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20e anniversaire des Directives sur le droit à l'alimentation - Appel à contributions sur la concrétisation du droit de l'homme à une alimentation adéquate

L'année 2024 est celle du 20e anniversaire de l'adoption des Directives volontaires à l'appui de la concrétisation progressive du droit à une alimentation adéquate dans le contexte de la sécurité alimentaire nationale.

Le droit à l'alimentation est un droit juridiquement contraignant, garanti par le Pacte international relatif aux droits économiques, sociaux et culturels. Ce droit est réalisé lorsque toute personne a physiquement et économiquement accès à tout moment à une nourriture suffisante ou aux moyens de se la procurer, conformément à l'Observation générale n° 12 du Comité des droits économiques, sociaux et culturels (CDESC).

Les Directives sur le droit à l'alimentation apportent des conseils pratiques aux États sur la manière de concrétiser le droit à une alimentation adéquate moyennant l'élaboration de stratégies, de programmes, de politiques et de législations. Celles-ci ont été approuvées par le Comité de la sécurité alimentaire mondiale (CSA) et adoptées par le Conseil de la FAO en novembre 2004, après deux années de négociations inter-gouvernementales et de participation multipartite.

Les gouvernements ont l'obligation juridique de garantir le droit à l'alimentation, dont chacun est en droit de jouir en tant que droit universel, sans aucune discrimination. En outre, tous les individus et collectifs, y compris les autorités gouvernementales, les législateurs, les communautés locales, les organisations non gouvernementales, les universitaires, les organisations de consommateurs, les groupes de jeunes, les peuples autochtones, les petits exploitants, les organisations de femmes, les organisations de la société civile ainsi que le secteur privé constituent des acteurs cruciaux dans la concrétisation du droit à une alimentation adéquate.

Les Directives ont anticipé l'urgence des défis mondiaux les plus pressants à relever actuellement pour parvenir à un développement durable, notamment les conflits, les inégalités, les maladies, le changement climatique et la perte de la biodiversité. Dans un monde complexe où les défis ne cessent de se multiplier et d'évoluer, les lignes directrices restent plus que jamais d'actualité. Elles nous rappellent l'importance de la coopération et de la collaboration internationales au service du bien public collectif que constitue l'éradication de la faim, de la malnutrition sous toutes ses formes, de la pauvreté et de l'inégalité. Leur pleine mise en œuvre contribue aux efforts que nous déployons en faveur du Programme de développement durable à l'horizon 2030 et de ses Objectifs de développement durable (ODD), eux-mêmes fondés sur les droits de l'homme.

Les cinq dernières années ont été particulièrement difficiles en raison de la pandémie de COVID-19, de la gravité croissante de la faim et de la malnutrition sous toutes ses formes, du creusement des inégalités et de la crise du coût de la vie. Les gouvernements et d'autres acteurs ont mis en œuvre des réponses innovantes dans le monde entier. 20 ans plus tard, il est temps de faire le point sur les progrès accomplis et se pencher sur les principaux enseignements à tirer.

Exprimez-vous là où cela importe!

Dans la perspective du 20e anniversaire des Directives sur le droit à l'alimentation, les résultats de cet appel contribueront à documenter les efforts déployés pour concrétiser le droit à une alimentation adéquate au niveau local, national, régional ou mondial, tout en offrant aux pays et à leur population la possibilité de dresser un état des lieux en la matière.

L'équipe de la FAO chargée du droit à l'alimentation et le Comité de la sécurité alimentaire mondiale (CSA) invitent les parties prenantes à:

1.
Partagez vos expériences et vos bonnes pratiques en termes de concrétisation du droit à l'alimentation pour tous, à tout moment.
2.
Recenser les lacunes, les contraintes et les difficultés rencontrées dans la concrétisation du droit à l'alimentation ou dans la mise en œuvre des Directives sur le droit à l'alimentation.
3.
Mettre en commun les enseignements tirés et suggérer des recommandations en vue d'améliorer la concrétisation du droit à une alimentation adéquate.
4.
Prochaines étapes : y a-t-il des projets concrets pour continuer à utiliser et à appliquer les Directives sur le droit à l'alimentation?

 

Comment participer à cet appel à contributions

Veuillez nous faire part de votre (vos) expérience(s) en utilisant le formulaire suivant: Lien vers le formulaire

Les contributions peuvent être présentées dans l'une des six langues de l'ONU (anglais, arabe, chinois, espagnol, français et russe). Veuillez limiter la longueur des contributions à 1 000 mots. Une fois rempli, vous pouvez télécharger le formulaire ici ou l'envoyer à [email protected].

