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Book (series)Potential risk of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) spreading through wild water bird migration
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No results found.There is a potential that Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) subtype H5N1 might be carried along migration routes of wild water birds to densely populated areas in the south Asian subcontinent and along migratory flyways to Europe. Recent outbreaks of HPAI in Russia and Kazakhstan (August, 2005) attest to this fact. Looking at the major bird migration routes (Fig. 1), the HPAI H5N1 virus could possibly spread from Siberia to the Caspian and Black Sea areas in the foreseeable future. Some w ild water birds are nesting in the newly AI affected areas in Novosibirsk and Altai in Russia and will migrate to the above-mentioned areas for winter or stop-over on their way to Africa and Europe. Bird migration routes run across Azerbaijan, Iran, Iraq, Georgia, Ukraine and some Mediterranean countries, where bird flu outbreaks are a possibility. Also India and Bangladesh, which currently seem to be uninfected, are at risk because both areas harbour large numbers of domestic duck and the count ries are situated along one of the major migratory routes. They have the potential to become new large endemic foci of HPAI infection. Additionally, spring migration of 2006 may result in the spread of HPAI H5N1 virus across European Russia, because birds migrating from Europe and European Russia and Siberia have common wintering areas in Southwest Asia. -
Book (series)H5N1 HPAI spread in Nigeria and increased risk for neighbouring countries in West Africa 2015
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No results found.On 16 January 2015, Nigeria confirmed the presence of H5N1 HPAI to the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE). This was the first occurrence of H5N1 HPAI in the country since the last epidemic between 2006 and 2008. The virus involved is similar to recent isolates taken from birds in Bulgaria, India and Viet Nam as well as an environmental sample from China. The disease has so far spread to nearly 400 enterprises including live bird markets (LBMs) and farms in 9.1% (71 out of 775) local gove rnment areas (LGAs) in 48.6% (18 out of 37) states across Nigeria. While the Nigerian Government has responded by implementing quarantine, culling and compensation, outbreaks continue to be reported. Agroecological drivers of HPAI H5N1 similar to those present in endemic regions of South East Asia are present in Nigeria and West Africa, thus implying an increased risk of disease spread in the region. Traditional trading patterns, both formal and informal, between Nigeria and neighbouring countri es provide an opportunity for cross-border or inter-regional disease spread. The recent incursion into Burkina Faso only emphasizes this potential risk. Currently, countries at immediate risk of spread are Benin, Cameroon, Chad, Ghana, the Niger and Togo. Other countries that had reported outbreaks in the past are also at risk. These include the Republic of Côte d’Ivoire, Djibouti and the Sudan. These countries need to prepare to detect and respond in a timely manner to possible incursions of th e disease… -
Book (series)Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H5N1 HPAI) spread in The Middle East: risk assessment 2016
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To provide an estimate of the likelihood of introduction of H5N1 HPAI from recently infected countries (Lebanon and Iraq) to other countries in the Middle East region and neighbouring territories as a result of the movement of live poultry (both legal and illegal), poultry related products and wild bird migration.
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