Equipment notes

French manufacturers
German manufacturers
English manufacturers
Italian manufacturers
Swiss manufacturers

All-purpose Vehicles Manufactured in Europe ¹

¹ By Micheline Tuffier, Division des Exploitations Forestières du Centre Technique Forestier Tropical, Nogent-sur-Marne. This is an up-to-date version of an article which appeared in Bois et Forêts des Tropiques, No. 29, May-June 1053.

Technically, an all-purpose vehicle should have the following features:

1. The front axle must be convertible into a driving axle in ease of need Still better results are obtained if there are two driving axles instead of one at the rear, the driving axle being normally the rear axle. The second model, called the "6 x 6", is that adopted in the G.M.C. and in most surplus war vehicles. It has a more evenly distributed load and exerts less pressure on the ground. For the user who is concerned with costs, the "6 x 6" has the disadvantage, compared with the "4 x 4" of needing four extra tyres, and an axle with its transmissions, universal joints, etc. It follows that the factory price is higher and expenditure for maintenance and repairs heavier. However, for a vehicle to be really suitable for all types of work, its front axle must be a driving axle; then the two axles are always over two distinctly different parts of the terrain. In fact, for peacetime use, the "4 x 4" model will usually prove adequate. This system is greatly to be preferred to that of the double rear-driving axle without front-driving axle which, while it allows better load distribution, only has limited advantages as regards travelling over all types of ground.

2. A double gearbox (with transfer box) making it possible to gear the car very low on very rough ground: this double gearbox, however, can be dispensed with if the usual gearbox has a sufficient number of speeds, some very low.

3. High ground clearance and stout casing protection for the relatively fragile parts that might be damaged by irregularities of the ground

4 Outstanding sturdiness.

5. Differential locks which facilitate travelling over rough ground: this advantage, however, has to be weighed against the risk of stripping the gears if the driver forgets to unlock the differential when he gets back on to the highway. In some cases the system is completed with a center distributor (with a differential self-locking device) so as to distribute the driving force to the axles in proportion to their grip.

6. Tropicalization: like other types of equipment employed in tropical forest regions, all-purpose vehicles have to operate under sometimes very high temperatures and more especially very humid conditions. They therefore have to be thoroughly "tropicalized" as regards electrical fittings, coatings, and the parts containing rubber or fabric.

7. Facilities for attaching winch on the front: a towing winch is useful for light all-purpose vehicles, frequently required to clear rather difficult obstacles, and also for some logging trucks.

The principal manufacturers of all-purpose vehicles are given below:

French manufacturers

BERLIET

Type GLC.8.a.

The Berliet Motor Company exhibited, for the first time, at the 1953 Motor Show (1-11 October) the GLC.8.a., a 4-wheel drive vehicle manufactured entirely at its plant.

With a load capacity of 6 tons, the GLC.8.a. has a 5-cylinder, 125 h.p. at 2,000 r.p.m., Berliet-diesel engine.

Its 5-speed gearbox allows 10 combinations, including 5 reduced speeds by a 2-ratio transfer box. The latter has a differential that distributes the driving force to each front wheel through two separate transmissions. In first low gear its speed under load over all ground conditions is 3 km/h.

The GLC.8.a. appears to be specially constructed for forestry operations and for bunching in the bush.

Type GLB.5.HWT

The Berliet GLB.5.HWT chassis is the all-purpose version of the GLB.5.HWT chassis. It can be equipped either with the 4-cylinder, 75 h.p., at 2,200 r.p.m. diesel engine, or with the 4-cylinder, 95 h.p. at 2,800 r.p.m. gasoline engine. This chassis, seen in Figure 1, can be supplied for the "4 x 4" or the "6 x 6".

Type "4 x 4"

Mounted on 4 driving wheels, this vehicle has a 3-ton load capacity on different types of ground and 4.5 tons on the highway.

An HWT type transfer box controls either the rear axle on the highway, or the two front and rear axles when not in road use.

FIGURE 1 - The Berliet GLB.5.HWT chassis which is used for two truck models -Type "4 x 4" with a load capacity of 3 tons off the highway and 4.5 tons on the highway, and Type "6 x 6" with a 5 ton capacity on all ground conditions.

It has 4 speeds and can be geared down by the transfer box (that is, a total of 8 speeds forward and 2 reverse). It is noteworthy that, at 1,000 r.p.m. at first normal driving position and with the transfer box in low gear, its speed is 2.6 km/h.

Type "6 x 6"

The standard rear-axle of the GLB.5 is replaced by a rear propelling unit (H.W.T.) consisting of a transfer box (with 2 reduction gear ratios) on which are connected two rear-axles facing each other.