 L'appel à contributions est ouvert jusqu'au 8 janvier 2024.

Nous vous tenons à vous remercier pour vos précieuses contributions et nous nous réjouissons de pouvoir tirer parti de vos expériences.

Co-facilitateurs :

  • Marie-Lara Hubert-Chartier, spécialiste du droit à l’alimentation
  • Claire Mason, Conseillère en droit à l’alimentation
  • Sarah Brand, fonctionnaire professionnelle associée
  • Chiara Cirulli, le Secrétariat du CSA

 

Références

 

Thèmes

Cette activité est maintenant terminée. Veuillez contacter [email protected] pour toute information complémentaire.

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Dear FSN Network,

Please find our contribution as Vétérinaires Sans Frontières Suisse. We are also part of a contribution by the RAISE project (already submitted). Submitting our ideas as VSF-Suisse is important to us as a member of the VSF International Network, and several messages especially on Nexus are strengthened in the present contribution.

Thank you in advance for sharing/ posting our contribution.

Best regards,

Christian Wirz

Programme Manager

See the attachments:

Dear Madam, dear Sir,

As RAISE project (Rights-based Agroecological Initiatives for Sustainability and Equity in peasant communities) we share our contribution on your call for inputs on the realization of the Human Right to Adequate Food. The RAISE project is a network of networks, represented by peasant movements, civil society organizations, and academia, promoting the empowerment of peasants through the implementation of UNDROP and using the Right to Food Guidelines in our advocacy work.

Thanks for accepting our contribution.

Kind regards,

Christa Suter

Coordinator RAISE Project

RAISE – Rights-based Agroecological Initiatives for

Sustainability and Equity in Peasant Communities

See the attachments:

Ministerio de Educación de Ecuador

Ecuador

Estimados FAO,

Reciban un cordial saludo del Ministerio de Educación de Ecuador.

Por favor encuentre adjunto el Formulario sobre las “Directrices Voluntarias sobre el Derecho a la Alimentación Adecuada”, que ha sido realizada por esta Cartera de Estado. De igual manera, acompaño al referido cuestionario, documentos de apoyo a la información completada.

Saludos cordiales,

Katherine Paola Troya Esquivel

Analista de Cooperación y Asuntos Internacionales

Dirección Nacional de Cooperación y Asuntos Internacionales

See the attachments:

Hello there .

Kindly find submission by CSANET and Welthungerhilfe Malawi to  the Call for inputs on the realization of the Human Right to Adequate Food.     

 Looking forward to hearing back from you                                                                  Regards 

Tunsume Mwaibasa

See the attachments:

Dr. Koichi Ikegami

The Association of Western Japan Agroecology/Family Farm Platform Japan
Japon

The Association of Western Japan Agroecology is a non-profit organization that has been active since 2021 intending to establish agroecology in Japan.

  1. The conflicts, civil wars, coups d'etat, and military conflicts that have become more frequent in recent years pose the greatest threat to the right to food. However, the international community has not taken effective steps to address the food crisis created by these events. In the case of Gaza, this is manifested in the worst way. It has become crucial for the realization of the right to food to work toward an enforceable international agreement and framework that can be quickly activated in response to these food crises, without waiting for a Security Council agreement.
  2. Since the right to food is the most fundamental right to live, it should be enshrined in each country's constitution or equivalent legislation, and a mechanism should be introduced whereby a third-party international organization periodically checks the progress of the right and demands improvements from the government concerned.
  3. It is strongly recommended that agroecology be set as the foundation for the realization of the right to food and that societies should shift to production and consumption that are compatible with this right.
  4. The essential of a sustainable society lies in the principles of living systems. From this perspective, it is important to place the right to food as a permanent social guiding principle, not merely a matter of food security
  5. Improved statistics are essential for the inspection and evaluation of the status of the realization of the right to food. Accurate and comparable diachronic statistics need to be developed and strengthened.

 

1.  Experiences & Good Practices

The Vegan Society’s International Rights Network (https://www.vegansociety.com/get-involved/international-rights-network) is the leading authority on veganism & law. Based on our work with lawyers, academics, & our supporting vegans, we know that the dietary needs & rights of vegans are not well understood by businesses, governments & the general public.

As a Registered Charity, The Vegan Society promotes a Catering for Everyone (https://www.vegansociety.com/get-involved/campaigns/catering-everyone) campaign.  In some places, up to one quarter of people avoid certain things taken from animals for medical, health, religious, philosophical or other reasons, including vegans. Therefore, to help States deliver the right to food, we call for good plant-based, vegan-suitable options on every public sector menu.



