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Book (stand-alone)Women’s land rights and agrarian change: Evidence from indigenous communities in Cambodia 2019
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No results found.Current changes in land tenure in Cambodia are reshaping indigenous communities agrarian and socio-economic systems. Customary laws that have determined land usage and rights, are now undergoing profound transformations. The commodification of land, influenced by processes of dispossession and alienation, is reshaping communities’ norms and customs. Land, before freely available to users, is now substantially a private asset and as such transferred from one generation to the next one like other assets. Customary laws derive their legitimacy from social systems that are context specific and change with time. This determines their ambiguous character as instruments for resistance and self-determination as well as generators of unequal social relations in rural communities. The experiences from other continents and countries have shown the contradictory and often conflicting linkage between customary land rights and women’s rights to own land. This study analysis the customary inheritance system of indigenous groups in Northern Cambodia, prevalently centred around matrilineal or bilateral kinship, where women used to inherit and own the principal family assets. The research questions focus on indigenous women’s inheritance and property rights as they apply to land, in the context of increasing land commoditization and scarcity. The aim of the enquiry is to contribute to the understanding of the gender implications of these changes, by gaining insight about women’s position vis-à-vis land property, inheritance and transfer to new generations. The changes in land tenure that have occurred in Ratanakiri province during the last decades have resulted in a substantial alienation of land and resources formerly available to indigenous people. Consequently, the area farmed under shifting cultivation has significantly decreased and been replaced by permanent commercial crops, while the increasing monetization of communities’ economy has triggered new processes of social differentiation. Little support has been given to indigenous farmers in order to manage this transition and adapt their farming system while maintaining its sustainability. The legal instruments deriving from the Land Law, which in theory should have contributed to provide formal legal protecting to indigenous land and allow communities to continue using land according to their traditional tenure system were impaired by delays and the obstacles in the practical implementation of the law. External actors, institutional as well as non-governmental, have been actively promoting agricultural practices centred on rapid gains, unsustainable exploitation of land and forest, carpet introduction of monocultures without creating the conditions for the establishment of favourable value chains and market conditions. The changes that have taken place have important implications in terms of women’s role and status within communities: not only because of the farming system transition, but also as a consequence of the increasing influence of the mainstream culture, in which gender norms are more hierarchical and constrictive then the ones in use among the indigenous peoples targeted by this study. Following the evidence presented here, strengthening indigenous women land rights may result from a multipurpose approach that embraces different areas of interventions and actors, detailed in the recommendations provided. -
BookletRural Women and Girls 25 years after Beijing: critical agents of positive change 2020
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No results found.Globally, and with only a few exceptions, rural and indigenous women fare worse than rural men and urban women and men on every indicator for which data are available. Although they share challenges in the form of rural location and genderbased discrimination, rural women and girls are not a homogeneous group. The opportunities and constraints they face differ across their lifetimes, contexts and circumstances; they are influenced by location and socio-economic status and social identities associated with other forms of marginalization, such as indigenous origin and ethnicity, age, disability, migrant or refugee status. The complex experiences of rural and indigenous women and girls mean that they commonly face varied and deeply entrenched obstacles to empowerment. It is thus imperative to not only take stock of the broad experiences of rural women and girls, but also to recognize and address the specific needs and distinct realities faced by those constituting these two groups. This document highlights some of the ways in which this can be achieved. This includes good practices from the members of the Inter-Agency Network on Women and Gender Equality in the thematic areas of education; food security and nutrition; health; access to and control over land and other productive resources; leadership, decision-making and public life; social protection and services; care and domestic work; GBV; and resilience in the context of climate change and fragility. -
DocumentWomen and Land in the Muslim World
Pathways to increase access to land for the realization of development, peace and human rights
2018Also available in:
No results found.Women’s access to land is crucial to ensure social and economic development and food security; it contributes to the realization of human rights, empowerment and participation of women; it helps to protect women from violence and health hazards, and it enables them to play a bigger role in the stabilization of societies in crisis and conflict. For women, access to land means security, stability, independence and freedom. Unfortunately, socially prescribed gender roles, unequal power dynamics at household and community level, discriminatory family practices, unequal access to justice, institutions and land administration processes, traditional norms and local tenure relationships frequently deny women adequate access to land for farming, housing, or other social and economic purposes. Such challenges are faced by women in the Muslim world as well as in other parts of the world. However, 20 per cent of the world’s population is Muslim and - despite the significant national differences encountered - certain common land-related patterns reflecting customary and religious practices emerge in the Muslim world as elements that shape the way women can access to, use of and control over land. This report looks at global normative work, regional frameworks, and good countrylevel practices, it provides an analysis of the most important aspects to be taken into consideration to successfully secure women’s access to land in the Muslim world and makes a set of evidence-based and context specific recommendations for action. The report builds on key concepts, tools and approaches developed in the past decade by the Global Land Tool Network, such as the continuum of land rights, the fit-for-purpose land administration, the appreciation of the diversity of women, and the engagement with aspects of Islamic land law for the protection of the land rights of women and of the most vulnerable. The ideas and recommendations suggested here are intended to be used by wide range of policymakers, land practitioners, development and humanitarian workers, civil society, religious leaders, women’s organizations, communities and donors.
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