The actual transmission of the driving force to the two rear axles is ensured by a self-locking differential having two gear ratios.

The rear-axles, which are of the non-bearing axle type, also have a 2-ratio reduction gear.

With the original gearbox, the vehicle thus has 4 x 2 x 2= 16 ratios forward and 4 in reverse.

On account of its 3 driving axles and self-locking differentials, this truck can carry a load of 5 tons on all ground conditions.

BERLIET: Vénissieux (Rhône); H.W.T. HERWAY-THORN, 48 rue de Malte, Paris.

DELAHAYE

Speedy, suitable for all conditions, very sturdy, the V.L.R. Delahaye was specially constructed for inspecting logging camps, hauling small loads of goods over different kinds of soils, and if needed, for towing.

The chassis is made in two different types:

1. The V.L.R. chassis operating on 24 volts.
2. The V.L.R.C. 12 chassis operating on 12 volts.

Apart from this difference in voltage for the main electrical equipment, the features of the two chassis are identical. Its main features are:

a) engine:	4 cylinder,
	3,600 r.p.m.,
	63 brake horsepower:
b) gearbox:	4 speeds forward and 1 reverse,
	1 two-ratio reduction gear giving 8 combinations for ward and 2 reverse;
c) front and rear axles:	equipped with a differential look;
d) dimensions and weights:	overall length: 3.41 m,
	turning radius: 11.5 m,
	weight when empty: approx. 1,300 kg.
	load capacity: 450-500 kg.;
e) performance:	speeds ranging from 3 to 110 km/h.

The transmission unit of the V.L.R., by making the front wheels drive wheels, allows a good grip to be maintained on difficult tracks and with its speed-reducing gear allows travelling over very rough roads.

There is a device for looking the front and rear differentials and so maneuvering out of the roughest stretches.

DELAHAYE, 10 rue du Banquier, Paris 13^ème.

FORD

The French Ford Company has put out a type of truck (5-ton load capacity). If desired, it can be fitted with a gasoline or gas-oil engine:

a) gasoline engine:	V8 Ford type 90° cylinders,
	100 h.p. at 3,800 r.p.m.
b) gas-oil engine:	"Hercules" type 6-cylinders
	95 h.p. at 3,000 r.p.m.

Marmon-Herrington conversion. For over 15 years the "Marmon-Herrington" has been converting the 5-ton Ford truck into an au-wheel drive vehicle, with reduction gear, 8 speeds forward and 2 reverse.

The Marmon-Herrington equipment mainly consists of a front driving axle replacing the original front axle and a transfer box for controlling the two driving axles. It greatly increases the potential of the truck on rough ground.

SOCIÉTÉ FORD, Poissy - S. et O.

LABOURIER

This firm exhibited at the Lille Fair at the beginning of 1953 a new "6 x 6" all purpose truck, identical in design with the "4 x 4" model (HUD series, truck also equipped with a 90 h.p. Unic-diesel engine).

The following all-purpose vehicles are manufactured by the Labourier firm:

Type "4 x 4"

Model	Engine				Load capacity in tons
	Type	No. cyl.	H.P.	R.P.M.
LD.80 F.	diesel	4	80	1900	7
		6	115	1900	7
LD.F	Unic/diesel	4	80	1500	15
HUD	Unic/diesel	6	120	1900	10
HUD	Unic/diesel	4	90	1950	8
JL.3 NM	diesel	4	80	1900	6.5

These 5 types of trucks - equipped with a differential locking device - have a gearbox with 5 forward speeds and 1 reverse.

It is to be noted that the LD.80 F truck-tractor can be most useful in tropical countries because of its sturdiness.

Type "6 x 6"

In addition to the vehicle exhibited at the Lille Fair, the Labourier firm makes a 6-wheel drive truck able to haul an 8-ton load, and equipped with a 6-cylinder 130 h.p. Unic engine running at 1,900 r.p.m. It has 5 speeds that can be geared down by the transfer box, namely a total of 10 speeds forward and 2 reverse.

LABOURIER, Mouchard, Jura.

LATIL

The Latil vehicles continue to be as follows:

Tractor, type H.14.TL.10

The Latil tractor, type H.14.TL.10 is a 4-wheel drive vehicle widely adopted by tropical loggers; it is equipped with a 4-cylinder diesel Latil engine checked at 65 h.p., or on request with an 85 h.p. gasoline engine.

Its gearbox has 4 speeds and 2-ratio reduction gears, making 8 forward speeds ranging from 2 to 48 km/h.