The Vegan Society has also produced guidelines setting out some relevant legal obligations:

Vegans have a right to food that accords with their beliefs

Veganism is a philosophical belief that falls within the scope of human rights law (see for example W v UK https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22fulltext%22:[%2218187/91%22],%22itemid%22:[%22001-1503%22]} ), & the right to manifest a belief includes the observance of dietary rules, including avoiding animal-derived products (Jakobski v Poland https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/fre#{%22itemid%22:[%22002-688%22]} ).

In addition to the general right to freedom of belief, it is clear from the wording & spirit of legislation & guidance that the RTF also applies to vegans. For example, General Comment 12 (GC12: https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/4538838c11.pdf) on the RTF states that the core content of the RTF includes the availability of food which is “acceptable within a given culture”. Cultural acceptability, defined in paragraph 9, takes into account “perceived non-nutrient-based values attached to food & food consumption”.

Is the RTF being met in relation to vegans?

The dietary needs of vegans frequently not met. This is particularly concerning in relation to public institutions, and people in vulnerable situations (such as children, older adults, people in prison, in care settings, refugees, and food bank users).

Examples include:

3.  Lessons & recommendations

There are two issues: (i) whether the RTFGs accurately represent the legal protections, & (ii) whether the RTFGs are being followed. We believe the RTFGs need to better reflect the established legal protections for vegans. Individual States should address the widespread non-adherence to the RTF & RTFGs regarding vegans. So, we focus on (i).

General improvements needed are:

  • Advisory language (such as “may”, “are encouraged” & “are reminded”) to be strengthened, e.g. to “must”, where appropriate. E.g. in Guideline 16.5: “States must recognise their legal obligations to ensure that refugees & internally displaced persons have access at all times to adequate food”.
  • We recommend a clearer definition of “adequate food”, including an explicit definition of food that is “acceptable within a given culture”. In accordance with GC12, this includes non-nutrient-based values attached to food.
  • Given the breadth & depth of failings relating to vegans, we would like to see explicit reference to veganism in the RTFGs. Clarify that the RTF is not the right to ‘any’ food, but appropriate food, e.g. without discrimination on the grounds of philosophical or religious belief.

We recommend changes to specific guidelines:

•    Guideline 1.2 provides that States should promote various freedoms to enhance the progressive realisation of the right to adequate food. The freedom of religion & belief, an important freedom in relation to dietary choices, is not referenced.  The freedom of religion & belief as it applies to food acceptable within the culture of that belief, should be explicitly included in this Guideline.

•    Guidelines 2 & 13 consider poverty & vulnerable groups. These should include explicit reference to respect for dietary needs in relation to freedom of belief.

•    Guideline 5 considers public institutions. Clarify that the obligations of public institutions include providing food not only in sufficient quantity, & nutritional value, but also which is suitable for the individual in accordance with their beliefs.

•    Guideline 7 invites States to consider whether to include the RTF in domestic legislation. The UK has failed to do this, & it is also failing to ensure the spirit of the RTF in relation to vegans. We recommend stronger wording than the current “invitation”, for States to enact the RTF in domestic law.

•    Guideline 10 asks States to recognise food as a vital part of an individual’s “culture” & States are encouraged to take into account individuals’ practices, customs & traditions relating to food. We would like to see explicit reference to the observance of philosophical beliefs in this guideline.



With thanks, on behalf of Claire Ogley (Head of Campaigns, Policy & Research at The Vegan Society).

This article delves into the potential of honeybee products in

promoting food security, empowering communities, and driving

sustainable development. This highlights the importance of honeybees

as producers of honey and other valuable products, as well as their

critical role as pollinators in the realm of agriculture and food

production. Furthermore, the article explores the various methods by

which sustainable beekeeping practices can ensure the sustenance of

communities, enhance agricultural productivity, and preserve

biodiversity.



Furthermore, particularly in rural and underprivileged areas, the

article suggests that honeybee products could potentially serve as a

solution to address issues related to food insecurity and poverty.

This highlights the significance of implementing policy support,

education, and training initiatives to fully leverage the benefits

provided by honeybee products. The article aligns with the principles

delineated in the Right to Food Guidelines, which emphasize the

importance of ensuring food security through sustainable agricultural

practices and promoting economic accessibility to food.



The article promotes the idea of enhancing investment, research, and

policy support for the utilization of honeybees as a viable solution

to address issues related to hunger and poverty. This platform offers

stakeholders in the fields of agriculture, food security, and

sustainable development with highly valuable insights.



Cukurova University, Faculty of Agriculture, Animal Science Department

Turkey.

See the attachments: