Annexes

Annex 1: Work plan
Annex 2: Terms of reference for the study of the marketing system
Annex 3: Questionnaires
Annex 4: Contract for implementation of the study
Annex 5: Schedule of commodities, markets, traders and farmers to be covered by the study

Annex 1: Work plan

WORKPLAN - TCP/MYA/8821 (3rd draft 19/5/99)

ACTIVITY		Month	Year
Consultancy Market Information, Visit I		5/6	1999
Initial Contacts*		5	1999
Literature study		5	1999
Reconnaissance markets and producing areas
	1) Yangon markets	5	1999
	2) Mandalay Division and Shan State	5
	3) Ayeyawaddy Division	5
	4) Mon State	5
Purchase equipment		5	1999
Purchase equipment		10	1999
Informal Consultation meeting Senior Officers		5	1999
Meeting with Price Collectors		5	1999
Design of Study (coverage, modalities, questionnaires)		5/6	1999
Study of domestic marketing system		6/7/8	1999
Report writing		9	1999
Study Tour		9	1999
Consultancy Market Information, Visit II		10/11/12
Consultancy Export Marketing (TCDC)		9/10	1999
Workshop Senior Officers		11	1999
Visit I of FAO Headquarters Staff member		11	1999
Design of Market Information Service (MIS)		11	1999
Consultancy Computer data processing		10/11	1999
Computer training staff DAP/MAS		10/11	1999
Training seminar Yangon		12	1999
Training seminar Mandalay		12	1999
Start MIS operational phase		1	2000
Consultancy Marketing Extension (TCDC)		4,5,6	2000
Seminar Extension Staff		5	2000
Visit II of FAO Headquarters Staff member		5	2000
Survey of impact of MIS		6	2000

Annex 2: Terms of reference for the study of the marketing system

TCP/MYA/8821 - Market Information System Study of the Agricultural Marketing System - Terms of Reference

1. OBJECTIVES

The objective of the Study is to produce a realistic picture of the structure and geography of agricultural marketed production and the domestic marketing system for the most important commodities, including the physical infrastructure, the marketing channels, the various costs and margins involved and the market information that is available to the actors in the system, as well as their additional information needs. The completed Study will serve to design the most effective Market Information System (MIS) and to specify the commodities and markets where prices will be collected for the daily radio broadcasts and other ways of dissemination.

The geographical coverage of the Study and the list of commodities to be surveyed are shown in Annex 1. As this Study needs to be carried out during the months of June, July and August, which is not the time of maximum marketing activity, it will be found that certain commodities are scarce on the market and additional coverage will need to be assured later in the year.

Additional studies, such as more in-depth coverage of costs and margins may also need to be carried out in later stages of the project.

2. METHODOLOGY

Although the study area, crop coverage etc. has been specified here in detail, these issues are in fact still open: there is flexibility to make changes in coverage, depending on the findings of the study (leave out certain crops and include others, found to be more important).

Survey of farmers and traders:

A large sample with random selection, which would permit extrapolation of quantitative results is out of the question, due to limited personnel and funding. Therefore a convenience sample of farmers and traders will be selected mainly within the recognized important surplus areas of the State/Division and generally not too far from the main roads (although a few more remote locations should be represented also). There is preference for the bigger farmers and traders as their information will be more significant for marketing analysis.

There are 9 types of questionnaires, respectively for market characteristics, market wholesalers (established or mobile), market retailers (with or without permanent stall), rice miller, oilseeds/pulses miller, town wholesaler (same format used for primary collectors or "village brokers"), rice farmers, other food crops farmer, cash crop farmer (industrial crops).

Interview technique:

Each interview should start with an explanation of the purpose of the survey and make it clear that the information collected will not be used for any tax or control purpose. Nevertheless the Price Collector should keep in mind that any quantitative data that will give an idea of the income of the farmer or especially the trader, is likely to be substantially under-declared. Indirect questions and observations can serve to get a more accurate picture.

The structured questionnaire data are certainly not the only source of information: ad-hoc notes and observations during visits and field trips are also important. A discussion in an informal atmosphere, without taking notes, can often be more informative, as the person interviewed feels more free to speak out.

Other sources: railway info, statistics of border trade (to be checked by direct observations).

3. IMPLEMENTATION STAGES

A logical sequence of implementation stages is given below. This does not mean that the schedule of visits and other activities has to follow this plan very strictly. Factors like availability of personnel (Central and local), distance and availability of transport facilities will be taken into consideration. In the most remote areas, longer visits should be scheduled, in order to finish all or most tasks in one time, while in areas close to Yangon, several short visits or even day-trips can be made, if found more convenient.

a) Desk study

The desk study was already initiated, even before the arrival of the Marketing Information Consultant and continued during his first mission. The purpose is to review relevant marketing studies previously undertaken in Myanmar and to collect statistical and agronomic information on crop production, especially surplus production for the market. The availability of soil, land use and agro-ecological zonation maps need also to be reviewed. Any quantitative data available on crop exports, border trade, transport of agric. commodities by railway and inland shipping will also be collected.

See Section 4 - "Outputs" for the required presentation of the information collected.

b) Initial reconnaissance

The Organizers will have already a fairly reliable idea of the location of surplus producing areas of specific crops and the main markets. Nevertheless, nothing should be taken for granted and the Organizers should keep an open eye for other crops/surplus areas/markets that may have come up recently. Apart from visiting the well-known production areas and markets a rapid tour should also be made of other areas in the State/Division. While traveling, at least one of the members of the Team on the right and one on the left should constantly observe crops, products for sale and transport of agric. commodities by the road traffic encountered. All potential crop collection points at road crossings and junctions and the sites and surroundings of processing industries like rice and oil mills should be checked out.

In every town on the itinerary the main market has to be visited, preferably on foot, but at least a slow drive to circle the market area and surrounding areas to identify crops for sale in large quantities and the location of wholesalers. Always engage in conversation with traders, processors, consumers, etc.

It is important to observe the volume and direction of the trade flow of agric. commodities and to take every opportunity to question the drivers of trucks about their load, origin and destination. The best opportunity is while trucks wait for a ferry crossing or at favourite restaurants of truck drivers. Road accidents are also useful in this respect.

There should be as much cross-checking of information as possible, for example the same issue should be seen from the perspective of the farmer, collector, wholesaler, market retailer and consumer and any inconsistencies need to be straightened out.

The marketing activity that is most difficult to observe is the direct supply from farming areas to urban destinations, which bypasses the local assembly markets and the traders established in the area. Such activity is best identified by observing the traffic on rural roads very early in the morning and by checking out cross-roads and junctions as well as consulting farmers close to the road.

c) Systematic survey

A detailed initial list of surplus producing areas by State/Division is being completed and will be added as Annex 2. The detailed coverage of Markets, Traders, Millers and Farmers per State/Division has also been worked out (see Annex 3). However it should be understood that the Officers in-charge have the authority to apply a flexible approach, i.e. to add or leave out markets and crops, according to the real situation found in the field.

Specific questionnaires for markets, wholesalers, retailers, millers and farmers (rice, other food crops, cash crops) have been designed and tested. Some modifications will probably need to be made based on the actual experience of the price Collectors during the Study.

d) Quality control

All filled questionnaires should be checked as soon as possible on completeness and consistency. Once a good number of the different types of questionnaires have been filled for one State/Division, the information that occurs in different questionnaires should be compared and checked for any systematic differences/errors. For example, most garlic farmers may report that they deliver their crop to the village broker and receive from 180 to 200 Ks/viss, while several primary collectors (village brokers) report that they mostly collect the crop from the farmers and pay 250 Ks/viss.

The quality control should go on simultaneously with the implementation of the survey, so that any necessary course corrections can be made in time.

e) Data processing

It should be realized that the study is done on a convenience sample of farmers and traders and therefore totals and averages are not statistically valid. The processing is done by a simple tabulation in an Excel spreadsheet. The different replies possible for each question will be coded (preferably alphabetic rather than numerical). The summarizing of the results will be mainly in the form of a simple frequency count of the various possibilities. An example for the Rice Framer questionnaire processing is attached.

f) Analysis

Mainly based on the tabulation of questionnaire results and all other published or unpublished information, notes and impressions formed during field visits.

g) Report writing (see 4.4)

4. OUTPUTS

4.1 A list of reports/publications consulted in preparation of the Study

4.2 A summary tabulation of transport costs comparing various road vehicles, ships/ boats and railway, over short and longer distances and different road conditions

4.3 A summary tabulation of information from Rice Millers questionnaires

4.4 The main report of the Study, containing the following chapters:

A. The geography of agricultural production, covering the main cereals, pulses, oilseeds, fruits, vegetables and industrial crops and specifying the main surplus producing areas. A short analysis of the correlation between surplus areas of specific crops and the agro-ecological/climate/soil conditions in various States/Divisions. A short analysis of the accessibility of the major producing areas, depending on road/railway/river transport infrastructure and other factors. The information on surplus producing areas needs to be detailed and precise for the 8 States and Divisions covered in the Study

To be attached:

a) a tabulation of the main surplus producing areas by crop and by Admin. Units

b) a map of Myanmar on approximate scale 1/...., showing all States/Divisions and Districts, major roads and railways and surplus producing areas of various crops sketched in.

c) a map of soils or land suitability on the approximate scale 1/...., showing the relation between zones and crop specialization, which should have a good correlation with the map mentioned under b).

B. Rice marketing

A description of the marketing system at National level. Aspects to be covered: physical infrastructure, i.e. main markets, facilities of millers and wholesalers, main marketing channels specifying the role and importance of each intermediary and major trade flows specifically for each season of the year.

Describe the marketing structure of 8 States and Divisions: Yangon, Ayeyarwady, Mon State, Bago, Mandalay, Saigain, Magwe and Southern Shan State as well as the two largest Cities: Yangon and Mandalay. A more detailed write-up is required for the 4 most important rice-producing Divisions/States.

If certain findings concerning the marketing channels or other subjects are identical in all or most States/Divisions, these can be described in the first section, without much repetition in the text of each individual State/Division.

