Rome, Italy, 28-31 May 1996
compiled by
Manuel Martinez-Espinosa
Fishery Resources Officer (Aquaculture)
Inland Water Resources and Aquaculture Service
Fishery Resources Division
FAO Fisheries Report No. 548
FIRI/R548
ISSN 0429-9337
FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS
Rome, 1997
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M-44
ISBN 92-5-103929-1
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© FAO 1997
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BACKGROUND TO THE CONSULTATION
SUMMARY OF PRINCIPAL CONCLUSIONS AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS
Abstract of Overview Background Paper
Abstracts and Discussions of Background Papers
Theme 1: Objectives and Indicators for Aquaculture Development
Theme 2: The Place of Aquaculture in Rural Development
Theme 3: The Institutional Context
Theme 4: Research-Development Linkages
Appendix 1: Options for Small-Scale Aquaculture Development (Overview Paper)
1. BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION
1.1 Small-Scale Rural Aquaculture: Definitions and Limitations
1.2 Small-Scale Rural Aquaculture: Magnitude and Trends
1.3 Current Assistance to Aquaculture Development2. RECENT REFLECTIONS ON SMALL-SCALE RURAL AQUACULTURE
2.1 The Thematic Evaluation of Aquaculture
2.2 Post-Thematic Evaluation Perspectives
2.3 Rethinking Objectives
2.4 The Institutional Context
2.5 Aquaculture as Farming
2.6 Research and Development Linkages3. ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES FOR SMALL-SCALE RURAL AQUACULTURE
3.1 Technical Breakthroughs: GIS
3.2 The Idea of Participation
3.3 Concluding CommentsAppendix 2: Objectives and Indicators for Aquaculture Development
2.1 Short-Term Goals
2.2 Medium-Term Goals
2.3 Long-Term Goals3.1 Macropolitics
3.2 Applied Research
3.3 Training
3.4 Commercialization
3.5 Producer's Organizations
3.6 Technical Assistance
3.7 Equipment and Inputs
3.8 Legal Dispositions
3.9 Micropolitics
3.10 Biofertilizers in Fish Culture4. METHODOLOGIES FOR RURAL DIAGNOSIS.
5. SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
5.1 Seed Production
5.2 Fish Feed
5.3 Fish Species
5.4 Fishing Gear
5.5 Production Expectations
5.6 Technical Assistance Reduction6. MONITORING AND EVALUATION INDICATORS
6.1 Species Diversity
6.2 Bioresources Recycling
6.3 Productive Capacity of the Natural Resources Base
6.4 Economic Efficiency (Cost/Benefit Ratio) 6
6.5 Other Indicators7. MARKETING AND FEASIBILITY STUDIES
8. AQUACULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT
8.1 Effects of Aquaculture Practices on the Environment
8.2 Effects of Non-Aquacultural Activities on Rural AquacultureAppendix 3: The Place of Aquaculture in Rural Development
1. INTRODUCTION
2. AGRICULTURAL AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT: THE MACRO-LEVEL CONTEXT
3. THE MICRO-LEVEL CONTEXT
3.1 Small-Scale Farming Households
3.2 Small-scale Aquaculture4. SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SMALL-SCALE AQUACULTURE AND AGRICULTURE
4.1 Land and Water
4.2 Labour
4.3 Feeds and Fertilizers
4.4 Capital5. INTEGRATING AGRICULTURE AND AQUACULTURE
6. MACRO-LEVEL AND MICRO-LEVEL IMPLICATIONS FOR INTEGRATED AQUACULTURE
6.1 Structural Adjustment Programmes
6.2 Privatization of Input Supplies
6.3 Marketing
6.4 Credit
6.5 Income Generation
6.6 Food Security
6.7 Poverty Alleviation
6.8 Environmental Sustainability
6.9 Specific Aquaculture Problems7. AGRICULTURE AND AQUACULTURE EXTENSION APPROACHES
7.1 Transfer of Technology Approach
7.2 Target Group Approach
7.3 Participatory Extension Approach8. EXISTING EXTENSION SERVICES
8.1 Agricultural Extension Services
8.2 Aquaculture Extension Services
8.3 Structural Considerations of Extension Services9. OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS FOR AN INTEGRATED EXTENSION SERVICE
9.1 Opportunities
9.2 System Overload
9.3 Institutional Barriers
9.4 Current Extension Approach10. ELEMENTS OF A NOVEL EXTENSION SYSTEM
Appendix 4: The Institutional Context
1. INTRODUCTION
2. RECENT TRENDS
3. GOVERNMENTS AND SMALL-SCALE AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT
3.1 Macro-Economic Framework
3.2 Legislation
3.3 Policies and Plans for Aquaculture Development
3.4 Credit
3.5 Management and Administration
3.6 Research and Development
3.7 Extension
3.8 Supply of Inputs4. THE PRIVATE SECTOR AND SMALL-SCALE AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT
4.1 Producers and Producers' Organizations
4.2 Production of Inputs
4.3 Marketing Systems
4.4 Private Sector Extension
4.5 Non-Governmental Organizations5. DEVELOPMENT AID AND INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
5.1 Trends in Development Aid to Aquaculture
5.2 Donor Agencies and Institutional Support
5.3 FAO and the Development of Aquaculture Institutions6. ELEMENTS OF INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE
6.1 Summary of Changes with Effect on Aquaculture Institutions
6.2 Key Central Government Activities for Small-Scale Aquaculture
6.3 International Organizations
6.4 Donor AgenciesAppendix 5: Research-Development Linkages
1. AQUACULTURE AND THE SMALL-SCALE FARMER
1.1 The Context of Rural Aquaculture
1.2 What Constrains the Adoption of Aquaculture by Small-Scale Farmers?2. THE RESEARCH-EXTENSION-FARMER CONTINUUM
3. A NEW EXTENSION-RESEARCH RELATIONSHIP
4. INFORMATION AND APPROPRIATE RESEARCH
4.1 Relevancy and Quality of Information
4.2 Systems-Level Analysis
4.3 Farmer-Participatory Research