In developing countries, the relatively low consumption of energy is both a cause and an effect of existing development problems. Development in the South is likely to result in an increasing demand for energy. How that energy is to be obtained is of vital significance.
A central theme of Agenda 21 is that environmental problems, and poverty and underdevelopment, are mutually reinforcing. Present patterns of household energy use in much of the developing world are a contributory factor in this cycle, and it is clear, that such consumption is not only unsustainable but also constitutes an impediment to social and economic progress. The forecast increase in demand for energy, if left uncontrolled, will only be possible at the high price of a destroyed environment.
Integrated household energy programmes tackle the problem from both ends - working directly for the environment by increasing sustainable energy supply, seeking clean and practical fuel alternatives, reducing consumption, environmental pollution and degradation, whilst simultaneously providing direct and tangible benefits to energy users, particularly the poor and vulnerable.
Such programmes can only be widespread and successful if appropriate institutional backing is available. Programmes must aim at the establishment of self-sustaining, commercial systems which can continue after any initial and temporary subsidies are withdrawn. The policies of the relevant institutions must be aligned to create an environment where such systems can operate, encouraging an energy awareness in all actors in the development process.
