d'ensemble de la Communauté internationale qui reflète les intérêts et les attentes de la famille humaine universelle.

Dans cette confiance le Saint-Siège entend poursuivre son service à l'humanité - suivant la mission caractéristique qui lui est propre - proposant à votre attention des indications qui, conformément aux buts statutaires de la FAO, peuvent être utiles pour orienter l'action commune de tous les Etats Membres.

M. MARCUSSEN (EEC): On behalf of the European Community, I wish first to congratulate you and the Vice Presidents on your election to preside over the work of this Conference. I also wish to convey the congratulations of the European Community to Mr Saouma on his re-election to the important office of Director-General of the FAO. We look forward to continuing close cooperation with him and members of the staff of the FAO. This Conference provides a unique opportunity for an exchange of views on the global problems related to agriculture, agricultural trade and development. I will therefore use this opportunity to make some reflections on these issues, and in particular, the links between the agricultural policies in the different parts of the world.


During the most recent years, policy makers have had to deal at the same time with the problem of hunger in some countries and surpluses in others. The populations in our countries do not understand that governments and international organizations cannot solve these problems. It is the duty of those representatives at this Conference to take a critical look at the policies which are allowing certain intolerable situations to exist. But we should also draw attention to the results achieved. And indeed, important progress has been made in dealing with the problem of hunger in developing countries. Food aid has played a major role in relieving the effects of structural food deficits and in meeting exceptional food requirements caused by disasters. In this context tribute should be paid to the FAO for its global information and early warning systems which have greatly enhanced our ability to channel food aid to the areas where it is most needed. But the positive.short-term results obtained by this instrument should not lead our populations to believe that the problems of surpluses and the longer term problems of hunger can be solved through steadily increasing flows of food aid. The problem of hunger as well as the problem of food surpluses can be cured only through fundamental policy reforms which deal with the underlying causes of the problem, reforms which are required in both developing and industrialized countries. In the developing countries, reforms of their agricultural policies must, of course, be reinforced by carefully chosen development policies. Insofar as industrialized countries are concerned, the reforms required are now taking shape. It has become clear that the initial response of governments of the industrialized countries to the mounting surpluses was inadequate. It has become apparent that the reinforcement of import protection and the escalation of subsidies led to trade conflicts and untenable budget costs.

It has become clear that the scale and the nature of the problems are such that they cannot be solved by continued escalation of unilateral measures but only through improved international cooperation. A major step towards the implementation of a new form of international cooperation in agriculture was taken by the OECL) Ministerial Meeting in May this year. At this meeting, governments of all OECD countries formerly acknowledged for the first time that the -problems in agriculture were caused not only by the other countries but that they all carried a part of the responsibility.

The governments of the OECD countries also agreed that the fundamental cause of the problems is that excessive support policies in all OECD countries prevented an adequate transmission of market signals to farmers. They concluded-that a solution to the problems in agricultural trade would require that international cooperation be extended so as to include a concerted reform of the agricultural policies. They agreed that such a reform should be implemented mainly in the framework of the Uruguay Round.

A few weeks ago the Community put forward its proposal for the agricultural negotiations in the Uruguay Round. The Community proposed that these negotiations should aim at the concerted reform of agricultural policies based on the principle of a gradual and substantial reduction in support affecting agricultural production. Such a substantial reduction in the overall level of support should be coupled with a readjustment of the external protection where the present GATT bindings entail distortions in resource allocations which contribute to the global market imbalances.

The Community proposed that these objectives should be achieved through negotiations of binding commitments by all the countries concerned on the level of support they provide to their farmers and which affect agricultural production.

An agreement on a concerted reform of agricultural .policies based on this principle would gradually reduce the present tensions in international agricultural trade. This would create the conditions to allow countries to take commitments on a gradual and substantial reduction of import barriers.

Clearly, the negotiations on longer term policies will have no effect in the short and medium term. The Community therefore has proposed that the Uruguay Round negotiations should begin by seeking agreement on some short-term actions which would improve the situation in the commodity markets which are most severely disrupted by subsidy competition or increased import restrictions.

The Community believes that the proposals it has put forward for the Uruguay Round negotiations will be in the overall interest of developing countries. The declaration adopted by the World Food Council at its meeting in Beijing in July this year supports this view.

The reform of agricultural policies and the liberalization of agricultural trade to be negotiated in the framework of the Uruguay Round will require contributions also from developing countries, in accordance with their possibilities and their special situation.

In this context I would also draw attention to the importance for the developing countries of the Uruguay Round negotiations on tropical products. The Community for its part, has already put forward specific proposals for the negotiations on this subject.

I will conclude these remarks on agricultural policies by drawing attention to the actions already taken by the community to reform its own agricultural policies. Major decisions in this regard have been adopted since 1984 and most recently in December 1986, in January and July this year, and


a series of proposals for further actions are under discussion in the Community at present. These reforms arc complex and vary from commodity to commodity. I shall therefore not attempt to describe the specific elements of this reform. Suffice it to say that the overall objective is to expose the Community's farmers more directly to the market situation by changes in the intervention systems which will imply that prices received by Community farmers will fall below the official support prices when markets are over-supplied, and for many commodities, limits have been introduced for the quantities which may benefit from support. In addition, support prices have been reduced and will continue to be reduced. Over the last four years, the support prices in the Community have declined by 10 percent in real terms and the Community's milk production, which is subject to a quota system, will have been reduced in April 1988 by 10 percent compared to the level at which this quota was introduced in 1984.

Mr Chairman, I will now address the other areas where the European Community and the FAO are active, sometimes through joint action and often in a complementary way.

With respect to joint actions, allow me to recall that the Community is one of the three largest providers of funds to the World Food Programme, its annual contribution being approximately 80 million ECU per year. But although the development policy of the Community, which devotes more than 2 000 million US dollars to it on average per year, as associated with and often complementary to that of the FAO, it is of course also independent.

Through its development policy the Community endeavours to aid not only the 66 African, Caribbean and Pacific countries that are signatories to the Lomé Convention, but also the poorest and least developed countries that are not signatories, and generally speaking, ail developing countries tó enable them to overcome their difficulties.

During the last few years the Community has made efforts to adjust its development policy to the changing situations and the new requirements. Since the last Conference the Community's assistance has demonstrated its capacity to cope with changing situations and has given ample evidence of its flexibility and effectiveness. Concentration on the agricultural and rural sectorfor programme of development aids to Asia and Latin America.

With regard to the third Lomé Convention, which has been guiding ACP-EEC relations since January 1985, I wish to make two points. The first is quantitative. The priority granted by the . Convention to development of the rural sector is shown by the concentration on this sector of the Community's financial resources made available to the ACP countries, which vary from country to country, between 70 percent and almost 100 percent of the resources available. The second point is qualitative. By comparison with the previous Conventions, the Community has adopted a more sectoral and more flexible approach which allows, in appropriate circumstances, the provision of recurrent replacement or maintenance supplies which would meet the development requirements of our ACP partners better.

During this period the Community's action has not been confined merely to implementing Lomé III. As we announced at the last Conference, at the end of 1985, the Community launched a plan to improve and boost the economies of the African countries most affected by the drought. This additional programme for which more than 108 000 000 ECU has been set aside, was intended to permit these countries to implement urgent measures to improve their economies pending the medium and long-term financing decisions to be taken under Lomé III.

Moreover, the Community has, earlier this month, agreed on a special aid programme for certain poor and heavily indebted sub-Saharan African countries undertaking adjustment efforts. This Programme involves an acceleration of payments provided by the existing Lomé arrangements and additional resource amounting to 100 000 000 ECU.

Mr Chairman, I would like to end by mentioning the reform of food aid undertaken by the Community involving the strengthening of triangular transactions and the introduction of the possibility to replace food aid by a financial contribution. These improvements have enabled the Community to aid several countries in various parts of the world, both those which have received such aid and those which have supplied aid under the triangular programmes.

Since July 1987 food aid reform has also involved improvements of the operational management, the aims being more rapid and effective supply and strengthened quality control and checks on deliveries.

Mr Chairman, the improvements which I have just described in the Community's development policies, both in quantitative and qualitative terms, will of course be so much more effective as they are


reinforced by the efforts of the recipient countries. We must never forget that the policies of the developing countries themselves is the most decisive factor for the long-term solution of the problem of hunger, and for the improvement of the well being of their peoples.

Emilio ONA OBIANG (Guinea Ecuatorial): Señor Presidente, señor Director General, excelentísimos señores Ministros, distinguidos señores Delegados, señoras y señores: Era deseo del Ministro de Agricultura, Ganadería y Desarrollo Rural de mi país el haberse dirigido personalmente a esta tribuna, pero por compromisos superiores y coincidencia de la fecha con otras obligaciones no lo ha podido hacer.

En cuanto al orador que tiene el honor de hablarles en nombre de su Ministro, es un gran honor y motivo de orgullo para mí el tomar la palabra y dirigirme a üds. con motivo de la vigésimocuarta sesión de la Conferencia de la FAO. Asimismo, quiero aprovechar esta ocasión para felicitar, en nombre de la Delegación que me acompaña, a los señores Presidente y Vicepresidentes de esta magna Asamblea, por su elección para dirigir las deliberaciones de esta Conferencia.

Quiero extender igualmente nuestras sinceras felicitaciones al Dr. Edouard Saouma por su reelección para un nuevo mandato en el puesto de Director General de la FAO. Esta nueva confianza a ia persona del señor Saouma patentiza la evaluación positiva de su servicio al frente de nuestra Organización en los períodos anteriores de su mandato y demuestra el espíritu democrático que prevalece en la misma.

En efecto, la FAO, desde su fundación, ha promovido proyectos y programas de desarrollo en el sector agrícola, con el propósito de elevar y mejorar el nivel de vida de los países menos favorecidos, con el fin de acortar la distancia que separa a los países en vías de desarrollo respecto a los países industrializados, estableciéndose unos llneamlentos por los cuales ha discurrido la cooperación entre unos Estados y otros.

Distinguidos señores, desde la fundación de la Organización, podemos decir que la situación en general para los países en vías de desarrollo y, en particular, para los países de Africa subdesarrollados ha variado ligeramente; aunque, si hemos de ser sinceros, debemos' reconocer que esta variación no corresponde a la medida de nuestra necesidad y deseo. Si por una parte ha aumentado el nivel de calidad de consumo, en algunas áreas de nuestras poblaciones se ha diversificado la producción, se dispone de más cuadros y - lo primordial - hemos pasado de los cultivos estrictamente de la exportación en la combinación de éstos con los cultivos básicos, aumentando paulatinamente el área de los volúmenes de producción de éstos últimos.

