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Book (stand-alone)Developing an Asia-Pacific strategy for forest invasive species: The coconut beetle problem – bridging agriculture and forestry
Report of the Asia-Pacific Forest Invasive Species Network Workshop
2007Also available in:
No results found.Graceful coconut palms are a fixture of the tropical landscape and represent an important cash crop in the Asia-Pacific region. But a mysterious pest began ravaging the palms, scorching and browning the leaves, and ultimately killing them. It turned out that the mysterious pest is the palm leaf beetle which previously occurred only in the Pacific islands. If the menace is not halted, it is likely to cause major economic problems especially for rural folks dependent on the crop. Obviously natural barriers cannot be effective anymore in a shrinking globe where plant material is moved freely around the region. When FAO became aware of the problem it took immediate measures to control the spread of the leaf beetle. While chemical control measures can generally be applied, in this case the height of the palm and the cost of chemicals have both proven to be prohibitive. FAO took several steps to bring about effective control using biological control methods. But this remains only one measure among a series of activities needed if proper control is to be brought about. FAO has been exploring the range of activities which have to be put in place for effectively controlling the coconut leaf beetle from spreading further. This proceedings represents the results of a workshop – convened from 22 to 25 February 2005 in Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam – of agricultural and forestry experts from across the region. They call for a need to develop a regional programme to investigate the coconut le af beetle problem so that the status of infestation and effectiveness of the eradication programme can be systematically monitored. The experts also point out the critical need to work between sectors. The proceedings goes beyond the coconut leaf beetle problem to look at the broader issues of invasive species in the region such as technology transfer, policies, institution building, and the importance of farmers’ education, all of which are integral parts of pest management. -
Journal, magazine, bulletinFAO Food Chain Crisis Early Warning Bulletin
Forecasting threats to the food chain affecting food security in countries and regions. No. 30, January-March 2019
2019Also available in:
No results found.During the period January to March 2019, Food Chain Crisis (FCC) threats are expected to occur in Africa, the Americas, Asia and Europe, where they may persist within a country, spread to neighbouring countries, remain latent, or re-emerge or amplify. The dynamics and likelihood of occurrence of FCC threats depend on a number of risk factors or drivers. These include agro-ecological factors (intensive farming systems, deforestation, overgrazing, etc.), climate change (such as droughts, extreme weather events, flooding, heavy rains, heatwaves, the El Niño-Southern Oscillation - ENSO or changes in vegetation cover or water temperature), human behaviour (cultural practices, conflicts and civil insecurity, trade, etc.) and natural disasters. In relation to food security, and according to the latest Crop Prospects and Food Situation report (January- March 2019), FAO estimates that, globally, 40 countries (31 in Africa, 8 in Asia, and 1 in the Americas) are in need of external assistance for food. Persisting conflicts continue to be the dominant factor driving high levels of severe food insecurity. Weather shocks have also adversely affected food availability and access. FCC threats might compound food insecurity in fragile countries stricken by weather shocks and conflicts. Twenty-nine plant and forest pests and diseases, locusts and animal and aquatic diseases were monitored and forecasted by FAO experts for the period January-March 2019. A total of 275 forecasts were conducted in 120 countries. According to the forecasts, the following pests and diseases represent a high to moderate risk to the food chain in some countries for the period January-March 2019: Rift Valley fever (RVF) in Africa, African swine fever (ASF) in Asia and Europe, Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), Avian influenza (AI) in Africa and Asia, and Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in Africa, Asia and Europe for Animal diseases and zoonoses; Fall armyworm (FAW), Banana fusarium wilt disease (BFWD) and Cassava mosaic disease (CMD) in Africa and Asia, and Cassava brown streak disease (CBSD), Wheat rust and Banana bunchy top disease (BBTD) in Africa for Plant pests and diseases; Desert Locust in Africa and Asia for Locusts; and Blue gum chalcid, Red gum lerp psyllid, Bronze bug and Polyphagous shot hole borer (PSHB) in Africa, Dry cone syndrome in Asia, Bark beetles in Europe and the Americas, and Pine processionary moth in Europe for Forest pests and diseases; Tilapia Lake Virus in the in the Americas and Asia, and Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) in Asia for Aquatic diseases. -
DocumentExploration of new natural enemies of the asian longhorned beetle (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in China using sentinel host eggs and larvae
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Asian longhorned beetle (ALB), Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) is a polyphagous wood boring pest that attacks many economically important orchard, roadside, ornamental and forest trees (>100 species). Due to the widespread planting of poplars and willows, it has become one of the most serious forest pests in China and the Korean Peninsula. This cerambycid has also invaded North America and Europe. In order to control ALB in China, many techniques have been employed such as forest management, traps, insecticides, and biological control. Prior to this study, two native polyphagous parasitoids, Sclerodermus guani and Dastarcus helophoroides are currently being used throughout China to control ALB, and few other parasitoids have been reported parasitizing ALB. In order to find specialist parasitoids of ALB, the Chinese Academy of Forestry and USDA-APHIS have carried out a biocontrol program in China since 2015 by applying the technique of deploying ALB-infested sentinel logs to attract parasitoids in three different sites of China (Beijing, Shanghai, and Jilin). From 2015 to 2020, our survey detected 12 species of hymenopteran parasitoids attacking sentinel Asian longhorned beetle larvae or eggs, namely, Bracon planitibiae Yang, Cao et Gould, Iphiaulax impostor (Scopoli), Spathius glabripennis sp.nov. (Unpublished), Zombrus bicolor (Enderlein) (Braconinae), Callocleonymus beijingensis Yang, Oxysychus scolyti Yang, Zolotarewskya robusta glabripennis ssp. nov. (unpublished), Zolotarewskya anoplophora sp.nov. (unpublished) (Pteromalidae), Eurytoma morio Boheman (Eurytomidae), Eupelmus urozonus Dalman (Eupelmidae), Sclerodermus guani Xiao et Wu (Bethylidae) and Xorides sp. (Ichneumonidae). Total parasitism by all these parasitoids was 7–16% in Beijing, 4–11% in Shanghai, and 0–0.2% in Jilin Province, among which, Spathius glabripennis sp.nov and Oxysychus scolyti with rates of parasitism are 1-4% and 2-10% respectively. Keywords: Biodiversity conservation, Sustainable forest management, Research, Innovation ID: 3480709
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