Sections C. to G. will all cover the same aspects as enumerated in Section A.

C. Other cereals

D. Pulses

E. Oilseeds

F. Culinary crops

F. Vegetables

G. Fruits

H. Description of agric. marketing system in Yangon and Mandalay Cities

An inventory of the main wholesale and retail markets will be done and the locations shown on a City map, where major entry roads, harbours and mooring places and railway stations are also shown. Sketch maps will be produced, showing the layout of the Thirimangalar and Bayint-naung markets in Yangon and the Kaing-tan market in Mandalay.

A description of the main incoming and outgoing flows of agric. commodities (including road, waterways and railway) is required, with an approximate indication of the amounts involved.

I. Proposed design of the MIS

The choice of commodities and of locations for collection of price and supply data will be presented and carefully justified, taking into account the local, regional or national importance and the logistics of price collection and communication with Yangon as well. The required frequency and time of collection and dissemination will also be specified.

Attachment: Annexes 1-3 to be attached with the final TOR.

Annex 3: Questionnaires

Rice farmer
Oilseeds/Pulses miller
Market questionnaire
Town wholesaler

Rice farmer

State/Division:	............	Farmer:	............
District:	............	Filled by:	............
Township:	............		............
Village tract:	............	Date:	............
Village:	............		............

1. MAIN CROPS GROWN (during last year, both seasons)

CROP	month planting	month harvest	area acre	CROP	month planting	month harvest	area acre
............	............	............	.........	............	............	............	.........
............	............	............	.........	............	............	............	.........
............	............	............	.........	............	............	............	.........
............	............	............	.........	............	............	............	.........

2. LIVESTOCK

	number owned	nb. sold last 6 months		number owned	nb sold last month
Cattle	............	............	Chicken	............	............
Buffaloes	............	............	Ducks	............	............
Pigs	............	............	Eggs	............	............
			Milk	............	............

3. MARKETING OF PADDY/RICE

Did you have any surplus for sale during the last 12 months?	Yes/No
Sold as paddy or rice or both (in order importance):	...........
If you sold rice, where was it milled?	Village mill	Other:........	No
Do you also collect paddy from other farmers in your area?	Yes/No

Place of sale:	place	distance		place	distance
At the farm			Mill	.....	...
Collection point	.....	...	Market	.....	...
__Traders shop/depot	.....	...	.....	.....	...

Sold to:
Farmer/Collector	Miller	Market retailer
Collector	Wholesaler	Consumer
Other:..............

Quantity delivered to MAPT (number and unit):

last summer season.........

last monsoon season ........

Have you sold this season all or part of your crop to a trader before harvest?

Advance paid (Ks):......

At which price (amount and unit):.......

Do you sell paddy or rice every year to the same trader? yes, mostly, no

Did you get production credit?		Yes/no
	if yes, from whom?.................................................
	and for which purpose?..............................................

Sales to private traders during the last 12 months:

Paddy or Rice	month of sale	unit	no.	quantity (total units)	received (total in Ks)	price/unit	price/lb
...........	...........	...........	...........	...........	...........	...........	...........
...........	...........	...........	...........	...........	...........	...........	...........
...........	...........	...........	...........	...........	...........	...........	...........
...........	...........	...........	...........	...........	...........	...........	...........
...........	...........	...........	...........	...........	...........	...........	...........

Sales to the MAPT during the last 12 months

Paddy or Rice	month of sale	unit	no.	quantity (total units)	received (total in Ks)	price/unit	price/lb
...........	...........	...........	...........	...........	...........	...........	.....
...........	...........	...........	...........	...........	...........	...........	...........
...........	...........	...........	...........	...........	...........	...........	...........
...........	...........	...........	...........	...........	...........	...........	...........
...........	...........	...........	...........	...........	...........	...........	...........

Variation of price on the free market, according to season

	month	Ks/lb
Paddy price immediately after harvest of summer rice:	.................	.................
Paddy price immediately after harvest of monsoon rice	.................	.................
Paddy price now:	.................	.................
Expected highest price this year:	.................	.................
What is your biggest marketing problem?...............................................................

Transport of paddy or rice from the farm to the point of sale and transport cost

road condition: dirt road:..... (miles)

paved road:...... (miles)

total:..... (miles) transp. cost

	yes/no	vehicle*	owned/hired	miles	unit	lbs	one unit (Ks)
by the farmer	......	......	......	......	......	......	.....
by group of farmers	......	......	......	......	......	......	......
by collector etc.	......	......	......	......	......	......	......

* vehicles:	1. Truck	2. Pick-up	3. Other car	4. Tractor and cart	5. Ox-cart
	6. Horse-cart	7. Motorcycle	8. Trishaw	9. Handtractor/trailer	10. Bicycle
	11. Boat	12. Other

Method of storage on the farm:

paddy:...............	rice:...............
Period of storage (number of months):............
Purpose of storage:
for consumption: yes/no	to obtain higher price: yes/no	for seed: yes/no

4. PRICE INFORMATION

	yes/no	source* of information
Are you informed about rice price at nearest State/Division market?	"	............
The rice price at other important markets? Specify:	"	............
The rice price at Mandalay?	"	............
The rice price at Yangon?	"	............
Supply situation of rice in Mandalay?	"	............
Supply situation of rice in Yangon?	"	............