En lo que concierne concretamente a la República de Guinea Ecuatorial, el golpe de libertad de 3 de agosto de 1979 hizo posible el reintegro pleno de mi país a la comunidad internacional. Desde esa fecha, el país ha venido haciendo grandes esfuerzos para superar una situación de caos socioeconómico, para restablecer el dinamismo de su desarrollo y mejorar el nivel de vida de su población, dando énfasis a los sectores productivos agrícolas.

Por otro lado, como país eminentemente de vocación agrícola, ése fue el sector que más se resintió, y cuyos efectos todavía se siguen sufriendo. En efecto, el Producto Interior Bruto (PIB) se estima que creció, entre los años 1959 y 1964, a una tasa acumulativa del 5.4 por ciento. El sector agropecuario representaba más del 90% de ese Producto Interior Bruto; y la agricultura de exportación, el 77%, basada sobre tres productos principales, que alcanzaron niveles de producción que no se han vuelto a repetir: cacao (37,000 toneladas), café (8,000 toneladas) y madera (280,000 m3) . Durante la década entre 1968 y 1978, el país sufrió una caída económica atroz. Quedó inoperante el aparato administrativo y, concecuentemente a ello, el sector producción se redujo a su cota mínima. A partir de 1980, se inició la reconstrucción del país y la revitalización del proceso de desarrollo económico y social sobre nuevas bases. Los esfuerzos se encontraron, entre otros, en una serie de medidas para elevar la producción de alimentos y de los cultivos de exportaciones, a fin de equilibrar la balanza de pagos.

Sin embargo, la extensión del sector productor de alimentos se ha visto dificultada por la falta de insumos de los servicios de extensión, financiamiento, facilidades mínimas de almacenamiento, así como la falta de rutas y medios adecuados de transporte. El mercado interior no está debidamente estructurado y está limitado por el bajo poder de compra de los consumidores.

En consecuencia, persiste una agricultura de subsistencia de una producción casi estancada en sus cotas mínimas. Pese a los esfuerzos que realizamos para reactivar nuestra economía, lamentablemente los altos costos de exportación, los precios elevados de los insumos, añadidos a una coyuntura de precios internacionales bajos para nuestros productos afectan negativamente la rentabilidad de las inversiones, produciendo como consecuencia de ello una deserción y abandono cada vez más gradual del campo, frenando cada vez más el proceso de desarrollo de nuestros países y aumentando más la diferencia o distancia que nos separa de los países industrializados.


Esta diferencia abismal es origen del desequilibrio que cada vez se está imponiendo en el mundo por mantener posiciones económicas muy rígidas e intransigentes, haciendo difícil el diálogo, y deberíamos comprender que ese desequilibrio no es bueno ni para unos ni para otros.

La situación deficitaria que atraviesa la FAO, según hemos constatado en el discurso pronunciado por el señor Director General, nos llena de preocupación ante la esperanza que albergamos sobre esta Organización de verla cumplir sus objetivos. Estamos plenamente convencidos de que el mayor triunfo de la humanidad sería más brillante y efectivo si los países industrializados concentraran su atención a la solución de los problemas de malnutrición, hambre, miseria y pobreza que agobian a los países económicamente débiles, antes de hacerlo con el aumento de medios que llevan a la destrucción de la humanidad.

Pensamos que los proyectos, en el caso específico de Guinea Ecuatorial, pudieran tomar la estructura de proyectos de desarrollo rural integrados, pues el medio rural es complejo y carece de todo, por lo que el factor de aumento de producción debe ir emparejado con el de la comercialización, sanidad rural, transporte e infraestructura. En este sentido, mi Gobierno ha emprendido grandes esfuerzos con la puesta en funcionamiento de una escuela de formación de agentes de organización agropecuaria, y próximamente procederá a la inauguración de otra escuela para la formación de técnicos de nivel medio en la especialidad de agricultura, ganadería, pesca y forestal. Para ello, esperamos apoyo de la cooperación internacional.

Reiteramos una vez más nuestra felicitación al Director General de la FAO, augurándole éxitos en su nuevo mandato.

Third Report of the General Committee
Troisième rapport du Bureau
Tercer informe del Comité General

CHAIRMAN: It appears we have a quorum so we can adopt the two Reports of the General Committee. These are the Third Report on Election of Council Members, and the Fourth Report dealing with the appointment of the Director-General, and some resolutions. I request the Secretary-General to read the texts of the Third Report of the General Committee and its Fourth Report for adoption.

LE SECRETAIRE GENERAL: Voici d'abord le texte du 3ème Rapport du Bureau intitulé (élection du membre du Conseil).

1. Le Bureau appelle formellement l'attention de la Conférence sur les paragraphes de l'article XXII du Règlement général de l'Organisation reproduits ci-après:

"Article XXII-3 En choisissant les membres du Conseil, la Conférence s'efforce de tenir compte de l'intérêt qui s'attache:

a) à assurer au sein de cet organisme une représentation géographique équilibrée des nations intéressées à la production, à la distribution et à la consommation des produits alimentaires et agricoles;

b) à assurer la participation aux travaux du Conseil des Etats Membres qui contri­buent dans une large mesure à la réalisation des objectifs de l'Organisation;

c) à donner au plus grand nombre d'Etats possible l'occasion, par roulement des sièges, de faire partie du Conseil."

"Article XXII-4 Les membres du conseil sont rééligibles."

2 La Conférence a fixé la date limite pour la présentation des candidatures aux sièges au lundi 16 novembre 1987, 12 heures.

3 Le Bureau a examiné les propositions de candidature reçues à ce jour et en confirme la validité.

4 Ces propositions de candidature sont les suivantes.


REGION

PERIODE

CANDIDAT

AFRIQUE

a) Novembre 1987 au 31 décembre 1990

GUINEE
(4 SIEGES)
KENYA
LESOTHO
NIGERIA

b) ler janvier 1989 à novembre 1991

ANGOLA
.
(3 SIEGES)
CONGO
ETHIOPIE
ASIE

a) Novembre 1987 au 31 décembre 1990

INDE
(3 SIEGES)

PAKISTAN PHILIPPINES

b) ler janvier 1989 à novembre 1991

BANGLADESH
(6 SIEGES)
CHINE COREE

(REP. DE) INDONESIE JAPON MALAISIE THAÏLANDE

EUROPE

a) Novembre 1987 au 31 décembre 1990

FINLANDE
(4 SIEGES)

FRANCE ITALIE ROYAUME-UNI

b) ler janvier 1989 à novembre 1991

ALLEMAGNE
(3 SIEGES)

(REP. FED.) GRECE

TCHECOSLOVAQUIE TURQUIE

AMERIQUE

a) Novembre 1987 qu 31 décembre 1990

COSTA RICA
LATINE ET
(1 SIEGE)
PEROU
CARAÏBES

b) ler janvier 1989 à novembre 1991

ARGENTINE
(3 SIEGES)

NICARAGUA VENEZUELA

PROCHE-ORIENT

a) Novembre 1987 au 31 décembre 1990

ARABIE SAOUDITE

(3 SIEGES)

(ROYAUME D') EGYPTE IRAN (REP.

ISLAMIQUE D')

b) ler janvier 1989 à novembre 1991

IRAQ
(1 SIEGE)
PACIFIQUE

a) Novembre 1987 au 31 décembre 1990

AUSTRALIE
SUD-OUEST
(1 SIEGE)

5. Pour cinq régions, à savoir l'Afrique, l'Asie, l'Europe, le Proche-Orient et le Pacifique Sud-Ouest, le nombre de candidats pour la période novembre 1987.. - 31 décembre 1990 est égal au nombre des sièges à pourvoir . Un seul scrutin pour chacune de ces régions peut donc suffire pour que les candidats obtiennent la majorité requise par l'article XII-3 a) et b) du RGO. A ce propos, l'attention est appelée sur l'article XII-9 a) du RGO qui dispose que l'élection des membres du Conseil a lieu au scrutin secret, même dans les cas où il n'y a pas plus de candidats que de sièges


du Conseil à pourvoir. Pour la région Amérique latine/Caraïbes, il y.a plus de candidats que de sièges à pourvoir, à savoir 2 candidats pour 1 siège. Cela signifie que, dans le cas de cette région, plus d'un scrutin pourra être nécessaire avant que le siège vacant ne soit pourvu.

6. Pour la période ler janvier 1989 - novembre 1991, le nombre de candidats est égal au nombre de sièges à pourvoir pour deux régions, à savoir l'Afrique et le Proche-Orient. En conséquence, un scrutin peut suffire pour que les candidats obtiennent la majorité requise par l'article XII-3 b) du RGO. Aux termes de l'article XXII-10 g) du RGO "Les candidats qui sont battus lors de l'élection destinée à pourvoir le ou les sièges devenant vacants au cours de la première année civile figurent parmi les candidats au siège ou aux sièges devenant vacants à In fin de la deuxième année civile à moins qu'ils se désistent." En conséquence, pour la région Amérique latine/Caraïbes, il y aura 4 candidats pour 3 sièges lorsque le candidat battu lors de la première élection sera connu. En outre, il y aura, pour la région Asie, 7 candidats pour 6 sièges, et pour la région Europe, 4 candidats pour 3 sièges. Il se peut donc que, pour chacune de ces trois régions, plus d'un scrutin soit nécessaire pour pourvoir les sièges vacants.

7. Le Bureau note que, conformément au calendrier adopté par la Conférence, les scrutins auront lieu le lundi 23 novembre 1987.

8. Le Bureau recommande :

a) qu'en une première phase, des scrutins aient lieu pour toutes les période novembre 1987 - 31 décembre 1990, suivis éventuellement taires qui pourraient être nécessaires pour cette période;

b) qu'en une deuxième phase, des scrutins aient lieu pour toutes les régions intéressées par la période ler janvier 1989 - novembre 1991, suivis éventuellement par les scrutins supplémen­taires qui pourraient être nécessaires pour cette période.

CHAIRMAN: The floor is now open for comments or questions. If there are none, the Third Report of the General Committee on the Election of Council Members has been adopted by the Conference.

Third Report was adopted
Le troisième rapport est adopté
El tercer informe es aprobado

Fourth Report of the General Committee
Quatrième rapport du Bureau
Cuarto informe del Comité General

LE SECRETAIRE GENERAL: Le quatrième Rapport du Bureau comprend plusieurs parties: nomination du Directeur general, nomination du Président indépendant du Conseil et Vice-Présidents de la Commission III. Je lirai chaque section séparément.


PART I
PARTIE I
PARTE I

Nomination du Directeur général

1. La Conférence était saisie de deux candidatures au poste de Directeur général.

2. La Conférence, ayant procédé à un vote au scrutin secret, a nommé Edouard Saouma au poste de Directeur général pour une période de six années, du ler janvier 1988 au 31 décembre 1993.

