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Book (stand-alone)Foot and mouth disease vaccination and post-vaccination monitoring 2016Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) control and/or eradication efforts have been in existence for many years in different regions, supported by an official OIE system for recognition of national control programmes and of country status to manage the trade risks for FMD reintroduction. A global FMD control strategy was announced by FAO and OIE in 2012, incorporating a progressive control pathway for FMD (PCP-FMD) that elaborates principles for the application of control measures in a step-wise manner. T he OIE Performance of Veterinary Services tool helps countries to monitor the structures essential for programme implementation.Vaccination is an important component of programmes that seek to reduce the impacts of FMD and to block circulation of the causative virus in order to establish and maintain disease freedom. Choosing and successfully implementing the appropriate vaccine and vaccination regimens are affected by many dynamic factors, including (1) the diversity of the viruses to be contro lled; (2) the performance characteristics and instability of vaccines; (2) the range of susceptible animal species and husbandry systems; (3) the purposes of vaccination; (4) the short-lived nature of vaccine induced immunity; and (5) the design and application of vaccination programmes. Furthermore, vaccination is unlikely to succeed unless supported by other complementary control measures. Therefore, the entire process of vaccine selection and vaccination must be continuously monitored and eva luated to ensure that it fulfils its objectives and contributes to a sustainable control of FMD. This document is intended to help guide this process. Since the variable and changing circumstances of FMD control require different approaches, the guidance is not prescriptive. Instead, it reviews the options available for vaccine selection and vaccination strategies and presents methodology to check that a potential vaccine is able to provide a protective immune response and that the implemented v accination programme has translated this into a protective level of population immunity.
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Book (series)Guidelines for livestock vaccination campaigns
From collection to injection
2022Also available in:
Vaccination is one of the main pillars in disease prevention. However, its effectiveness largely depends on appropriate delivery, such as adequate cold chain and hygienic injection. The success of large vaccination campaigns is in such details that will ensure appropriate immunity and prevent livestock diseases. The guidelines presented here offer in a concise and succinct way the most important aspects for consideration when planning and executing livestock vaccination campaigns. The information provided in these guidelines will be easy to take into the field and implement, and by this contribute to the fight against the spread of livestock diseases including zoonotic ones. -
Book (series)The last hurdles towards Rift Valley Fever control
Report on the ad hoc workshop on the current state of Rift Valley fever vaccine and diagnostics development – Rome, 5–7 March 2014
2015Also available in:
No results found.In the past decade, tremendous progress has been made in the development of Rift Valley fever (RVF) vaccines, and several next-generation vaccines are currently being evaluated in registration trials. However, due to the sporadic, yet explosive nature of RVF outbreaks, the challenge remains to have these vaccines available at the right time and place. Innovative, appropriate diagnostics will aid in the selection of vaccines and will help to determine when to vaccinate animals. To address these i ssues, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) organized a technical workshop in March 2014. The workshop was supported by the National Center for Foreign Animal and Zoonotic Disease Defense (FAZD) and the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in collaboration with representatives of the Central Veterinary Institute, Wageningen University and Research Centre (CVI-WUR), the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Global experts in RVF vaccine development, leading veterinary vaccine manufacturers and the chief veterinary officers from Egypt, Kenya, Mauritania, Senegal and Sudan attended the meeting. Issues related to the application of classical vaccines in endemic areas were discussed, as well as novel vaccines that are already used in the field or are currently being evaluated in registration trials. These vaccines are expected to fulfil the features related to safety and efficacy recommended in the previous FAO meeting, held in Rome in January 2011. Due to these developments, we have entered a new era in which effective vaccines for the widespread vaccination of livestock will be available. Logistical and political issues are the last major hurdles to RVF control.
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