^* radio, bus driver, bulletin, other

Which marketing information do you need, that you don't receive now?
..........................................................................................

5. RADIO, NEWSPAPERS, TV

Do you own a radio?	yes/no
If no, do you listen to the radio of somebody else?	yes/no
Which stations do you normally listen to?	.........................
a) is the reception clear	........................
Do you sometimes hear crop prices on the radio?	yes/no
Preferred time for a price bulletin?	.....	Myanma language understood?	yes/no

Do you own a TV?	yes/no
Which channels do you watch?	...............................................................

Which newspapers do you read?......................... How often?...........
Other source of information on agriculture and marketing?....................................
(for example bulletins or material provided by Extension Officer)....................................

Oilseeds/Pulses miller

Division/State:	.....................	Miller:	................
District:	.....................	Filled by:	................
Township:	.....................		................
Address:	.....................	Date:	........

1. MILL AND STORAGE

1.1 Mill

Oilseeds processed:................. Pulses processed:...................
Details of processing:...................................................
Type of mill: Village mill, Medium-size mill, Large modern mill
Capacity in HP:.........

	product	no.	unit	time
Capacity in units of raw material per hour or shift:	........	........	........	........
	........	........	........	........
Capacity in units of finished product per hour or shift:	........	........	........	........
	........	........	........	........

Milling hours per day, according to season:

crop: ..........
period	no. hours	period	no. hours	period	no. hours
........	........	........	........	........	........
........	........	........	........	........	........
crop: ..........
period	no. hours	period	no. hours	period	no. hours
........	........	........	........	........	........
........	........	........	........	........	........

1.2 Storage

Quality of building or storage shed (poor, fair, good):.........

Storage capacity (unit:.....):
inside:........	outside:......	total:..........
Do you store oilseeds and pulses for milling later in the year, when prices go up?			yes/no
Approximate present stock:		crop	stock (unit:.....)
		..........	..............
		..........	..............

2. TYPE OF MILLING

		milling fee
(tick or circle and number in order importance)		Ks/unit
Custom Milling (against a fee)		..........
Normal Milling (miller buys and sells)
Milling contracts:		..........
	Government: ......................	International Organization:......................
	NGO: ..............................	Other:...................................................
	Export:................................................................................................................

3. MARKETING ACTIVITIES OF THE MILLER

(if several functions combined, tick and number in order importance)

3.1 Buying oilseeds and pulses

		remarks
· Collecting crops from farmers	...	...............
· Buying crops from farmers at the mill	...	...............
· Buying crop from collectors at the mill	...	...............
· Other: ....................................	...	...............

Period of buying and price:

	buying price
Crop:..........	unit	price, Ks.
· Monsoon season harvest: ..............................	....	...
· Winter season harvest ....................................	....	...
	buying price
Crop:..........	unit	price, Ks.
· Monsoon season harvest:....................................	....	...
· Winter season harvest....................................	....	...

Do large farmers sell immediately after harvest?	yes/no	small part/large part
Do small farmers sell immediately after harvest?	yes/no	small part/large part

Do you use Agents to purchase crops?	Yes/No
Do Collectors deliver to you on contract or by prior agreement?	Yes/No
details:................................................................................

Do you hire transport for crop collection? yes/no If yes, specify:

from	to	vehicle (1-12)*	owned or hired	distance miles	load		cost in Ks	Ks/lb
					unit	no.
.......	.......	.......	.......	.......	.......	.......	.......	.......
.......	.......	.......	.......	.......	.......	.......	.......	.......

* vehicles:

1. Truck	2. Pick-up	3. Other car	4. Tractor and cart	5. Ox-cart
6. Horse-cart	7. Motorcycle	8. Trishaw	9. Handtractor/trailer	10. Bicycle
11. Boat	12. Other

3.2 Selling oil. processed pulses etc. (tick and number)

· Selling to retailers in the same town:	.............
· Selling to traders in the same town:	.............
· Selling to retailers in an other town:	.............
· Selling to traders in an other town:	.............
· Selling to retailers in Yangon or Mandalay	which market: .............
· Selling to wholesalers in Yangon or Mandalay	where in town: .............
· Selling to contracts Government etc.

Selling price of oil and other finished products:

product	unit	sold to	place	price, Ks.
.........	.........	.........	.........	.........
.........	.........	.........	.........	.........

Do you hire transport for selling your products? yes/no If yes, specify:

from	to	vehicle (1-12)*	owned or hired	distance miles	load		cost in Ks	Ks/lb
					unit	no.
.......	.........	................	..................	................	__20....	....	........	.......
.......	.........	................	..................	................	....	....	........	.......

3.3 Financing and credit

Do you normally finance your purchases yourself or do you take a loan?...............
If yes, from whom?.....................
Do you make advance payments to farmers during the growing season?................
Do you provide credit to traders or collectors who deliver or sell crops to you?.........