3. En application de l'article XXXVI-1 c) du RGO, sur la recommandation du Bureau, la Conférence a adopté les résolutions ci-après:

A.

Résolution …/87

NOMINATION DU DIRECTEUR GENERAL

LA CONFERENCE,

Agissant en vertu des dispositions de l'Article Vil de l'Acte constitutif,

Ayant procédé à un vote au scrutin secret dans les conditions prescrites par l'Article XII du Règlement général de l'Organisation,

1.' Déclare qu'Edouard Saouma est nommé Directeur général pour une période de six années, à partir du ler janvier 1988, son mandat venant à expiration le 31 décembre 1993;

2. Décide que le traitement et les indemnités du Directeur général seront déterminés conformément aux dispositions de la Résolution .../87;

3. Décide en outre que les autres conditions de service du Directeur général seront régies par les dispositions applicables du Statut du personnel, sous réserve toutefois des dispositions du contrat signé par le Président de la Conférence au nom de l'Organisation et par le Directeur générai, en conformité de l'Article XXXVI.le) du Règlement général de l'Organisation.

(Adoptée le ... novembre 1987)

B.

Résolution .../87

EMOLUMENTS DU DIRECTEUR GENERAL

LA CONFERENCE,

Rappelant qu'en novembre 1981, à sa vingt et unième session, aux termes des paragraphes 1, 2, 3 et 4 du dispositif de la Résolution 19/81, elle avait fixé le traitement et les indemnités du Directeur général et qu'à sa vingt-troisième session, en novembre 1985, elle avait ajusté par la Résolution 15/85 l'indemnité de représentation du Directeur général, pour tenir compte de l’inflation,


Considérant que le traitement de base du Directeur général, de même que le barème des traitements du personnel du cadre organique et des catégories supérieures du Système des Nations Unies, est resté inchangé depuis 1975, et que l'ajustement de poste est gelé depuis décembre 1984 en vertu de la Résolution 39/27 de l'Assemblée générale, et notant que la valeur du dollar des Etats-Unis en lires italiennes a fortement baissé depuis que l'indemnité de représentation du Directeur général a été revalorisée pour la dernière fois,

Décide que

1. Le Directeur général continuera à recevoir le même traitement annuel brut de 119 429 dollars, soit un traitement net de 78 430 dollars par an avec charge de famille ou 69 714 dollars sans charge de famille, et un ajustement de poste de 644 dollars par point d'indice avec charge de famille ou 573 dollars sans charge de famille;

2. L'indemnité de représentation du Directeur général sera portée à 40 000 dollars par an à compter du ler janvier 1988.

(Adoptée le ... novembre 1987)

CHAIRMAN: We can now adopt this first part of the fourth report of the General Committee containing two resolutions which will receive a number in relation to the other resolutions to be adopted by .the Conference. Are there any comments or questions? If there are none, then the first part of the fourth report of the General Committee is adopted by Conference.

Part I adopted
Partie I adoptée
Parte I aprobada

I now request the Secretary-General to continue reading the second part of the fourth report of the General Committee.

PART II
PARTIE II
PARTE II

LE SECRETAIRE GENERAL:

Nomination du Président indépendant du Conseil

4 La Conférence était saisie d'une candidature aux fonctions de Président indépendant du Conseil.

5 La Conférence a élu au scrutin secret ... aux fonctions de Président indépendant du Conseil pour une période de deux ans expirant à la fin de la session ordinaire de 1989 de la Conférence et a adopté la résolution suivante:

Résolution . . ./87

NOMINATION DU PRESIDENT INDEPENDANT DU CONSEIL

LA CONFERENCE,

Ayant procédé à un vote au scrutin secret conformément aux dispositions de l'Article XII du Règlement général de l'Organisation,

1. Déclare que ... est nommé Président indépendant du Conseil pour une période de deux ans, c'est-à-dire jusqu'à la fin de la session ordinaire de la Conférence qui se tiendra en 1989;


2. Decide que les conditions et indemnités attachées à la charge de Président indépendant du Conseil sont les suivantes:

a) Une indemnité annuelle équivalant à 10 000 dollars des Etats-Unis pour frais de représentation et

services de secrétariat au lieu de résidence du Président, étant entendu que le Directeur général fournit un service de secrétariat au Président lorsque celui-ci assiste à des sessions du Conseil ou de la Conférence: la moitié de cette indemnité est payée en dollars des Etats-Unis et le solde, en totalité ou en partic, dans la devise du pays dont le Président est ressortissant, ou on lires italiennes, à son choix;

b) Une indemnité journalière équivalant à celle que reçoit le Directeur général adjoint, lorsque le

président s'absente de son lieu de résidence pour les affaires du Conseil, étant entendu que cette indemnité est ramenée à 20 dollars pendant la durée des voyages, effectués par un service régulier autre que maritime;

c) Les frais de voyage, y compris 'l’indemnité journalière ci-dessus, sont à la charge de l'Organisation, conformément à ses règlements et à l'usage établi, lorsque le Président assiste à des sessions du Conseil, du Comité du Programme, du Comité financier ou de la Conférence, ou lorsqu'il est invité par le Conseil ou par le Directeur général à se déplacer pour d'autres raisons.

(Adoptée le…… novembre 1987)

CHAIRMAN: The second part of the fourth report of the General Committee is now open for adoption by Conference. Are there any questions, remarks or observations? If not, the second part containing the resolution on the appointment of the independent chairman of the Council is hereby adopted by the Conference.

Part II adopted
Partie II adoptée
Parte II aprobada

I now invite the Secretary-General to read the last part of the fourth report of the General Committee.

PART III
PARTIE III
PARTE III

LE SECRETAIRE GENERAL: Vices-Présidents de la Commission III.

6 A la suite de l'adoption du deuxième rapport du Bureau par la Conférence, le 13 novembre 1987, la délégation de l'Australie a informé le Secrétaire général que le groupe Pacifique Sud-Ouest a reconsidéré sa proposition de candidature aux fonctions de Vice-Président de la Commission 111. Le Groupe propose la candidature de Monsieur Vaasatia Poloma Komiti (Samoa) au lieu de M. Michael Ryan (Australie).

7 Ayant examiné cette proposition, le Bureau recommande à la Conférence de nommer les t personnes ci-après à la Vice-Présidence de la Commission III:

M. M. JUSOH (Malaisie)

V. P. KOMITI (Samoa).


CHAIRMAN: The third part of the fourth report, which contains only a change in the vice chairmanship of Commission III, is now for adoption by Conference. Are there any questions, observations or remarks? If not, the third part is adopted by Conference.

Part III adopted
Partie III adoptée
Parte III aprobada

GENERAL DISCUSSION (continued)
DEBAT GENERAL (suite)
DEBATE GENERAL (continuación)

-STATEMENTS BY HEADS OF DELEGATIONS (continued)
-DECLARATIONS PES CHEFS DE DELEGATION (suite)
-MANIFESTACIONES POR LOS JEFES DE LAS DELEGACIONES (continuación)

Mercedes FERMIN GONZALEZ (Venezuela): Sr. Presidente: Debo felicitar a Usted, Sr. Presidente actuante, y a quienes fueron distinguidos como Presidentes y Vicepresidentes de esta Asamblea.

Igualmente debo presentar mis congratulaciones al Sr. Edouard Saouma por el reconocimiento de que ha sido objeto al merecer una elección por tercera vez para conducir a la FAO en este período tan importante y crucial en su vida institucional.

La paradoja del actual panorama internacional es la coexistencia de dos mundos cuya desigualdad los ha hecho hasta ahora irreconciliables:

De un lado, un gran número de naciones, casi las tres cuartas partes de la población mundial sometidas a las desventuras del subdesarrollo: la pobreza crítica, la verdadera miseria, mainu- trición, inseguridad, desempleo, incapacidad de producir aún su propio sustento; en una palabra, hambre.

Del otro, un reducido grupo de naciones poderosas, gracias a su gran desarrollo industrial y a las oportunidades que durante siglos les ha mantenido en su posición de disfrute de las riquezas del planeta Tierra.

Largo ha sido el camino que desde la revolución industrial han recorrido estos dos mundos en lucha. No incurriré en la ingenuidad de creer que haya en esta Asamblea quienes ignoren la historia de las peripecias vividas por las masas trabajadoras del hoy llamado Tercer Mundo (que os el mismo de los Imperios Coloniales), soportando las transformaciones que finalmente, tras la hecatombe de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, pareció que devolvían a dichas naciones su soberanía conculcada, el derecho de darse sus propias leyes en el plano político-social y en algunos casos su independencia, proclamada con toda solemnidad en la Carta de los Derechos Humanos.

Pero bien sabemos que no existe independencia si no está avalada en el terreno económico. 'Y este último acto de ese largo drama, en el cual siguen siendo actores las naciones del Tercer Mundo y las del mundo industrializado, no ha terminado aún, puesto que necesitan, unos y otros, arribar a la conclusio'n de que es la interdependencia la relación que los une y los separa, y que sólo una racional comprensión de tal realidad puede ayudarlos a vivir en paz para lograr una efectiva relación de cooperación en el trabajo productor de la riqueza.

Mientras los depositarios de todo el poder de la riqueza y de los medios para producirla - sin tomar en cuenta la fuerza del trabajo humano - no estén dispuestos a tal cooperación, la desigualdad continuará engendrando descontento, odios, retaiaciones, todos malos consejeros en la búsqueda del intendimiento y la paz.

Hace cuanrenta años creyeron los fundadores de la FAO que su tarea primordial era la de buscar soluciones a los problemas que enfrentaba un mundo destruido por la guerra, en el cual habían desaparecido muchas naciones en virtud de decisiones tomadas por las grandes potencias dominantes de ese tiempo.


Esos creadores de la FAO eran mentes esclarecidas, de gran visión humanista, soñadores ilusionados que avizoraban un nuevo panorama de justicia social, de mejoramiento para aquellas naciones que habían sufrido bajo el yugo secular del colonialismo, y ello se tradujo en sus mentes en los principios que por primera vez fueron plasmados en la Carta de los Derechos Humanos, demasiado conocidos hoy para repetirlos aquí.

No otra cosa fue el cometido asignado a la FAO en el contexto de las Naciones Unidas: lo relativo a la agricultura y la alimentación, que es, ni más ni menos, que la producción de los alimentos y la alimentación misma, y desde luego, todas las implicaciones consiguientes para atender a las naciones necesitadas, porque muy atinadamente pensaron ellos que era ese el binomio de fuerzas que ayudaría a la humanidad desposeída en sus necesidades esenciales.