It is fitted with 2 differentials, 1 for the front wheels, one for the rear wheels, fitted with a locking device controlled from the driver's seat.

Light transport-tractor, type H.14.Al.TL.10.

Originating from the former type, of which it is a new version, this tractor can not only "pull" but also "carry".

With a load capacity of 3 tons it can be utilized as a light log hauler, being able to haul 5 to 8 tons with a trailer.

It is very useful as a "4 x 4" vehicle for all kinds of haulage on different types of ground.

Vehicle, type H2N.TR.P.Z.

With a load capacity of 18 tons, this vehicle is derived from the 120 h.p. tractor used for heavy farm work and for earthwork.

With 6 driving wheels, including 2 steering wheels, it can be used as a truck or trailer tractor; its engine is a 6-cylinder, 120 h.p. at 1,850 r.p.m. Latil-diesel H2N.

With 4 speeds forward and 1 reverse it has a 2-ratio reduction gear, obtaining for the entire transmission a range of 8 forward speeds, ranging from 3..5 to 44 km/h and 2 reverse speeds.

It has 3 transversal differentials (1 per axle) and 1 longitudinal differential on the transmission, locked from the driver's seat.

Note. - A new transport truck, H.14.Al.TZ type, with a 5-ton load capacity, and 3 driving axles, equipped with the H.14.Al.TL.10 type, 65 h.p. engine, will soon be on the market. Results of its use in tropical countries should prove interesting.

LATIL, 8, Quai Galliéni, Suresnes - Seine.

FIGURE 2 - The 7 ton "6 x 6" model, one of the three special chassis designed by Panhard Levassor to meet all ground conditions. It is equipped with a 4-cylinder 80 h.p. Panhard-diesel engine

PANHARD

The Panhard-Levassor firm is now making three types of special chassis, designed for work on all types of ground:

1. "3.5 ton 4 x 4"
2. "7 ton 4 x 4" (7 tons on the highway, 4 tons off the highway).
3. "10 ton 6 x 6" (10 tons on the highway, 7 tons off the highway).

They are equipped with 4-cylinder 80 h.p. Panhard-diesel engines, ("3.5 ton 4 x 4") and 100 h.p. ("7 ton 4 x 4" and "10 ton 6 x 6").

The front driving axle of the chassis can be ungeared at will, which gives a 4-wheel drive for the "4 x 4" chassis (10 speeds) and a 6-wheel drive (8 counting the dual wheels) for the "6 x 6" chassis with double rear axle (20 speeds). Figure 2 shows "7 ton 6 x 6".

They can be equipped on request with the Eaton double rear-axle combined with the H.W.T. distributor, which quadruples the 5 normal combinations of the gearbox by allowing - with the engine turning at its optimum rate of 2,000 r.p.m. - the reduced speed of 4.25 km/h., useful when climbing on bad ground.

These vehicles can be equipped with gasoline engines and power take-offs. A front winch, especially with the two-speed transfer case, increases its uses.

SOCIÉTÉ PANHARD-LEVASSOR, 19, avenue d'Ivry Paris 13^ème

RENAULT

The Régie Nationale des Usines Renault has recently brought out a light commercial 4-wheel drive vehicle, that has a workload of 750 kg. on widely differing ground conditions.

Originating from the Renault 1,400 kg. chassis, this model can be supplied in cab-chassis, van or canvas-top truck. It has a 4-cylinder overhead valve gasoline 52 h.p. engine running at 3,200 r.p.m. It has 8 forward and 2 reverse speeds. A transfer box controls the two front and rear axles; it permits using either the rear axle alone for ordinary highway driving, or the dog-clutch, the front and rear axles simultaneously for cross-country driving. In high gear and on the ordinary highway the vehicle can attain 72 km/h.; this speed is reduced to 48 km/h., by using the transfer box. With a load of 750 kg. it can climb 47 degree slopes.

It is particularly worth noting that the Régie Renault has made for this equipment an open cab with folding windshield and hood.

Prairie Savane and Pick-Up

Renault regularly puts out its colonial series Prairie Savane and Pick-Up, also with four driving wheels, the load capacity being 500 kg. on all terrains and 800 kg. on the highway.

A few months ago, a 750 kg. canvas-top truck, a 750 kg. van, a 500 kg. Prairie and a 500 kg. Pick-Up, all with four driving wheels, covered the circuit trip from Casablanca to Conakry, via Dakar, Bamako, Gao, Bobo-Dioulasso, Abidjan, Kankan, crossing the sands of Mauritania, the Niger, the forest regions of the Ivory Coast and of French Guinea.