4. PRICE INFORMATION

Are you informed about:

· prices inhe nearest town?	Yes/No
· prices in Yangon?	Yes/No	Which market?................
· prices in Mandalay?	Yes/No	Which market?................
· supply/demand situation in Yangon?	Yes/No
· supply/demand situation in Mandalay?	Yes/No
· export market prices?	Yes/No
remarks:.............................................................................................

Which are the sources of your information?..................................................
Is the information reliable?......................................................................

Which price or other marketing information do you need?..................................

5. RADIO, TV, TELEPHONE, FAX

Do you have a radio?	Yes/No
Which stations you normally listen to?.........................................................
Is National Radio Cambodia received?	Yes/No	Quality reception? ......
Do you sometimes hear crop prices on the radio?	Yes/No	Which station: ...........
Which is the most convenient time for broadcasting of prices?..............................

Do you have a TV set?	Yes/No
Which channels you normally watch?...........................................................
Do you have:
telephone?	Yes/No	no:...........
fax?	Yes/No	no............

Market questionnaire

Town:	......................	Filled by:	...............................
Market:	......................		...............................
Location:	.....................	Date:	...........

1. TYPE OF MARKET

(number 1-4 in order importance)	wholesale	...	assembly	...
	retail	...	transit	...

2. MARKET OFFICE

In-charge:...................	Tel............
Plans for expansion/improvements?..............................................

Fees charged (range)*:	place fee Ks/day	cleaning Ks/day	security Ks/day	rent stall Ks/day	tax Ks/month
stalls inside	..............	..............	..............	..............	..............
stalls outside	..............	..............	..............	..............	..............
place on the ground	..............	..............	..............	..............	..............

* (agric. commodities only)

Other contact persons present in or near the market:

name	job	commodity	other subjects	tel.
..............	..............	..............	..............	..............
..............	..............	..............	..............	..............

3. LAYOUT

Is inside part of the market locked up at night?	Yes/No
Which time opened:......	which time locked up:......

Make sketch map, showing:

· sections of market and products sold
· location wholesalers
· parking space for trucks and other vehicles
· office, other important features

Is the market paved, completely or partially?

	Yes or No
Drainage condition?	Poor	Fair	Good
Cleanliness?	Poor	Fair	Good

4. TIMING OF OPERATIONS*

		start	peak	end	any time	none
arrival trucks (write time AM or PM)		...	...	...	...	...
unloading trucks (write time AM or PM)		...	...	...	...	...
arrival other vehicles (write time AM or PM)		...	...	...	...	...
unloading other vehicles (write time AM or PM)		...	...	...	...	...
wholesalers selling to market retailers:
	· rice	...	...	...	...	...
	· pulses	...	...	...	...	...
	· vegetables	...	...	...	...	...
	· fruit	...	...	...	...	...
	· fish	...	...	...	...	...
	· chicken, meat	...	...	...	...	...
	· other...........................................	...	...	...	...	...
retailers selling to consumers		...	...	...	...	...
busiest season of the year (months or season):..............................................
busiest days of the year (New year, Christmas etc.):.....................................
busiest day(s) of the week:.............		least busy day(s):...............

^* only concerning agric. commodities

5. ASSEMBLY ACTIVITIES

Do farmers and collectors bring produce to this market for wholesale transport to bigger markets/towns? Yes/No if yes:

Commodity	season	destination	importance	vehicles used	remarks
..............	..............	..............	..............	..............	..............
..............	..............	..............	..............	..............	..............

6. TRANSIT OPERATIONS

Is produce arriving in this market re-loaded for transport to other provinces?	yes/no
Is produce arriving in this market re-loaded for transport to other districts?	yes/no
Is produce arriving in this market re-loaded for transport to smaller markets same town?	yes/no

Commodity	season	destination	importance	vehicles used	remarks
..............	..............	..............	..............	..............	..............
..............	..............	..............	..............	..............	..............
..............	..............	..............	..............	..............	..............
..............	..............	..............	..............	..............	..............

7. WHOLESALERS (selling mainly to retailers and other traders)

Established Wholesalers (inside the market or in surrounding streets):

Commodity	Number	Description stall, shop or storage place	Size of operation
..............	.........	..............................................	.....................
..............	.........	..............................................	.....................
..............	.........	..............................................	.....................
..............	.........	..............................................	.....................

Other Wholesalers (deliver for immediate sale and leave)

Commodity*	Number sellers (few, many)	Transport (vehicles 1-12)**	Time of delivery	Remarks
...............	......................	..................	...............	................................
...............	......................	..................	...............	................................
...............	......................	..................	...............	................................
...............	......................	..................	...............	................................
...............	......................	..................	...............	................................
...............	......................	..................	...............	................................

^* by category: rice, other cereals, vegetables, fruit, culinary crops, pulses^*, rootcrops^**, fish etc.