Y así comenzó a delinearse el Programa de esta Organización, que ha venido dando cumplimiento con eficacia y acierto a tales objetivos.

En todos los países subdesarrollados y en vías de desarrollo es unánime el consenso acerca de ello.

Pero aquel grupo minoritario al cual hemos aludido ya no lo cree así y por ello han decidido plantear críticas acerca de la eficiencia, la transparencia y otros problemas que a su juicio merecen correctivos.

Es lógico; para beneficio de ellos no puede cumplir la FAO los objetivos para los cuales fue creada.

Ellos buscan satisfacción a sus intereses o rendimientos a sus inversiones, pues así tai vez deben considerar sus contribuciones.

Olvidan que la FAO pertenece a un.sistema multilateral, el cual no se comporta como un Banco o una corporación, en donde se habla de dividendos, inversiones, depósitos, ganancias.

Que la FAO no implica una relación bilateral interesada, sino que es además una Organización a la cual se pertenece y se contribuye voluntariamente, que casi significa decir desinteresadamente.

Pero por otra parto tampoco podríamos asegurar que talesmiembrosno so beneficiando la FAO. Tienen a su disposición ios resultados de las investigaciones y de la experiencia de multiples proyectos que se conducen en todo el mundo y que constituyen un precioso campo de experimentación en la tecnología, en trabajo de campo, realizados “in situ en muchos países en los cuales sin duda hay inversiones bilaterales de esos miembros de FAO.

¿Y eso no es ganancia? Precisamente los programas de campo y de cooperación técnica son los más fructíferos a ese respecto y no alcanzamos a comprender por qué son objeto de crítica y hasta de solicitud de reducción y eliminación.

Consideramos que son de gran utilidad para quienes reciben sus beneficios directos y como " casos de estudio" también para quienes estuvieren interesados en esas realidades. Y ya que entramos en el tema Il de esta Conferencia acerca de si es o no necesaria la revisión de algunos aspectos de la Organización es justo recordar que la FAO ha respondido siempre a las necesidades de cambios en sus estrategias, prioridades y métodos operativos que periódicamente aplica, lo cual se traduce en una mayor flexibilidad para atender a solicitudes o necesidades sentidas de los países miembros.

Tal es el caso de la descentralización de actividades a nivel de países. La eficiencia de la FAO ha sido constatada por medio de auditorías y agencias de inspección independientes a requerimiento de los propios órganos rectores. Por ello deberíamos llegar a la conclusión de que la acción emprendida por los países en cuestión no es impulsada por un celo de perfeccionamiento de la Organización. Ello deja entrever una intención de carácter político y, por consiguiente, tai actitud descalifica el propósito expresado en los diversos planteamientos, presentados a la consideración de esta Conferencia.

Por ello debemos salir al paso al intento de aprovechar la crisis de liquidez de la Organización para ejercer presiones que por inadecuadas se vuelven contra quienes las ejercen, poniendo en evi-


dencia el trasfondo de los verdaderos propósitos perseguidos, por lo demás bien conocidos y que podemos resumir como la lucha contra el mul'tilatéralismo, la cual busca convertir a la Organización en un instrumento para la aplicación de políticas al servicio de las relaciones bilaterales entre los países desarrollados y aquellos en vías de desarrollo.

Sr. Presidente, es posible que estudios oportuna y adecuadamente conducidos por la Organización misma consideren conveniente cambiar la orientación do la FAO y los objetivos establecidos on su Carta Básica s-i se Llegase a demostrar que nuevos objetivos responden mejor a las necesidades del mundo en desarrollo, en particular sobre aquellas cuestiones que en las esferas de la agricultura y la alimentación a nivel mundial aconsejan un cambio hacia un nuevo orden económico internacional más justo y equitativo para todos, tal como se expresa en la Resolución 3/75 adoptada unánimemente.

No negamos que el funcionamiento de nuestra Organización pueda mejorarse para ponerse a tono con los cambios tecnológicos, que son una realidad. Pero decididamente nos oponemos a la proposi­ción presentada por algunos países industrializados sobre el establecimiento de un grupo de alto nivel para estudiar la reestructuración de la FAO. Debemos recordar ai respecto que, por mandato de la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas, el Consejo Económico y Social creó una comisión especial para el estudio de la estructura del sector económico y social de las Naciones Unidas. Esta comisión debe terminar su estudio para el próximo año y es por ello que consideramos inne­cesario un estudio similar de la FAO hasta que no se conozcan las conclusiones y recomendaciones de dicha comisión, cuyo estudio incluye a la FAO.

Sr. Presidente: Venezuela, como país fundador de esta Organización, defiende los principios y objetivos formulados en su Carta Básica, pero considera que si fuese necesaria su modificación, debemos esperar los resultados del estudio antes mencionado. Ahora bien, en el marco de los prin­cipios de esta Organización el Gobierno venezolano viene conduciendo una política agrícola en cuanto a seguridad alimentaria; consolidación de la reforma agraria, en proceso; producción agrícola; mejoramiento de las condiciones de vida de la población en el medio rural, ampliando la superficie bajo cultivo en más de un millón de hectáreas el último año, introduciendo nuevos cultivos. Como un estímulo a los productores agrícolas se ha decretado la prohibición de importaciones agrícolas, al mismo tiempo que se promueve la política de exportación.

En este intento de promover las exportaciones agrícolas se ha visto afectada por los efectos del proteccionismo agrícola aplicado por los países desarrollados para proteger sus mercados. El mayor énfasis a la producción va dirigido a aquellos rubros deficitarios que se consideran básicos en la dieta popular.

Otro aspecto importante de este esfuerzo es el que se refiere a la investigación y la capacitación. El Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias pone en práctica medidas orientadas a generar tecnologías integradas por rubros y áreas de desarrollo. Nos complace anotar que en estas,, actividades de investigación y capacitación participa la mujer en condiciones de igualdad, así como ocurre igualmente en los otros campos del trabajo relacionados con la agricultura, como técnicas, profesionales universitarios, en la administración y en la dirección de proyectos.

Queremos anunciar aquí que la delegación venezolana presentará en esta Conferencia una resolución solicitando la creación de un grupo de trabajo que se ocupe especialmente de la problemática de la mujer en el medio rural.

Finalmente, deseamos asimismo aprovechar esta oportunidad para anunciar la decisión de nuestro Gobierno de adherirse al compromiso que la FAO adelanta en relación con los recursos fitogenéticos.

Djama MAHAMOUD DOUALE (Djibouti): Je voudrais tout d'abord, au nom de Son Excellence le Président HASSAN GOULED APTIDON et en mon nom personnel, féliciter M._Edouard SAOUMA réélu au poste de Directeur général de la FAO. Cette élection répond à nos voeux de voir confirmer la politique d'étroite collaboration existant entre l'Organisation et le gouvernement de la République de Djibouti.

L'année 1987 est pour la République de Djibouti une année importante puisqu'elle marque l'entrée de notre jeune république dans sa deuxième décennie.


Cette année est aussi celle du renouvellement du mandat de son Président, Son Excellence HASSAN GOULED APTIDON, qui a été réélu pour six ans par la quasi-unanimité de la population.

Pour cette nouvelle décennie qui commence, la volonté politique est la continuité et le progrès dans l'effort déjà accompli. La priorité déjà donnée au secteur primaire et au développement rural est confirmée. L'accent est mis sur l'organisation et la planification de nos actions.

En 1985 je soulignais, à cette même Conférence, les points importants que nous souhaitions appro­fondir avec nos partenaires pour avancer dans notre lutte contre la faim et vers un développement harmonieux de notre société rurale.

Deux ans après, et en connaissance du bilan de notre première décennie après l'indépendance, nous sommes en mesure de mieux préciser les principaux thèmes d'action en milieu rural que nous serions heureux de voir aborder au cours de cette conférence conformément à son ordre du jour. Notre premier thème d'action en milieu rural est celui de la mise en valeur de notre patrimoine naturel.

Chacun connaît la fragilité de nos ressources, la faiblesse de la pluviométrie, la difficulté d'atteindre les nappes aquifères; à l'actif de la décennie écoulée nous pouvons inscrire une avancée significative en matière de lutte contre la soif et une meilleure estimation de nos ressources; il nous faut encore compléter nos connaissances dans ce domaine.

Mais il nous faut aussi enrayer le processus de désertification qui menace notre territoire et étendre nos premières expériences de conservation des eaux.

Il nous faut encore engager une ation d'aménagement intégré sur l'ensemble de nos districts touchant nos espaces pastoraux et forestiers.

Il nous faut enfin compléter notre dispositif de protection de l'environnement pour lequel nous avons déjà préparé un cadre juridique.

Notre deuxième thème d'action en milieu rural est celui de la promotion des petites exploitations d'agriculteur, d'éleveur et de pêcheur.

Le phénomène dominant delà décennie écoulée a été celui de la sédentarisation partielle des popula­tions semi-nomades éprouvées par la sécheresse. Des éleveurs tout en conservant un petit troupeau sesont mis à la culture irriguée des légumes et des fruits, certains se sont mis à la pêche artisanale.Nous voulons encourager ces initiatives individuelles, aider à leur organisation par le groupement des producteurs et le mouvement coopératif, faire en sorte que les populations prennent en main leurdéveloppement en créant des unités d'exploitation familiales économiques rentables. Ainsi nousretiendrons ces populations flottantes sur leurs terres et ralentirons l'exode rural qui menace notrecapitale.

Pour cela il nous faut mettre en oeuvre les données de la recherche appliquée: pour la création de véritables oasis avec l'association des cultures maraîchères et fourragères, des arbres fruitiers et du palmier dattier - ainsi que pour la création d'un élevage sédentaire associé à l'agriculture. Il nous faut encore perfectionner nos moyens de pêche.

Il nous faut enfin permettre au système pastoral traditionnel, qui restera l'instrument prépondérant de la mise en valeur de la protection de nos espaces naturels, de s'organiser pour entrer vérita- -blement dans une économie d'échange.

Voilà, Mesdames, Messieurs, quelles sont nos préoccupations et nos ambitions.

Nous entendons poursuivre notre effort et trouver, auprès de votre organisation, des éléments de réponses aux problèmes techniques et économiques que nous rencontrons.


CHAIRMAN: I thank the distinguished delegate of Djibouti for his statement. Before continuing our work, I should like to say a word of special and warm welcome to a group of parliamentarians from the Federal Republic of Germany who have just arrived in this hall to make the acquaintance of our Organization and its work, which, as we all know, culminates in the Conference. We all know how important parliamentarians are, and I wish that they have a fair and good impression of the work we do and may go home with an even better feeling of support for the Organization. I wish them also a happy stay in Rome.

We will now continue our list of speakers. There was one distinguished representative of one country who has not had the floor before now. This is the distinghuished representative of Pakistan. I would now like to invite him to pronounce his statement.

Afzal QADIR (Pakistan): Thank you, Mr Chairman. I apologise for not being able to take the floor earlier this morning when you had called for me. Extremely bad traffic had precluded my getting here in time. I thank you for your indulgence in giving me the floor now. Mr Chairman, may I begin by expressing our warmest felicitations to you on your election as Chairman of the 24th Session of the FAO General Conference. We look upon your election not as a matter of routine, but as an expression of our conviction that each and every member nation, regardless of its status as an agricultural country, has a constructive role to play in the work of this Organization. Mr Chairman, our sense of gratification at your election is heightened by the fact that you are an outstanding leader of Kuwait, a country with which we are bound by many indissoluble ties of history, culture and faith. We wish you, Mr Chairman, all success in your endeavours and assure you of every possible cooperation in the discharge of your responsibilities. I will take this opportunity to also felicitate the three distinguished Vice Chairmen, the representatives of the Netherlands, Bangladesh and Cape Verde, three countries with whom we also have very close, cordial and friendly relations. I also would like to extend to them our fullest cooperation in the work they are doing.

Mr Chairman, when we had assembled in Rome for the 23rd FAO Conference in 1985, it was the 40th anniversary of FAO, and the occasion was one of looking back, one of introspection and stock-taking. When we assemble now in 1987 for the 24th Conference, under your august chairmanship, the occasion is one when one must look ahead. As we look ahead, there is much that appears daunting and disturbing for the FAO, for the UN system, and the world at large. And this calls for a fresh resolve and a fresh vision. The FAO appears to be entering an unprecedented period of financial crisis, the UN system itself is under stress, and the world at large is bedevilled by a myriad of social, political and economic problems. Of course, Mr Chairman, in the vast kaleidoscope of issues and problems facing the world, the role and place of the FAO can, at best, be a relatively modest one. Yet, because FAO's activities directly or indirectly impinge upon the lives of thousands and millions of people around the world, especially the poorer and less privileged ones among them, FAO has a purposeful and significant function to perform. It is therefore important for us to preserve and enhance its role and function. The Organization seems to be entering into a difficult period, largely as a result of factors outside its control. But we are confident that under the dynamic leadership of Director-General Edouard Saouma, and with the fresh mandate he has now received, FAO will be able to surmount all difficulties and weather all storms. And, Mr Chairman, we would like to extend to Director-General Saouma, through you, our best wishes for his success in his endeavours in the future.

Mr Chairman, the immediate task facing the Organization relates to the passage of the Programme of Work and Budget. For the year 1988-89, Mr Chairman, Pakistan subscribes to the Programme proposed to the Conference, and we very much wish and hope that it will be adopted by consensus. The modest size of the programme should be acceptable to everyone. Also, its technical content, as reflected in the implementation of the Tropical Forestry Action Plan and the Plan of Action on Fisheries, has already received the fullest possible support of member states. There are some other activities within the programme which we would also wish to strongly support - because of their future importance to developing countries. Among these are the work in support of biotechnology and the work of the Commission on Plant Genetic Resources.

Mr Chairman, while a large part of our work in the Conference will be occupied with FAO's own internal financial, administrative and constitutional concerns, the Conference agenda will, at the same time, provide us an opportunity to reflect on the state of the world in which we live and must act.


The state of food and agriculture in the world today, and its prospects up to the year 2000, will also be matters for serious attention during the Conference. Mr Chairman, while the vision of a world of plenty in food is realizable, even the basic necessities and needs of life elude the majority of mankind. Among the necessities, food obviously stands at the top. It was with the utmost anguish that we had noted at the last session of the World Food Council in Beijing, that the incidence of hunger and malnutrition in the world has in fact accelerated in the 80s compared to the previous decade. It is obviously imperative that not only the world's conscience is awakened to the human gravity of the problem, but also urgent and effective remedies are adopted to solve these problems. While the goal of technical advancement and increase in agricultural production need to be constantly pursued, it is being increasingly realized that unless the problem of poverty and lack of purchasing power of the poor is successfully tackled, hunger and malnutrition will continue to persist, and possibly worsen. In this respect, the WCARRD Programme of Action, whose progress we will be reviewing during this session, is of great importance. We have to recognize that the stupendous problem of poverty and hunger has to be tackled mainly by the developing countries themselves, not only through increased production but also through more equitable distribution and increased-levels of employment and incomes. External food aid, and the judicious utilization of the vast food surplus existing in the developed part of the world today, can play a useful role, especially in emergency situations. But, given the magnitude of the food problem and the limited size of food aid flows in relation to total world food consumption, the dent that food aid can make in solving the overall problem is rather limited - though it may be of considerable localized importance. A good example of its utility of food aid and importance is available from our own country, where the timely food assistance provided by the international donor community through the WFP and the UNHCR for the Afghan refugees in Pakistan, has proved to be of great humanitarian value. We would like to take this opportunity to record once again our sincere appreciation to the donors and to the WFP and UNHCR for what they have done.

Mr Chairman, it has to be acknowledged, as has already been stressed by several delegates, that suitable policies and solutions to problems have to be found by the developing countries themselves within the context of their individual, special, and sometimes unique, circumstances. But at the same time, the international organizations and community of nations also have a role to play in this respect. FAO's role in policy advice, information, dissemination and technical assistance is of course a foremost example. But one can mention other international organizations as well. To name only one, from our own region, CIRDAP, the Centre on Integrated Rural Development for Asia and the Pacific, which was established in Bangladesh in 1979 at the initiative of FAO, has been playing a useful role in assisting national action and promoting regional cooperation in rural development through exchange of research results, training and dissemination of information.

Mr Chairman, I thought I would mention a word about CIRDAP because of the well-known fact that the Governing Council of CIRDAP will meet in December 1987 in Islamabad. This Council meeting will be inaugurated by the President himself. The fact that the President will inaugurate this function testifies to the importance we in Pakistan attach to this Organization. Having made an assessment of the usefulness of the role of CIRDAP, it will be our expectation, it will be our hope, that the donor countries will come forward with donations so that this Organization becomes financially viable. We would also like to ask the countries of the area embraced by CIRDAP who are not members of the Organization to join it or those countries who used to be members in the past but are no longer so, should do the same, giving the Centre in Dhaka a helping hand in the service of the rural poor.

Mr Chairman, we feel that there still remains a tremendous scope for further cooperation between the international bodies working in the field of food and agriculture such as the FAO, IFAD, WFP, etc. Cooperation between FAO and IFAD, as exemplified in the work of FAO's Investment Centre, and between FAO and WFP as exemplified by co-financed projects in which WFP provides food resources for the labour component of IFAD's development projects, are good examples of collaboration between international organizations. We urge further collaborations of this nature in future.

Mr Chairman, neither the individual and collective efforts of international organizations, nor the political will and actions of the developing countries themselves, can resolve some of the unpropitious features of the international environment that exist today and are creating obstacles in the solution to the problems of food and poverty in the developing countries. The external trade environment facing the developing countries is a major stumbling block to their development. Protectionist policies in many developed parts of the world are shutting out exports of developing


countries, in respect even of those commodities in which they enjoy a comparative advantage. In this respect, some expectation (and we hope not a flimsy expectation!) can be pinned on the-current "Uruguay Round" of multilateral trade negotiations under GATT. All countries should be urged to play a positive role in matters of trade, and repudiate the sort of beggar-thy-neighbour policies that are now being pursued in many quarters. The FAO, through its work in the field of commodities, and in its monitoring and follow-up of the Uruguay Round, should exert the maximum possible influence to open up the world markets for the food and agricultur.il products of developing counties. Under the prevailing trade and commodities situation in the world, it would be a pity if the work of the Trade and Commodities Division of FAO and its Intergovernmental Groups were to be curtailed - as indeed is being proposed due to the financial squeeze.

Mr Chairman, the surplus food situation in the world to which we are becoming accustomed since the last few years, now appears to be showing some signs of strain. In Africa, famine still lurks in the background while in Asia, after a happy hiatus, food shortage appears to be rearing its head again. In some parts of Asia, including parts of my country, there has been an unprecedented drought; while in some other parts, there have been' unprecedented floods. With crop failures in parts of Asia, and production cutbacks in some important food surplus countries, the food supply position in the world could be heading towards some difficulty. Though it is too early to raise a general alarm, it is a timely warning against taking food self-sufficiency in over-populated Asia, and food surplus in the world as a whole, for granted.

Mr Chairman, I am on the point of concluding my statement and I will not take more than two minutes.

In my country, Mr Chairman, the crop sector has been performing well over the past many years. Both the main food crop, wheat, and the main cash crop, cotton, have reached record levels of output. Also, rice, our main foreign exchange earner, reached a record level of production last year. Because of the good crops, and the consequent build-up of stocks, the government was able to embark on a policy of deregulation of internal trade in these major food crops. This year, however, because of severe drought in some parts of the country, and a generally dry spell and erratic weather in most parts, the sugar-cane, rice and coarse grain crops have been adversely affected. But the cotton crop remains intact,and a bumper harvest is expected.

Mr Chairman, our aims and policies for the future, in the food sector, will be: to accelerate the pace of modernization of agriculture to increase the yields per acre of crops; consolidate our present self-sufficiency in grains, make a determined effort to regain self-sufficiency in sugar, and reduce our dependence on imported edible oil; diversify our agriculture towards high value fruit and vegetable crops; and provide an improved policy framework and supporting infrastruture and services for the livestock sector in order to bring about a major transformation in the productivity of this sector.

Mr Chairman, we are conscious that productivity increased and overall self-sufficiency in aggregate food production cannot in themselves be enough to ensure food security to all our peoples. To achieve the objective of food security the Prime Minister of Pakistan, Mr Mohammad Khan Junejo, has launched a Five Point Programme in the country designed to bring about a transformation in the life of our poor people living in the rural areas through social and economic upliftment projects. Mr Chairman, the programme is aimed at generating rural income, provision of.facilities for health, housing, education, drinking water, roads and electricity to the rural areas of the country. Mr Chairman, the reason why the Prime Minister took this bold initiative introducing the Five Point Programme was because of his assessment that over the years the condition of the poor people living in the rural areas has been neglected, and that our development has been urban-biased to the detriment of 75 percent of the people who inhabit the rural areas, and the Prime Minister realizes that a reliable democratic process can only be ushered in the country when these people in the rural areas play a meaningful role in the affairs of the State, untrammelled by poverty, malnutrition and disease.

Mr Chairman, with this brief description of the efforts and achievements in our country, I would like to end my statement. But I cannot do so without hoping and praying that this Conference will be a successful one, and our deliberations in the Plenary under your able guidance, as well as in all the Commissions of the Conference, will proceed in a fruitful and harmonious manner.


LE SECRETAIRE GENERAL: Le Secrétariat a reçu deux interventions avec demande d'insertion au procès-verbal dans le cadre du débat général. Il s'agit d'une part d'une déclaration de Son Excellence le Ministre du développement rural de la République centrafricaine qui n'a pas été en mesure de pro­noncer sa déclaration en plénière, d'autre part, d'une déclaration du Secrétariat du Commonwealth.

Si la Conférence n'y voit pas'd'objection et avec votre autorisation, Monsieur le Président, nous ferons insérer sos déclarations dans le compte rendu.

Théodore BAGUA-YAMBO (République centrafricaine): Cette 24ème session de la Conférence de la FAO se tient à un moment décisif pour l'Afrique. En même temps qu'elle devait faire face à ces problèmes immédiats tels que la sécheresse, la menace acridienne, la peste bovine, la malnutrition, l'analpha­bétisme, le continent se trouve confronté à une crise aiguë due principalement aux doubles effets de la chute du prix des matières premières, et de la baisse du cours du dollar réduisant davantage les ressources financières des Etats africains, déjà ployés sous ce poids de l'endettement.

Il y a dix-sept mois, en effet, la session extraordinaire de l'Assemblée générale des Nations Unies révélait les véritables dimensions de cette situation critique du continent.

Cette assemblée générale affirmait, avec une vigueur exceptionnelle, que le développement économique de l'Afrique ne peut se réaliser qu'en accordant une priorité à l'agriculture.

Mon pays, la République centrafricaine, est un pays essentiellement agricole. Il bénéficie de conditions naturelles favorables à une économie rurale diversifiée. Si aujourd'hui mon pays apparaît comme une terre d'espoir, c'est bien parce que nous avons compris que pour un pays qui ne connaît pas le miracle pétrolier, la révolution verte demeure sûrement la voie principale de la réussite.

Le secteur rural centrafricain en 1986 représente près de 41 pour cent du produit intérieur brut, fournit environ 60 pour cent des recettes d'exportation et fait vivre 85 pour cent de la population. Le Plan quinquennal que nous venons de présenter au mois de juin dernier à la table ronde de Genève prévoit que 26 pour cent des investissements seront dirigés vers le secteur rural.

Suite à cette table ronde, une réunion thématique sur ledit secteur est prévue à Bangui, capitale de la République centrafricaine au deuxième trimestre de l'année 1988. Il y sera défini, avec les bailleurs de fonds de Centrairique, la stratégie sectorielle du développement rural avec la mise en place d'une programmation pluriannueile glissante appuyée sur des évaluations complètes et des estimations plus précises des charges récurrentes des projets envisagés.

J'évoquais tantôt la session extraordinaire de l'Assemblée générale des Nations Unies. Lors de cette Assemblée générale, il avait été adopté, le ler juin 1986, par consensus, un programme d'action intitulé "Programme d'action des Nations Unies pour le redressement économique et le développement de l'Afrique 1986-1990". De surcroît, toujours dans le cadre de cette session extraordinaire, les pays africains et la communauté internationale ont décidé de s'engager résolument sur là voie du développement "dans un esprit de partenariat et sur un pied d'égalité". Or, que constatons-nous un an après l'adoption de ce programme d'action? La situation économique de nombreux pays africains s'est détériorée en raison d'un certain nombre de facteurs exogènes notamment l'augmentation de la charge de la dette et la dégradation des prix des produits de base qui a entraîné pour ces pays une diminution importante de leurs recettes d'exportation. Il est extrêmement urgent de rechercher des solutions à ces problèmes afin de réduire les difficultés que bon nombre de gouvernements africains, parmi lesquels celui de la République centrafricaine,rencontrent dans la mise en oeuvre des programmes de réforme et d'ajustements structurels.

L'étude de la FAO sur l'agriculture africaine largement débattue et approuvée à la Conférence régionale de la FAO à Yamoussoukro en septembre 1986 avance une conclusion essentielle. Je cite: "L'Afrique pourrait produire beaucoup plus et satisfaire la plus grande partie de ses besoins ali­mentaires... l'utilisation accrue d'intrants et de moyens de production plus efficaces constituerait la base d'un tel progrès". Fin de citation. Mais la situation qui prévaut actuellement sur la majeure partie du continent devient de plus en plus tributaire de l'environnement international.


Le cas de la République centrafricaine est assez symptomatique des éléments de la situation que je viens d'évoquer et que je me permets de vous exposer.

En juin 1987, le FMI a approuvé en faveur de la République centrafricaine un accord do confirmation de 12 mois portant sur 8 millions de DTS ainsi qu'un accord de 3 ans au titre de la facilité d'ajustement structurel (FAS) portant sur 14,3 millions de DTS. Depuis lors, les recettes d'exportation ont présenté une forte baisse par rapport aux prévisions en raison de l'effondrement des cours mondiaux de nos principaux produits d'exportation: café, coton, tabac, bois, ce qui a contribué aux difficultés d'application du Programme d'ajustement macro-économique et structurel à moyen terme. En outre, malgré des mesures correctives adoptées au deuxième semestre pour accroître les recettes budgétaires, les recettes ordinaires de l'Etat pour l'ensemble de l'exercice n'ont pas atteint le montant inscrit au programme, de sorte que les finances publiques ont accusé un déficit plus élevé que prévu.

Face aux exigences de cette situation économique et financière défavorable, nous avons pris d'impor­tantes mesures dans le cadre d'un Programme d'ajustement en plus des actions de stabilisation pour contenir le déséquilibre extérieur et chercher à obtenir un redressement financier des secteurs pro­ductifs de l'économie conformément au Plan quinquennal 1986-1990. Ledit Programme d'ajustement structurel repose sur trois orientations statistiques fondamentales:

- premièrement: création d'un climat propice aux initiatives privées;

- deuxièmement: désengagement progressif des entreprises et organismes publics des secteurs pro­ductifs et commerciaux, parallèlement à l'amélioration de la gestion des entreprises maintenues dans le secteur public;

- troisièmement: amélioration de la gestion des ressources publiques, grâce à la réduction du déficit budgétaire de l'administration centrale et à l'extension d'un programme d'investissement bien conçu.

L'ajustement budgétaire sera renforcé par la réforme de la Fonction publique et du système éducatif. Le gouvernement décide à cet effet de constituer un Fonds destiné à fournir des encouragements finan­ciers aux agents de l'Etat qui quittent la Fonction publique, en particulier à ceux qui envisagent de créer une entreprise agro-sylvo-pastorale ou d'exercer une profession libérale quelconque; l'appui financier des donateurs contribuerait au succès de cette initiative, car les ressources propres du pays sont limitées, le montant des aides ayant stagné depuis 5 ans, alors que le volume de nos investissements a quasiment triplé on 1985 et 1986.

L'assistance financière de la communauté internationale sous forme de nouveaux dons et prêts conces-sionnels extérieurs est l'un des éléments essentiels à la réalisation des objectifs du programme de la République centrafricaine. Il est clair que la stratégie de croissance de mon pays ne connaîtra pas de succès sans apports adéquats des donateurs au financement du Programme d'investissement.

A cet égard, le Président de la République centrafricaine, président-fondateurdu Rassemblement démo­cratique centrafricain, le Général d'armée André Kolingba, devait déclarer à latable ronde de Genève,je cite: "Au niveau international, les deux conditions nécessaires pour que la République centra­fricaine puisse se développer sont:

- premièrement: une amélioration sensible des cours mondiaux de nos principaux produits d'expor­tation, notamment, ceux du coton, du café et du bois.

- deuxièmement: une augmentation des flux financiers sous forme de dons et de prêts à conditions douces". Fin de citation.

Monsieur le président.

Mesdames et Messieurs,

A l'ordre du jour de cette 24ème session de la Conférence de la FAO, il est également inscrit, outre la situation mondiale de l'alimentation et de l'agriculture, l'état de l'ajustement agricole international, des points comme la Journée mondiale de l'alimentation, l'étude de faisabilité sur l'élargissement de l'aide en nature sous forme d'intrants agricoles, le rôle des femmes dans le développement agricole, etc.


La bonne alimentation est un souci permanent du Gouvernement centrafricain qui ne cesse de mener depuis ces dernières années des campagnes de sensibilisation dans ce sens. La participation de la FAO à la J.M.A., depuis son instauration en 1981, a été plus que matérielle. Au fil des ans, la J.M.A. a pris des dimensions considérables en République centrafricaine. Cette manifestation a été même institutionnalisée et a été jumelée, depuis le 16 octobre 1985, à la fête annuelle des moissons où prennent part, dans une liesse traditionnellement africaine, d'importantes délégations de la masse rurale de toutes les préfectures du pays.

A propos de l'aide en nature, il est extrêmement urgent de dresser le bilan des résultats, d'évaluer ce que pourraient fournir les pays industrialisés et d'étudier les bases de l'élargissement éventuel d'une telle aide. J'évoquais tantôt le faible niveau d'emprunt et l'insuffisance de l'aide internationale aux pays africains pour relancer leur politique agricole; il faut un appui de la communauté internationale dans les quatre domaines décisifs du développement agricole que la FAO a appelés les quatre "i": incitations, intrants, institutions et infrastructures. Ce n'est pas du blé ou du riz que nos agriculteurs ont besoin. Une telle aide n'encourage que le chômage, la paresse et le ralentissement, voire même l'arrêt du processus d'industrialisation amorcé par les pays en développement. Ce qu'il nous faut,ce sont des engrais, des pesticides, des outils agricoles, des chaînes d'attelage, des moyens de transport sans oublier leur maintenance.

Voilà, Mesdames et Messieurs, les quelques réflexions que j'ai tenu à apporter à nos débats en ce moment opportun et crucial et qui pourraient contribuer à renverser certaines tendances défavorables qui continuent à prévaloir sur l'économie de nos pays caractérisée déjà par son faible taux de croissance, les déséquilibres des finances publiques et la balance des paiements ainsi que le faible taux d'investissement. Le souhait de mon pays est de. rechercher des solutions à court, moyen et long termes aux problèmes de l'alimentation et de l'agriculture en coopération avec des partenaires loyaux et surtout dans un cadre comme celui qui nous est offert présentement 1/

J.K. MUTHAMA (Observer for the Commonwealth Secretariat): The Commonwealth Secretariat feels honoured by the invitation to participate in the deliberations of the 24th Session of the Food and Agriculture Organization as an observer and to reaffirm its strong links with FAO. It is particularly gratifying for us to be here and reaffirm our long standing association in the common cause of assisting developing countries in their efforts to abolish poverty and improve the quality of life of rural people.

It may be recalled that the traditional biennial meeting of the Commonwealth Agriculture Ministers which is normally held before the FAO Conference was held this year on 6th November in these very premises and over 40 countries who are also members of the FAO participated in that meeting. Commonwealth Secretariat is grateful to the FAO for the facilities extended to it for holding this meeting.

The Commonwealth as you know, Mr Chairman, is a voluntary intergovernmental organization and the functions of its Secretariat are mainly consultative. Among its 49 members, who represent one-quarter of the world population, there is a wealth of experience reflecting different stages of development. Further, in view of our historical links, shared language and traditions and special relations with governements of member countries, we are in a unique position to play a catalytic and gap-filling role in their development efforts. While our efforts may be modest in terms of material resources, they are significant, particularly in the area of human resources development through providing training, technical assistance and fostering cooperation and facilitating exchange of experience and thus complementing the efforts of other agencies.

As regards the work of the Secretariat, during the last two years most of the activities of the Secretariat have been focussed on Commmonwealth Africa. As a follow up to the report of the Commonwealth Action Group, which submitted its report in August 1985, and which was subsequently endorsed by the Commonwealth Agricultural Ministers and Commonwealth Heads of Government in Nassau, the Secretariat initiated a number of programmes and activities aimed at assisting African member countries.

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1/ Texte reçu avec demande d'insertion au procès-verbal.


It may be recalled that in his presentation of the Annual Report of FAO, the Director-General has made a reference to the Brutland Commission and its work in the area of Conservation for Sustained Development. The Secretary General of the Commonwealth Secretariat was a member of this Commission and the Secretariat proposes to follow up the recommendations of this Commission. The recent meeting of the Commonwealth Heads of Government held in Vancouver has endorsed a report on Conservation for Sustained Development prepared by the Commonwealth Secretariat and has urged the Secretary-General to initiate action to implement the recommendations of this report. The Secretariat is at present actively engaged in implementing these recommendations. We are looking forward to a fruitful collaboration with FAO in this venture.

The Secretariat continues to provide technical assistance to member countries in terms of experts in a number of fields, to facilitate cooperation and exchange of experience in developing countries.

Some of the other activities organised by the Secretariat in the last two years are:

- Regional workshop on food production strategies for the Carribean, Barbados;

- Training course on diagnostic and design of conservation strategies for smallholder farmers, Malawi ;

- Workshop on food supply information systems for Commonwealth Africa, India; and

- Workshop on small farmer comprehensive programme for Commonwealth Africa, Bangladesh.

Some of the areas identified by the Commonwealth Secretariat for special attention in the next two years are Conservation for Sustainable Development, Agricultural Diversification, Agricultural Services and Fisheries.

While the major focus of attention of the Secretariat in the recent past has been on Africa, activities in other regions of the Commonwealth are also being continued. The work of the Secretariat in Asia and the Pacific is being mainly looked after by the Consultative Group for Asia and the Pacific, which is based in Sri Lanka. During the last years, the "Group has organized activities in seed development, extension, small farmer development, dryland farming, etc. Its major focus has been on sponsoring short-term study visits for officials of member countries for commodity-specific studies in other countries of the region. The participants in most of these activities have been functionaries from small island states in the Pacific.

I hope this brief account of the activities carried out by the Secretariat in the recent past will illustrate the scope and potential for collaboration between the Secretariat and FAO.

We are grateful to FAO for their assistance in the implementation of our activities and look forward to a closer and more fruitful collaboration in future 1/.

Mfanasckaya GQOBOSE (Pan Africanist Congress of Azania): Allow me on behalf of the Pan Africanist Congress of Azania (PAC) to congratulate you and the members of the Bureau elected to preside and conduct the affairs of this Session until it ends its work. Under your able hands we can perform our own work here with confidence.

The PAC further wishes to congratulate Mr Edouard Saouma upon his election for another six year term. The National Liberation Movements in Southern Africa, of which PAC is one, have for many years admired the tireless efforts of Mr Saouma in assisting these Movements. We are looking forward to another six years of fruitful cooperation with FAO through him. And we are certain that the needs of the National Liberation Movements in agriculture and food production will be served even better than in previous years. As a servant of over 150 Member States of FAO, Mr Saouma reflects the understanding and assistance which all these States provide to the National Liberation Movements. In this respect the PAC wishes to put on record that FAO could never have found a more dedicated man than Mr Saouma.

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1/ Statement inserted in the Verbatim records on request.


Mr Chairman, the PAC has for many years benefited from FAO in technical and professional services rendered to us. The economic policy of PAC as a National Liberation Movement which is striving to be a future Government of Azania is firmly based on self-reliance with priority given to self- sufficiency in food. We believe that in our country the African people, after winning their freedom from racist political oppression, must also be freed from the oppression of hunger. The liberation struggle is teaching us, as well'as experiences throughout Africa and other parts of the world, that hunger is an enemy that cannot be defeated by arms, guerrilla warfare nor even by revolution but by hard work of the sons and daughters of a country on their own farms and pastures. Consequently members of PAC in exile are engaged in self-reliance projects of various kinds in a farm settlement which the Government of Tanzania has allocated to us. Naturally we give priority to food production; first, to be able to feed ourselves and cease to be a burden on the host country and secondly: while in exile to qualify in agricultural skills which will be of use to us in our country after liberation. With these two considerations it can be appreciated therefore why PAC values the technical assistance we receive from FAO.

Mr Chairman, in our farm settlement in Tanzania we are already engaged in development projects of which agricultural activities are paramount. We have cultivated and produced rice, maize, sorgum, cowpeas, pineapples and bananas. Poultry has been introduced and is being sold for profit. Dairy cattle, piggery and fullscale horticulture will be introduced next year. Educationally we have 12 students in training at schools of agriculture in Tanzania and in other countries in Africa. They are taking different types of courses including agro-mechanics which is important to us because of the increasing inputs we receive in agricultural machinery, tractors, trailers, ploughs, planters, road scrapers and lately a bulldozer.

Mr Chairman, the settlement farm we are developing is meant to be a self-contained establishment consisting of agricultural activities, residential buildings, schools; health care centre, childrens'home, food storage facilities, outdoor and indoor activities etc. The construction of this village-type settlement was begun on the basis of a Plan drawn up by us for low-cost housing schemes. The relationship between agricultural activities and the construction of the village is the achievement of self-reliance since people living in the settlement must be self-sufficient in food.

Mr Chairman, the importance of assistance which FAO provides to National Liberation Movements in our country is not confined only to technical assistance. It is far greater than that if we realize that in our country 87 percent of the richest land is occupied by only 5 million white minority racists, while only 13 percent of the poorest land is occupied by 32 million Africans. The effect of this on the land occupied by Africans is heavy soil erosion, desertification and all other environmental hazards on the part of the soil, and hunger, poverty and disease on the part of the African people. Such conditions cannot fail to have an impact on FAO. Hence the importance of _its technical assistance to National Liberation Movements and through them the African people. Under these conditions FAO is adding its contribution to the salvation of our people. This is the greater part FAO is playing.

We whose country has been usurped by the white minority racists, have been deprived of proper education to develop our human capabilities because of the existence of the politically abominable system of apartheid which regards all people who are not white as inferior and therefore not worthy of human dignity. Training in all aspects of agriculture which FAO is offering is therefore very vital to us.

Mr Chairman, the white minority racist regime, in order to entrench its hegemony in the whole of Southern Africa, has for some time been heavily engaged in the destabilization of the frontline states. It does this by supporting with arms and other war materials its puppets, the NMR in Mozambique and Unita in Angola.


As I am speaking at this moment, Mr Chairman, the white minority racist army is fighting the Angolan army in its own territory. And for the arrogance of it all, the racist President P.W. Botha a few days ago visited Angola in person to encourage the invasion by his troops of a foreign country. This is the glaring manifestation of destabilizati on. As a resuit the people in these countries are afflicted with hunger, malnutrition and disease.

This destabilization policy of the white minority racist regime has an effect on FAO because of the consequences of hunger and the environmental causes it brings about. In addition, Mr .Chairman, the racist regime invades the territories of these frontline states on the pretext of seeking for so-called terrorists whom they say want to enter racist South Africa, They kill the nationals of these countries and destroy their properties. In the process they also kill refugees from South Africa who have been granted legal status to reside in these countries. Again the pretext is that these refugees are terrorists, when they carry no weapons. The racist regime has unleashed a reign of terror in the whole region of Southern Africa. It is fully armed with all modern weapons. Seemingly it looks very powerful, but in fact it is weak because the balance sheet of moral imperatives is agaist it. Even its cousins Britain, West Germany and the United States who fully support it economically through massive investments and other business dealings and militarily through sanctions busting, are struggling with their consciences in the face of daily atrocities committed by their proteges in Southern Africa.

But, Mr Chairman, we wish to remind these cousins of the white minority racists in our country that no people has ever been oppressed for ever, that the African peoples are certain to win their freedom, and that the countries supporting the white minority racists will lose all their interests and influence in our country.

Finally, Mr Chairman, the PAC wishes to pay tribute to FAO for its excellent work world-wide espe­cially in the trouble spots of the Middle East where the Zionists are committing atrocities against the Palestinian people as led by the-PLO and in Southern Africa where the white minority racists are similarly engaged against the African people. The PAC and the PLO are engaged in a common cause against common enemies who have common backers.

I wish to encourage FAO to continue to assist National Liberation Movements and the PLO with full confidence. FAO provides assistance as a technical not a political body. The National Liberation Movements who are engaged in armed struggle need FAO's expertise not to use it politically or mili­tarily. We have other friends who assist; us with weapons to wage armed struggle. FAO must continue with its noble task of contributing to the elimination of hunger in the world for the benefit of all mankind.

ATIM Shamsui HAQUE (Observer for the Centre on Integrated Rural Development for Asia and the Pacific)

Please allow me at the very outset to join the learned speakers before me in extending warm felici­tations to you, Mr Chairman, and to the three Vice-Chairmen for your unanimous election to these offices and for conducting the proceedings of the Plenary Meetings so ably. Our heartiest congratu­lations to Mr Edouard Saouma on his re-election as the Director-General of FAO. We are confident that his continued leadership will enable the Organization to further gain in strength and stature.

I represent CIRDAP, the Centre on Integrated Rural Development for Asia and the Pacific. This regional, intergovernmental and autonomous organization was set up in July 1979 by the Asia-Pacific countries at the initiative of FAO and with support from the concerned UN agencies and donors. Its headquarters are in Dhaka, Bangladesh. At present there are eleven member countries of CIRDAP -five from South Asia - Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, and six from South East Asia - Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and Viet Nam. A number of other countries of the Asia-Pacific region, although not yet members of CIRDAP, participate in the activities of the Centre.


CIRDAP is mandated to assist national action, promote regional cooperation and act as a servicing institution for its member countries with respect to integrated rural development. The principal objective of CIRDAP is to help alleviate rural poverty through people's participation in the devel­opment process and through research, action research, training and information dissemination, CIRDAP tries to achieve its objectives. The Centre functions through a network of link institutions in its member countries with the aim, in particular, of improving the production, income and living con­ditions of small-scale farmers and other needy rural groups. CIRDAP, whose creation coincided with the WCARRD, promotos exchange of experience and analysis in agrarian reform and rural development opinent among developing countries in line with the programme of action developed by WCARRD, whose follow-up action will be discussed in the course of this Conference.

The research projects of CIRDAP deal with key issues of rural development in general, and of integrated rural development in particular. Of late, more and more emphasis is being given on action-oriented programmes. Starting from 1986, CIRDAP has been offering regular training courses on various aspects of rural development. CIRDAP has recently initiated video documentations of success stories in rural development, and has completed a project on the state of the art, a report on rural development.

Mr Chairman, FAO and the Government of Japan have been supporting CIRDAP from its inception. The Centre has recently begun to have collaborative programmes with, among others, the Commonwealth' Secretariat, the Economic Development Institute of the World Bank, the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), the Asia and Pacific Development Centre, the UN International Research and Training for the Advancement for Women, the Ford Foundation, the Canadian International Development Agency, the Asian Development Bank and the Government of the Netherlands.

The first ever Ministers' Meeting on Rural Development in Asia-Pacific, organized by CIRDAP in collaboration with the Government of Bangladesh, was held in Dhaka in April this year. The highlight of the meeting was the adoption of the Dhaka Declaration on Rural Development which underscored thé significance of regional co-operation in rural development. In the Dhaka Declaration, the Ministers of the Asia-Pacific Region appreciated the performance of CIRDAP and called on the international community to provide all support to strengthen the role of the Centre. They also invited other countries of the Asia-Pacific Region to join the CIRDAP family. To strengthen- rural development activities both at national and regional levels, on a sustained basis, the Ministers emphasized the importance of having a formal ministerial forum to exchange knowledge, experience and expertise, and to provide quality guidelines in the sphere of rural development.

The next meeting of the CIRDAP Governing Council, as already stated by the distinguished representative of Pakistan, is to be held in Islamabad in the first half of December 1987. It will be attended by a number of Ministers from the CIRDAP member countries. The President of Pakistan has agreed to inaugurate the meeting.

Coinciding with this meeting, the Government of Bangladesh has allowed the historic Chameli Hoúse in the heart of the city of Dhaka, worth about $3 million, for the permanent headquarters of CIRDAP. The President of Bangladesh laid the foundation stone of the multistorey building during the meeting.

It will be recalled that the CIRDAP member countries have already agreed to enhance their contribution to CIRDAP in what has now come to be known as the Jakarta formula. A six-member evaluation team led by Professor Hiroyuki Nishimura of Japan has just concluded an evaluation of CCIRDAP activities. The team observed that compared to other similar bodies set up in the last decade, our performance has been commendable. Our projects and related activities have been considered to be in the right direction.

In conclusion, Mr Chairman, may I draw your attention to the message sent by Mr Saouma on the occasion of the Bangladesh-CIRDAP meeting. The Director-General stated that the establishment of CIRDAP was an important step in the collaborative efforts in rural development of the countries of the Asia-Pacific Region. An inter-governmental organization like CIRDAP was a strong complement to the efforts of the United Nations system in promoting rural development. The role of CIRDAP in promoting regional cooperation had been well recognized and FAO was proud of its financial and administrative support to CIRDAP. FAO was also glad to cooperate with the innovative programmes of CIRDAP on landlessness, women in development and the monitoring and evaluation of agrarian reform and rural development.


On the same occasion, the distinguished representative of the Government of Japan stated that the two basic thoughts lying behind the Japanese financial support to CIRDAP were the expectation of improvement in the lives of the rural poor of the region through the well-thought-out activities of the Centre, and the belief that a predominantly rural economy could never be developed without a major breakthrough in rural development.

Against the backdrop of what has been said, I fervently appeal through you, Mr Chairman, to the CIRDAP member countries, to the Director-General of FAO, and to the donor countries' agencies to provide adequate support to CIRDAP to enable the Centre to further intensify its efforts in helping to alleviate rural poverty, thereby improving the quality of life of the teeming millions in the countries of the Asia-Pacific region.

Mr Chairman, may I avail myself of this opportunity to thank the delegates who have referred to the role and activities of CIRDAP in their statements.

CHAIRMAN: We have come to the end of the list of speakers. I have had a request from the Secretary-General of the Organization of the Islamic Conference to insert his statement in the verbatim record of today because he is not in a position to deliver his speech orally. This brings us not only to the end of the programme for this morning, but also to the end of the general debate. We are pleased to see that we are half-a-day ahead of the timetable.

Syed SHARIFUDDIN PIRZADA (Observer for the Organization of the Islamic Conference): It is an honour and a privilege for me to address the 24th Session of the General Conference of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. I would like to express my profound gratitude to you Mr Chairman and to His Excellency Mr Edouard Saouma, the Director-General of the FAO for inviting me to speak on behalf of the Organization of the Islamic Conference which has a membership of 46 Muslim countries, all of whom belong to the Third World.

Allow me, Mr Chairman to congratulate you on your well-deserved election as the Chairman of the current Session of the General Conference of the FAO. I am sure that under your wise and experienced guidance, this Session will adopt far-reaching recommendations and plans to banish the threat of famine, hunger and malnutrition from our planet.

May I also avail myself of this opportunity to congratulate His Excellency Mr Edouard Saouma on behalf of the OIC and on my own behalf, on his re-election as the head of the FAO for a third term of office. I am confident that under his able and dynamic stewardship the FAO will continue to move towards the achievement of the noble objectives for which it was established more than four decades ago.

I would like to compliment the Director-General for his frank and forthright apprnisal of the situn-tion in the field of food and agriculture as contained in his Report to the Conference. The high level of the debate during the past few days has clearly demonstrated the determination of the Organization and its Member States to overcome the major problems in the field of food and agriculture through effective planning, policies and programmes.


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The current Session of the FAO General Conference is taking place against the backdrop of serious and continuing threat of famine, hunger and malnutrition in the developing world, particularly the least developed countries of Africa and Asia. The problem of food and agriculture has to be viewed in the overall context of the economic situation of the developing world which continues to be bleak. The development plans of the under-developed countries have been inhibited and curtailed in the face of increased protectionist measures, limited export earnings, higher import bills, adverse terms of trade, reduced international assistance and accumulated debt burdens. As a result the urgently required resources for essential investments in the agricultural sector leading to increased production have not been available to the necessary extent. It is a pity that the more affluent nations seem to be indifferent to this situation and are unwilling to support solutions which would wipe out these scourges from the life of people all over the world.

The Organization of the Islamic Conference, whose Member States are developing countries, with a large majority having agro-based economies, has since its inception, been dealing with the problems of food security and agricultural development. The Plan of Action to strengthen economic cooperation which was adopted at the Third Islamic Summit Conference in 1981 and which has since then served as the basis for economic cooperation activities of the Organization, has given the highest priority to food and agriculture. The Plan of Action deals with the problems of food security, the need to create regional food reserves, the establishment of agro-based and agro-related industries, improvement of agricultural infrastructure and transport facilities and assistance to Member States affected by natural calamities and natural phenomena such as desertification, deforestation, water-logging and salinity.

The Casablanca Summit Conference held in 1984 and the Kuwait Summit Conference held in 1987, as well as the Ministerial Meetings on Food Security and Agricultural Development of the OIC Member States and the Coordination meetings held in Rome during FAO General Conferences have discussed these issues and adopted programmes of cooperation for the Member States involving exchange of information and expertise, compilation and preparation of studies on key agricultural issues and other cooperative measures in order to develop a coordinated approach to food security and agricultural issues. These efforts, Mr Chairman, are meant to benefit not only the Member States of the OIC but also other, developing and least developed countries.

While there has been some progress in the international production of food specially in Asia and Latin America, including the Islamic countries, during the last decade, the rise in domestic food production could not keep pace with the rapid increases in population. Unfavourable agro-ecological conditions, under-utiIization of existing land resources, lack of proper education and absence of advanced farming equipment and implements, coupled with a shortage of funds necessary for land reclamation and improved irrigation projects were other factors responsible for this situation. The failure to raise domestic production to the level required for meeting the domestic demand for food in some OIC countries, led to a rapid rise in the import of food and other agricultural commodities, while exports lagged behind, leading to ever-growing deficits on this account. Consequently, a number of our-Member States still face acute food deficit problems which acquired grave proportions in the case of African countries, particularly those of the Sahel, adversely affected by the drought of recent years.

FAO's programme and activities are geared to the achievement of sustained increases in the production of food and agriculture in the developing world, and the cooperation between the OIC and the FAO in these problem areas has proved beneficial. FAO, together with the International Fund for Agricultural Development, has supported the work of the OIC in these areas. The Islamic Conference hopes to continue to draw upon the vast expertise of FAO in the implementation phase of its own Programme of Action and is ready to extend full cooperation to FAO in its activities.

The Member States of the Organization of the Islamic Conference are determined to attain food self-sufficiency in collaboration with other developing countries and to invest the necessary human, material and financial resources to support efforts in this direction. A coherent set of measures


has been devised and a common strategy evolved. I am sure that the deliberations of this Session will further contribute to bring about food autarky and agricultural self-sufficiency, in the developing world, including the Islamic World. This is a gigantic undertaking and I pray that our joint endeavours will succeed.

In conclusion, I would like to thank you once again for giving me this opportunity to address this august gathering.1/

RIGHT OF REPLY
DROIT DE REPONSE
DERECHO DE REPLICA

John Cook (United States of America): Mr Chairman, the United States of America wishes to exercise its right of reply. My delegation strongly rejects the statement by the representative of the Pan Africanist Congress of Azania, in which he made reference to the United States while discussing matters not on the Agenda of this Conference. The United States delegation regrets that statements of such a political nature were delivered here, as they are not appropriate to this forum.

The meeting rose at 12.45 hours
La séance est levée à 12 h 45 I
Se levanta la sesión a las 12.45 horas

___________________________
1/ Statement inserted in the verbatim records on request


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