The Renault all-purpose vehicles are in general use by the army and the police forces stationed in the territories of the French Union.

Note. - A new Renault all-purpose truck, the 3.5 ton ("4 x 4") will be ready shortly. Originating from the 7-ton chassis, this vehicle has a work-load of 3,500 kg. cross country and 7 tons on the highway. The total grip and pull exerted by the front wheels enable it to go anywhere and to climb 45 degree slopes. It will be equipped with a 6-cylinder, gasoline (or diesel) 105 h.p. horizontal engine, running at 2,300 r.p.m.

RÉGIE NATIONALE DES USINES RENAULT, Billancourt - Seine.

WILLEME

The Willème firm is now making the two following all-purpose vehicles:

Type T.T.10 "4 x 4"

a) load capacity:	10 tons;
b) engine:	diesel, 6 cylinders, 175 h.p.
	13.54 liters cylinder capacity;
c) gearbox:	8 speeds in all (4-speed gearbox and transfer case);
d) differential look.

Type T.T.15 "6 x 6"

a) load capacity:	15 tons;
b) engine:	diesel, 8 cylinders, 240 h.p.
	19 liters cylinder capacity,
c) gearbox:	8 speeds in all (4-speed gear box and transfer box);
d) differential lock.

Although the tests made for these two types are very conclusive the Willème firm did not show these trucks at the recent Motor Show. They will probably be ready for delivery very shortly. Their use in tropical countries should show interesting results.

WILLÈME, 58 rue Noêl Pons, Nanterre.

German manufacturers

BORGWARD

This company recently exhibited at the Frankfort Motor Show a new version of the "B. 4,000" truck. It can now be made with four driving wheels, the rear axle being a driving axle.

With a load capacity of 4.5 tons, its engine is a 6-cylinder, 4-stroke, 95 h.p., 2,400 r.p.m. diesel.

The other main features are:

a) 5 speeds forward, and reverse;
b) wheelbase:	3.80 for dump body,
	4.20 for platform-rack body;
c) speed:	72 km/h.;
d) tyres:	"Metallic B.20" dual rear.

CARL F. W. BORGWARD COMPANY, Bremen.

BUSSING

Two 4-wheel-drive trucks are made by the Bussing Works: the 6,000 type and the 8,000 type.

Their specifications are:

Type "6,000"

a) engine:	diesel,
	6 cylinders,
	1,800 r.p.m.,
	120 h.p., water cooling;
b) speeds:	5 forward and one reverse;
c) wheelbase:	4,800 mm.
d) total chassis loading:	7,600 kg.

Type "8,000"

a) engine:	diesel,
	6 cylinders,
	1,600 r.p.m.,
	180 h.p., water cooling;
b) speeds:	5 forward and one reverse;
c) wheelbase:	5,340 mm.;
d) total chassis loading:	9,800 kg.

Sufficiently powerful to cope with the toughest working conditions, these trucks seem to combine the properties usually demanded of an all-purpose vehicle.

BUSSING NUTZKRATWAGEN GMBH, Braunschweig.

FAUN-WERKE

Type F.60KF, "4 x 4"

The Faun-Werke makes an all-purpose truck with a load capacity of 8 tons, equipped with a 130 h.p. at 1,500 r.p.m., air-cooled diesel Deutz engine and a 6-speed gearbox. See Figure 3.

On rough ground it can travel at speeds ranging from 5 to 48 km/h.

This type of truck can be supplied with a log trailer. For displacement when empty a device permits mounting the bar-wheels on the truck, an important advantage because it prevents unnecessary use of the trailer and hence road wear and tear.

FAUN-WERKE, 53 Hofener Strasse, Nürnberg.

FIGURE 3 - The type F.60.KF, "4 x 4" all-purpose truck at present in production with Faun-Werke. With an air-cooled, 130 h.p. diesel Deutz engine, it has a load capacity of 5 tons and a speed range of 5 to 48 km/h.

FORD

Type G.398.TA

Some time ago, Ford out put a 4-wheel drive all-purpose truck with a load capacity of 3.5 tons, equipped with a 4-cylinder, 106 h.p., 3,500 r.p.m. gasoline engine.

FORD COMPANY, Köln.

HENSCHEL

Long experience in the manufacture of all-purpose trucks has resulted in types HS.100A, HS.140, and HS.170, now in mass production with Henschel and Son. For type HS.100A see Figure 4.

Type HS.100A

a) engine:	diesel Henschel, type 512 - DI,
	6 cylinders,
	2,400 r.p.m.
	100 h.p.;
b) chassis: (wheelbase)	4,200/5,200 mm.;
c) load capacity:	6,000 kg.

FIGURE 4 - Model HS. 100A, one of the all-purpose. trucks now in production with Henschel and Son. A special feature of this truck is its 5-speed gear box and transfer box giving 10 forward speeds.

Type HS.115

a) engine:	diesel Henschel, type 522 - DP,
	6 cylinders,
	2,600 r.p.m.,
	115 h.p.;
b) chassis: (wheelbase)	3,850 mm.;
c) load capacity:	6,000 kg.

Type HS.140

a) engine:	diesel Henschel,
	type 513 - DC,
	6 cylinders,
	140 h.p.
b) chassis: (wheelbase)	3,600/4,200 mm.
c) load capacity:	9,000 kg.

It should be noted that types HS. 100 A and HS. 115 have a 5-speed gear box and transfer box, which give 10 forward speeds. HS. 140 has a 4-ratio gearbox and additional 2-ratio over-drive range, with 8 speeds.

Type HS.170

The Henschel truck construction program has recently been completed by a large transport truck, equipped with a 6-cylinder, 170 h.p. Henschel diesel engine.

By adopting 4 driving wheels and being able to engage or disengage front traction while in motion, the grip-providing weight of these trucks can be utilized to the maximum, so that even on sodden roadways it is practically impossible for the truck to get bogged and immobilized because of inadequate grip.

Henschel and Son has gone especially into the problem of replacing the G.M.C. truck by a vehicle, also all-purpose, having identical properties. They also supply diesel engines adapted to use with the G.M.C.'s and the Diamond's to replace on the latter the gasoline engines whose very high fuel consumption is a serious handicap.

HENSCHEL AND SON, GMBH, Henschelstrasse 16, Kassel.

KAELBLE

The Carl Kaelble Company exhibited two diesel trucks specially designed for log haulage, at the Frankfort Motor Show.

Type KDV.631

a) load capacity:	14 tons;
b) engine:	diesel,
	150 h.p.,
	1,400 r.p.m.,
	14.3 liters cylinder capacity;
c) axles:	3, if desired the front axle can be a drive axle;
d) wheelbase:	3,500 mm.;
e) speeds:	6, ranging from 5 to 45 km/h.

Type KV.612

a) load capacity:	5.7 tons;
b) engine:	diesel,
	120 h.p.,
	1,600 r.p.m.,
	9.7 liters cylinder capacity;
c) axles:	2, if desired the front axle can be a drive axle;
d) wheelbase:	4,175 mm.;
e) speeds:	6, ranging from 6.6 to 60 km/h.

CARL KAELBLE GMBH, Backnang, Postfach 43.

KRUPP-SÜDWERKE

Krupp-Südwerke of Essen exhibited at the Frankfort Motor Show, 19-29 March 1953, two types of 4-wheel drive all-purpose trucks.

Type "Drache"

a) load capacity:	8-10 tons;
b) engine:	diesel, equipped with Krupp engine brake,
	145 h.p.,
	1,700 r.p.m.,
	2-stroke, 4-cylinder
c) minimum speed:	2.5 km/h.;
d) maximum speed:	on the highway: 60 km/h.,
	off the highway: 35 km/h.;
e) ground clearance front and rear:	650 mm.;
f) fording depth:	1 m.;
g) tyres:	11.00 x 24 (special tread design).

It has a transfer box, permitting 12 forward and 2 reverse speeds, and an air-actuated differential lock.

Type "Gigant"

This chassis with 12 forward and 2 reverse speeds is equipped with a 2-stroke, 6-cylinder, 210 h.p. at 1,700 r.p.m. diesel engine. Like the "Drache" it is fitted with a differential lock, a transfer box and the Krupp engine brake.

The "Gigant" type is made in two models, the "AM. 180" and the "AM. 160" (dump body 10 m³ and 9 m³).

Type AM.180

a) load capacity:	20 tons;
b) speed off the highway:	(minimum) 5.72 km/h.,
	(maximum) 40.5 km/h.;
c) speed on the highway:	(maximum) 65.0 km/h.;
d) tyres, rear duals, special tread design:	(6 x 24);
e) width:	2,800 mm.;
f) wheelbase:	3,800 mm.

Type "A M. 160"

a) load capacity:	16-18 tons;
b) speed off the highway:	(minimum) 3.52 km/h.,
	(maximum) 31.4 km/h.;
c) speed on the highway:	(maximum) 56.0 km/h.;
d) tyres, rear duals, special tread design:	(14 x 24);
e) width:	2,500 mm.;
f) wheelbase:	3,800 mm.