** vehicles:	1. Truck	2. Pick-up	3. Other car	4. Tractor and cart	5. Ox-cart
	6. Horse-cart	7. Motorcycle	8. Trishaw	9. Handtractor/trailer	10. Bicycle
	11. Boat	12. Other

8. RETAILERS (selling mainly to consumers, sometimes also to traders)

Commodity	Number	Section(s) of market (see map), in order imp.
Rice market retailer	.....	.........................................................
Rice shops nearby	.....	.........................................................
Pulses*	.....	.........................................................
Groundnut	.....	.........................................................
Culinary crops**	.....	.........................................................
Root crops***	.....	.........................................................
Vegetables	.....	.........................................................
(one type or many)	.....	.........................................................
Fruits (one or many)	.....	.........................................................
Sugar cane sellers	.....	.........................................................
Meat	.....	.........................................................
Chicken, ducks	.....	.........................................................
Fresh fish	.....	.........................................................
Dried/salted fish	.....	.........................................................

^* pulses: beans, mung beans, green gram, cow peas, chick pea, pigeon pea, soybean etc.
^** culinary crops: potato, tomato, onion, chillie
^*** root crops: cassava, sweet potato, other

Town wholesaler

Division/State:	........................	Wholesaler:	..................
District:	.........................	Tel:........ Fax:............
Township:	.........................	Filled by:	..................
Address:	.........................	Date:	.................

1. TYPE OF BUSINESS

1.1 Main activities, in order of importance:

crop collection...	inter-State trade...	export...
processing (specify)................	other (specify).................

1.2 Main commodities handled: .............................................

2. FACILITIES AND STORAGE

2.1 Facilities

Office space: large, medium, small
Attached living quarters: large, medium, small
Processing facilities: ...................................................
Other facilities: .........................................................

2.2 Storage capacity

Quality of buildings (poor, fair, good): .........
Storage capacity in bags or MT: inside:........	outside:..........	total:........
Additional storage capacity, other location(s):......................

2.3 Storage policy

	crop	period in weeks or months
Normal period of storage:	................	................
Normal period of storage:	................	................
Reason for storing:	................................................................
Approximate present stock:	crop	stock (unit, no.)
	................	................
	................	................

3. MARKETING ACTIVITIES OF THE WHOLESALER

3.1 Crop collection

Do you collect crops from farmers:	Yes or No?
Do you collect crops from primary collectors (village brokers):	Yes or No?

if yes:

Crop	Area of collection	Period	Price/unit paid to farmer/collector	Total quantity last season
...............	...............	...............	...............	...............
...............	...............	...............	...............	...............
...............	...............	...............	...............	...............
...............	...............	...............	...............	...............
...............	...............	...............	...............	...............

Do you use Agents to purchase crops?		Yes/No	amount
If yes: how are they paid?	fixed salary	Yes/No	.........
	fixed charge per unit	Yes/No	.........
	commission	Yes/No	..... %
Remarks:..................................................................................................

3.2 Inter-Division/State trade: Yes or No?

if yes:

Crop	Place of purchase	Purchase price/unit	Place(s) of sale	Selling price/unit	Period
..................	..................	..................	..................	..................	..................
..................	..................	..................	..................	..................	..................
..................	..................	..................	..................	..................	..................
..................	..................	..................	..................	..................	..................
Remarks:.........................................................................................................................__

Do Collectors deliver to you on contract or by prior agreement?	Yes/No
details: ...........................................................................................

Do you hire transport?			yes/no	If yes, specify:
from	to	vehicle (1-12)*	owned or hired	distance miles	load		cost
					unit	no.	in Ks	Ks/
......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......
......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......
......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......	......

* vehicles:	1. Truck	2. Pick-up	3. Other car	4. Tractor and cart	5. Ox-cart
	6. Horse-cart	7. Motorcycle	8. Trishaw	9. Handtractor/trailer
	10. Bicycle	11. Boat	12. Other

3.3 Export

specify commodity, period, destination, price, volume
................................................................
................................................................
................................................................
................................................................

Remarks:	................................................................................
	................................................................................

3.4 Processing/cleaning/grading

specify commodity, raw material, finished product, cleaning, grading, marketing, destination, price, volume:

................................................................
................................................................
................................................................
................................................................

3.5 Financing and credit

Do you normally finance your purchases yourself or do you take a loan?	.....................
If yes, from whom?	.....................
Do you provide advance payment to farmers during the growing season?	yes/no
Do you provide advance payment to traders/collectors who sell crops to you?	yes/no

4. PRICE INFORMATION

Are you informed about:

· prices in the nearest town?	Yes/No
· prices in Yangon?	Yes/No	Which market?................
· prices in Mandalay?	Yes/No	Which market?................
· supply/demand situation in Yangon?	Yes/No
· supply/demand situation in Mandalay?	Yes/No
· export prices	Yes/No
remarks:........................................................................................................

Which are the sources of your information?....................................................
Is the information reliable?............................................................................

Which price or other marketing information do you need?..................................

5. RADIO, NEWSPAPERS, TV

Which radio stations do you normally listen to?
........................................................
is the reception clear?	.................
Do you sometimes hear crop prices on the radio?	yes/no
Preferred time for a price bulletin?	...............

Do you own a TV?	yes/no
Which channels do you watch?	...................................................................

Which newspapers do you read? ..................................	How often? ................
Other source of information on agriculture and marketing?	...................................
(for example bulletins or material provided by Extension Officer)	...................................

6. ANY OTHER REMARKS
..................................................................................................
..................................................................................................
..................................................................................................
..................................................................................................

Annex 4: Contract for implementation of the study

CONTRACTUAL SERVICES AGREEMENT

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations ("FAO") and ____________ (in the following referred to as the Contractor) have entered into a Contractual Services Agreement in respect of project TCP/MYA/8821, Agricultural Market Information Service.

TERMS OF AGREEMENT

1. BACKGROUND

1.1 Relevant Project Objectives and Activities

The objective of project TCP/MYA/8821 is to develop the first stage of a nationwide market information service (MIS). It is envisaged that this will involve the collection of prices on a daily basis at several principal markets, weekly price collection in additional secondary markets and the daily dissemination of selected information on the radio and in newspapers.

In order to plan an MIS which fully meets the needs of farmers, traders, consumers and government officials, it is first necessary to carry out a detailed survey of the way in which the marketing system for agricultural products operates and into the market information requirements of the various participants in the marketing system.

1.2 Selection of Candidates

___________________, (who will work in collaboration with and ________________) was selected for the task at hand, as he will be involved in the day to day operation of the MIS and because he has a good understanding of crop production and agricultural marketing channels and is also familiar with the functioning of the Myanma Agricultural Service, as well as other relevant Government Agencies.

2. TERMS OF REFERENCE

2.1 Activities to be carried out

General

Describe the agricultural production and marketing structure of 8 States and Divisions: Yangon, Ayeyarwady, Mon State, Bago, Mandalay, Saigain, Magwe and Southern Shan State as well as the two largest Cities: Yangon and Mandalay. During this study any crop that is marketed in important quantities needs to be covered, although eventually only a limited number of crops will be selected for the MIS.

Identify the areas that produce an important marketed surplus of paddy, vegetables, fruit, pulses, oilseeds and "culinary" crops, as well as cash crops such as cotton, sugarcane and jute. Use existing maps to indicate the surplus areas (according to the three seasons distinguished in Myanmar), major roads and feeder roads (indicating their condition) and the most important markets.

Information on surplus producing areas should be obtained from existing publications and information provided by the Agricultural Service in each State/Province, as well as by direct observation during field visits. Information from traders concerning the origin of produce available in the markets of the State/Division will be used as a crosscheck.

Investigate in each Division/State if the Myanma language is suitable for a radio price bulletin and which is the preferred time for such a programme.

Detailed Questionnaires

Carry out interviews with farmers, wholesale and retail traders and millers and study the main markets. The number of interviews/visits in each State/Division should be adjusted according to the variety of food and cash crops found to have an important marketable surplus. Based on present knowledge the main crops to be covered in each Division/State are specified in Attachment 6.1 and the number of questionnaires to be filled is based on this provisional picture. During the study it may become clear that some changes in the coverage of crops need to be made.

a) Identify the two or three most important markets of each State/Division and fill a general market questionnaire (see Attachment 6.2)

b) In each of those markets count the number of wholesalers for each of the most important commodities and interview three for each major commodity (Attachment 6.3)

c) In each of those markets count the number of retailers for each of the most important commodities and interview two for each major commodity (Attachment 6.4)

d) Interview in each State/Division one or two Rice Millers (Attachment 6.5)

e) Interview in each State/Division one or two Processors of oilseeds and pulses (Attachment 6.6)

f) Interview in each State/Division for each of the main crops covered one Primary Collector or "Village Broker" and one of the Town Wholesalers, which are normally bigger traders at the secondary level and engaged in inter-State or inter-Division transfers (Attachment 6.7)

g) Interview in each State/Division five or two rice farmers, (Attachment 6.8)

h) Interview in each State/Division two farmers of each of the main crops covered, other than rice (Attachment 6.9)

2.2 Outputs

Collate and summarise the above interviews in a format to be agreed with the Lead Consultant of TCP/MYA/8821. Prepare maps as indicated in 2.1 above.

Prepare a report in English of not less than 5000 words summarising the findings of the research. This should be discussed with the Lead Consultant of TCP/MYA/8821 and finalised on receipt of his comments. Prepare a summary in Burmese of not less than 1500 words.

2.3 Duration and Timing

The work will be carried out in the period June to September 1999, according to a schedule of activities to be agreed with the Lead Consultant of TCP/MYA/8821.

2.4 Monitoring and Progress Reporting

The Office of the FAO Representative in Myanmar will monitor progress in implementing the Agreement.

The Contractors mentioned in para 1.2 will prepare together each month a progress reports (i.e. at the end of June, July and August 1999) detailing all activities of the team underway and completed, specifically progress made with filling out questionnaires. A printout of each report and a diskette containing the text in Word will be forwarded to the FAO Representative in Myanmar.

The report mentioned in paragraph 2.2 above shall be considered the Final Report covering the agreed activities, and this shall be submitted in three copies in English with a Myanmar summary to the FAO Representative in Myanmar for forwarding to FAO HQ and the Regional Office for Asia. Additionally, the completed questionnaires and maps shall be submitted to the Lead Consultant of the project.

3. INPUTS TO BE PROVIDED BY THE CONTRACTORS

3.1 The Contractors will ensure that the Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation shall make available staff at all locations in which questionnaires are to be filled, as per the schedule in 2.1 above and that they have adequate travel and other facilities to fully carry out the work. Ideally the staff should be those who are presently responsible for market price collection or who have been earmarked to be responsible under the new Market Information Service.

3.2 The Contractors will ensure that all selected staff in the States/Divisions covered are fully trained in filling the questionnaires. They will themselves conduct in each Division/Sate the interviews with at least one of the wholesalers of each category, retailers, millers and farmers specialising in the main crops. The Contractors will supervise preparation of maps of each State/Division studied.

3.3 The Contractors will make available the necessary staff to edit and translate the report mentioned in section 2.2 above.

4. INPUTS TO BE PROVIDED BY FAO (outside this Agreement)

4.1 The Lead Consultant of TCP/MYA/8821 will advise on the organization of the survey and on the structure of the final report. He will train the Contractors in filling the questionnaires. He will advise on the format of the final report and will comment on the first draft, as will staff of FAO Headquarters and the Regional Office for Asia.

4.2 The FAO office in Myanmar will make available the 4-wheel drive vehicle purchased on the budget of the TCP project, for travel outside Yangon that needs to be undertaken by the Contractors for the purposes of this study or, alternatively, provide the necessary funds to the Contractors to hire a vehicle.

4.3 The FAO office in Myanmar will assist with technical advice to the Contractors and will, if necessary take up these issues with the Marketing Division of FAO, Rome, the Regional Agricultural Marketing Expert in FAO RAPA office, Bangkok or the FAO Lead Consultant for this project.

5. FINANCIAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS

5.1 Amount of Agreement

FAO will make a maximum financial contribution of US $......... as contractual fees ... including travel?... through the FAO Representative in Myanmar.

5.2 Schedule of Payments

1. US$ 1000 (one thousand US dollars) upon signing of the Contractual Services Agreement.

2. US$ 2000 (two thousand US dollars) when the final report has been cleared by FAO. The Contractor is expected to submit the report by 15 October 1999.

6. ATTACHMENTS

6.1 Schedule of coverage of the Study

6.2 Market questionnaire

6.3 Market Wholesaler questionnaire

6.4 Market Retailer questionnaire

6.5 Rice Miller questionnaire

6.6 Oil and Pulses Miller questionnaire

6.7 Primary Collector and Town Wholesaler questionnaire

6.8 Farmer questionnaire (rice)

6.9 Farmer questionnaire (other crops)

Annex 5: Schedule of commodities, markets, traders and farmers to be covered by the study

Division/ State	Commodities/ Crops	Market	Market Wholesaler	Market Retailer	Miller (rice)	Miller (oils./ puls)	Primary Collector	Town Wholesaler	Farmer (rice)	Farmer (other)	TOTAL
Yangon	rice, green gram, veg	- Taikkyi?			2	1	2	2	5	4	16
Ayeyawady	rice, black gram, sunflower, banana, veg, chilli, jute	Henzada Pathein	5 5	6 6	2	1	5	5	5	12	54
Mon State	rice, fruits, rubber, sugarcane	Thahtone Mawlamyaing Kyaikto? Myawaddy? (thai)	2 2	3 3	2	1	2	2	5	6	30
Bago	rice, veg, bl. gram, gr. gram, gr. nut, banana, chilli, sugarcane, cotton	Bago town Pyay Toungoo?	7 7	8 8	2	1	7	7	5	16	70
Mandalay	rice, onion, chick p, pidg. p., sesame, sunflower, sugarcane, cotton, mango	Meiktilar Pyinoolwin	7 7	8 8	1	2	7	7	2	16	67
Sagaing	rice, wheat, chick pea, pigeon pea, g. nut, sesame, cotton, maize, mango	Monywar Sagaing Tamu (India)?	7 7	8 8	1	2	7	7	2	16	67
Magwe	rice, chick pea, g. nut, pigeon pea, sesame, maize, onion, cotton, potato	Magwe	7	8	1	2	7	7	2	16	51
Shan State	rice, soybean, niger, garlic, tomato, potato, veg, wheat, maize, sugarcane (also apple, orange)	Taunggyi Aungban Lashio? Tachilek? (china) Mu-sei? (that)	10 10	11 11	1	1	10	10	2	20	88
Yangon City	rice, potato, onion, chillie, pulses, oilseeds veg, fruit. ginger rice, veg, fruit, flower veg, fruit, flower	Bayinnaung Thirimingalar Nyaungbingalay DT Aungmingalar	6 3 3 3	0 3 4 3	1	1	-		-	-	31
Mandalay City	onion, galic, potato, veg, fruit rice. pulses. ginger	Kaing tan Kaing tan	5 3	5 3	1	1	-		-	-	19
TOTAL (8Div/St + 2Cities)	(27 commodities)	18	106 (Iques/crop)	114 (Iques/crop)	14 (2 or 1)	13 (2 or 1)	47 (1 per crop)	47 (1 per crop)	28 (5 or 2)	106 (2 per crop)	493