Specially designed for use on rough ground, these two trucks would appear to be suitable for use in tropical forests.

KRUPP-SÜDWERKE, Essen.

MAGIRUS-DEUTZ

Type "A.3,500"

The 4-wheel drive Magirus-Deutz A. 3,500 type truck is equipped with an air-cooled 4-cylinder 90 h.p., 2,300 r.p.m. diesel Deutz engine.

Its other features are:

a) driving axles:	banjo form (front axle steering and ungearable on the highway);
b) turning radius:	approximately 8 m.;
c) wheelbase:	3,700 mm.
d) speeds:	minimum approx. 3.1 km/h.,
	maximum approx. 88 km/h.;
e) load capacity: (on all terrains)	truck: 3,350 kg.,
	truck-dump body: 3,100 kg.

Type "A.6,500"

Another "4 x 4" (type A. 6500) has been perfected by the Magirus-Deutz Co. It has an air-cooled V-8 cylinder, 175 h.p., 2,250 r.p.m. diesel Deutz engine.

Its specifications are:

a) wheelbase:	4,415 mm.;
b) speeds:	minimum approx. 3.55 km/h.,
	maximum approx. 73.80 km/h.;
c) work load:	on the highway: 6,100 kg.,
	off the highway: 5,100 kg.

KLOECKNER-HUMBOLDT-DEUTZ A.G., (22 c) Köln-Deutz.

M. A. N.

The M.A.N. Works inform us that two of their trucks, the "MK. 2.5" and "MK. 26" types, of which specifications are given below, can be converted into all-purpose vehicles by adding a front-wheel drive.

Type "MK.25"

a) engine:	diesel,
	120 h.p.,
	2,000 r.p.m.,
	6 cylinders;
b) load capacity:	7,400 kg;
c) gearbox:	5 speeds forward,
	1 reverse;
d) ground clearance:	front: 485 mm.,
	rear: 335 mm.

Type "MK.26"

a) engine:	diesel,
	130 h.p.,
	2,000 r.p.m.,
	6 cylinders;
b) load capacity:	8,650 kg.;
c) gearbox:	6 speeds forward,
	1 reverse;
d) ground clearance:	front: 485 mm.,
	rear: 33.5 mm.

MASCHINEN-FABRIK AUGSBURG NÜRNBERG (M.A.N.) Nürnberg.

MERCEDES BENZ

Tractor, type "Unimog"

The "Unimog", a 4-wheel drive universal tractor for tropical logging can travel over all types of terrain and climb the steepest slopes. Equipped with a 4-cylinder, 25 h.p. Mercedes Benz diesel engine, it has a very sturdy gearbox (6 speeds ranging from 1 to 50 km/h. and 2 reverse speeds at 2,500 r.p.m.); it is fitted with a differential locking device on the front and rear axles, and gives an excellent performance even on marshy ground.

The properties demanded of a good forest operations vehicle appear to be combined in the "Unimog" adaptability to all types of terrain; "full-floating" axles and narrow tyres; easy maneuverability, small turning radius; strong drawbar power.

The "Unimog" can serve many uses: as a light all-purpose vehicle or as small tractor (farm, forestry, road work) and for hauling trailers or various machines.

A special forestry rear winch can be attached: 3,500 kg. pull, speed 0.60 m/second, 70 meter cable (diameter 11 mm.).

Type "La. 4,500"

The Daimler Benz A.G. has just launched the La. 4,500 type 4.5 ton multiple use diesel truck with front wheel drive.

It is equipped with a 6-cylinder, 90 h.p., 2,800 r.p.m. diesel engine. The wheelbase, according to whether the chassis is long or short, is 4,200 mm. or 3,600 mm. Off the highway its speed is as high as 50 km/in.

A small tonnage vehicle, the "La. 4,500" can be used either with a 1-axle trailer for light log loads, or as a truck for various haulage.

DAIMLER BENZ A. G., Gaggenau.

English manufacturers

A.C.V. SALES

A.E.C. "Matador"

This 5-ton 4-wheel drive road tractor, widely used during the second world war, is now employed for log haulage in tropical lumbering, chiefly in the Gold Coast.

Equipped with an A.E.C. 6-cylinder, 95 h.p. diesel engine running at 1,800 r.p.m., this vehicle has the following features:

a) main and auxiliary gearboxes giving 8 forward speeds;
b) front driving and steering axle comprising a 2-step reduction gear;
c) air brakes on the 4 wheels;
d) dimensions and weights:

(i) wheelbase: 3,848 mm.;
(ii) weight when ready for operating: approx. 5,800 kg.;
(iii) total load: approx. 11,176 kg.

With a front winch the "Matador" can easily manage difficult terrain.

A. C. V. SALES LIMITED, 49 Berkeley Square, London, W. 1.

AUSTIN MOTOR COMPANY

The Austin Motor Company puts out two "4 x 4" vehicles: the "Austin Champ" and the "K.2.W.A.", their main specifications being:

Type "Austin Champ"

a) load capacity:	2,500 kg.;
b) engine:	Austin A. 90,
	79 h.p.,
	3,750 r.p.m.,
	4 cylinders;
c) gearbox:	5 speeds.

Type "K.2. W.A."

a) load capacity:	3,000 kg.;
b) engine:	70 h.p.,
	2,700 r.p.m.,
	6 cylinders;
c) gearbox:	4 speeds.

AUSTIN MOTOR COMPANY LIMITED, Northfields, Birmingham.

MORRIS COMMERCIAL CARS

Morris Commercial Cars make a 4-wheel drive all-purpose vehicle to take a workload of 2,030 kg. and equipped with a 6-cylinder, 72 h.p. gasoline engine running at 2,600 r.p.m.

Fitted with a 4-speed gearbox and a transfer box, its performance is as follows:

a) in high: from 5.4 to 31.7 km/in.
b) in low: from 2.7 to 15.8 km/in.

It is to be noted that a front or rear crab can be attached on request.

MORRIS COMMERCIAL CARS LIMITED, Cowley, Oxford.

SCAMMEL

This firm has put on the market two types of heavy tonnage all-purpose vehicles, the "Constructor" and the "Mountaineer".

"Constructor" ("6 x 6")

Equipped with a 6-cylinder, 160 h.p. Rolls Royce diesel engine, running at 1,800 r.p.m., and a 6-speed gearbox, the "Constructor" on which all three axles are driving axles, is a powerful vehicle that can carry 30 tons and pull up to 100 tons. See Figure 5.

FIGURE 5 - The "Constructor 6 x 6" truck manufactured by Scammel Lorries Ltd.

"Mountaineer" ("4 x 4")

With 4 driving wheels, the "Mountaineer", a less powerful truck but as strong as the "Constructor", can carry 20 tons and pull 60 tons. Its engine, of the Scammel-Meadows type, is a 6-cylinder, 125 h.p. diesel engine with 1,700 r.p.m.

Modern both in design and in construction, these two "heavyweight" vehicles are employed by logging concerns in Tanganyika; they would therefore appear to be suitable for use in other tropical countries.

SCAMMEL LORRIES LIMITED, Watford, Hertfordshire.

ROVER COMPANY

"Land-Rover"

The Rover Company manufactures a light all-purpose vehicle already well-known in most tropical countries.

It can be used as an all-purpose or service truck and as a utility vehicle for carrying small loads, and also as a light tractor.

Equipped with a 4-cylinder, 11/58 h.p. engine, the Land-Rover can easily climb 50 degree slopes.

Many extras (belt pulley, crab, arc welding equipment, etc.) can be added for various uses.

For a vehicle of this type the "Land-Rover" operates well on the highway and has the additional advantage of being comfortable.

ROVER COMPANY LIMITED, Solihull, Birmingham.

UNIVERSAL POWER DRIVES

Among the vehicles manufactured by Universal Power Drives mention may be made of three types of "4 x 4" all-purpose vehicles, which have the following specifications:

Tractor, type "Unipower"

a) engine:	68 h.p.,
	1,700 r.p.m.,
	4 cylinders;
b) 5 speeds forward and 1 reverse;
c) can pull up to about 29 tons;
d) equipped with a logging winch and a land anchor.

Tractor, type "Unipower-Hannibal"

a) engine:	85 h.p.,
	1,700 r.p.m.,
	5 cylinders;
b) 5 speeds forward and 1 reverse;
c) can pull up to about 25 tons;
d) can be equipped with not only heavy duty logging winch but also a 30 cwt. hoisting crane.

Chassis, type "Unipower Junior"

a) engine:	70 h.p.,
	2,200 r.p.m.,
	6 cylinders;
b) 5 speeds forward and 1 reverse;
c) load capacity:	3 tons.

UNIVERSAL POWER DRIVES LIMITED, Aintree Road., Perivale, Middlesex.

Italian manufacturers

ALFA ROMEO

Type "1900 Ar-52"

As a light all-purpose vehicle the Alfa Romeo Co. has perfected a "4 x 4", having the following specifications:

a) engine:	70 h.p.,
	4,400 r.p.m.,
	4 cylinders;
b) wheelbase:	2,200 mm.;
c) ground clearance:	205 mm.;
d) weight when empty:	1,250 kg.;
e) speed per hour:	105 km.;
f) gearbox:	reduction gear,
	4 normal speeds

ALFA ROMEO COMPANY, Milano.

BIANCHI

Type "Fiumaro"

With 4 driving wheels, a load capacity of approximately 5 tons, the all-purpose "Fiumaro" type truck made at the Bianchi Works is equipped with a 4-cylinder, 80 h.p. diesel engine running at 2,000 r.p.m. It has 6 forward and 2 reverse speeds.
BIANCHI, Viale Abruzzi 16, Milano.

FIAT

Type "Campagnola"

The "Campagnola", a light "4 x 4" vehicle, can travel over all kinds of ground and be put to many uses both as a small tractor and as an all-purpose vehicle.

With a load capacity of 500 kg., equipped with a 4-cylinder, 53 h.p. gasoline engine running at 3,700 r.p.m., it has a 4-normal-speed gearbox, 4 low speeds and 2 reverse.

Extra equipment (pulley, etc.) can be added for various uses.

FIAT, Corso IV Novembre 300, Torino.

LANCIA

Type "CL.51"

The Lancia Co. now makes a "4 x 4" all-purpose truck (CL. 51 type).

With a load capacity of 1,800 kg. this truck has a 4-cylinder, 58 h.p. diesel engine running at 3,200 r.p.m.

On rough ground it can go at speeds ranging from 6 to 55 km/in.

The "CL. 51", a transport vehicle, can also be made to tow (TL. 51 type).

LANCIA COMPANY, Torino.

Swiss manufacturers

BERNA

The Berna Works has perfected three types of diesel all-purpose vehicles, with the following specifications:

Model	Engine				Load capacity in kilograms	Wheelbase, in millimeters
	Type	No. of cyl.	h.p.	r.p.m.
2 UM	R.2	4	80	1,900	4,000	3,400
4 UM	T.2	6	125	2,000	5,500	3,400
5 UM	T.2	6	125	2,000	6,500	3,400

Equipped with a 5-speed gearbox and a 2-ratio transfer box, these vehicles can attain the following speeds (with the engine running at 1,000 r.p.m.):

Model	In low, in km/in.	In high, in km/h.
2 UM	2.1 to 14.2	4.7 to 30.5
4 UM	1.7 to 13.5	3.7 to 29
5 UM	1.8 to 14.3	3.9 to 30.5

MOTORWAGENFABRIK BERNA A. G., Olten.

F.B.W.

Type "DX. 50"

The Franz Brozinovic Company has put out a "4 x 4" to take a work load of 5 tons.

Its engine, of the "DX. 50" type, is a 4-cylinder, 110 h.p. (1,800 r.p.m.) diesel.

Its specifications are:

a) wheelbase: 3,400 mm.;
b) 4-speed gearbox and 2-ratio transfer box;
c) differential locking device;
d) rear winch;
e) performance:	in high: from 5 to 29.5 km/in.
	in low: from 2.3 to 13.8 km/in.

BROZINOVIC COMPANY, Wetzikon, Zurich.

MOWAG

Type "Gelände"

The Seitz and Ruf AG. Motorwagenfabrik put out an all-purpose light truck, "Gelände" type, with a load capacity of 1,000 kg.

Equipped with a 6-cylinder, 95 h.p. at 3,200 r.p.m., it has a 4-speed gearbox and a 2-ratio transfer box.

At 1,000 r.p.m., its speeds range from 4.2 to 27 km/in in high and from 2.1 to 14 km/in in low.

SEITZ UND RUF A. G., Unterseestrasse 63, Kreuzlingen, Thurgau.

SAURER

Among the many vehicles made by the Saurer Company, mention may be made of the three diesel all-purpose types, "2.CM", "4.CM" and "5.CM", with front driving axle.

Model	Engine				Wheelbase, in millimeters	Load capacity, in tons	Performance
	Type	No. of cyl.	h.p.	r.p.m.
2. CM	CR.2.D.	4	80	1,200	3,400	4	2.1 - 14.2 a
							4.7 - 30.4 b
4. CM	CT.2.D	6	125	2,000	3,400	5.5	1.7 - 13.5 a
							3.7 - 29 b
5. OM	CT.2.D	6	125	2,000	2,40	6.5	1.8 - 14.3 a
							3.9 - 30.5 b

a) in low
b) in high

It should be noted that they have a 5-speed gearbox and a 2-ratio transfer box.

ADOLPHE SAURER A. G., Aylon.