Annex 3: Environmental indicators in livestock production systems
Detailed sets of indicators will be developed as a follow. up (and in parallel) with this study. Some examples, categorized by environmental factor (soil, water, etc.) and whether the indicator is a measurement taken from the natural resource base, the livestock present, or the human component. They are in general response indicators, because these can be most easily defined.
Grazing systems |
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Category |
Natural resource base |
Livestock |
Socio-economic |
Soil/land |
Erosion - Universal Soil Loss
Equation |
Arid: Herd mobility |
Arid: Human carrying capacity of
the land |
Vegetation |
Proportion of ground cover |
Forage demand |
|
Water |
Water turbidity |
Use requirements |
|
Air |
Greenhouse gas balance |
Greenhouse gas balance |
Category |
Natural resource base |
-Livestock |
Socio-economic |
Soil |
Erosion - Universal Soil Loss
Equation |
Access to animal traction, |
Rate of integration and degree of
reliance on outside inputs; |
Vegetation |
Proportion of ground cover |
Forage demand |
Farm income |
Water |
Water turbidity, |
Use requirements |
|
Air |
Manure application techniques |
Quality of animal diets |
Indicators for industrial livestock production systems
Input-related |
Production-related |
Output-related |
Land use changes and land
requirements for feed production |
Conversion efficiencies for N and
P by animal species |
Manure discharge Nutrient balances |
Percentage of grains in
concentrates and diet |
Farmgate N and P balance |
Fertilizing value of manure |
Rangeland requirements for young
stock |
Ammonia emissions |
Methane emissions |
Livestock breeds used |
Methane emissions |
Tons of liveweight slaughtered |
Inputs to feed production (fuel, fertilizer) |
Fossil energy consumption |
Tons raw milk |
Animal welfare index |
Tons of raw hides processed |
|
Chemical use |
Manure storage |
Processing industry |
|
Direct Indicators |
Indirect indicators |
amount of solid waste |
portion of industrial, and
traditional processing |
BOD output in wastewater (total,
and not as a percentage of effluent r, as this would
provide incentives to just increase water use) |
portion of byproduct utilization |
CO2, CO and Nitrous
Oxide Emissions |
Lists of abbreviations and acronyms
AEZ |
Agro-ecological zone |
AGROSTAT |
FAO Information System for
Agricultural Statistics |
ASIA |
Asia (excl. Near East) |
CGIAR |
Consultative Group on
International Agricultural Research |
CIS |
Commonwealth of Independent States |
CSA |
Central and South America |
DM |
Dry Matter |
E. EUROPE |
Eastern Europe |
EU |
European Union |
FAO |
Food and Agriculture Organization
of the United Nations |
GATT |
General Agreement on Tariffs and
Trade |
GDP |
Gross Domestic Product |
LDC |
Least Developed Countries |
LGA |
Livestock Grassland Arid Semi-Arid
Tropics and Sub-Tropics |
LGH |
Livestock Grassland
Humid/Sub-humid Tropics |
LOP |
Length of Growing Period |
LGT |
Livestock Grassland Temperate and
Tropical Highlands |
LLM |
Livestock Landless Monogastric |
LLR |
Livestock Landless Ruminant |
LPS |
Livestock Production System |
LU |
Livestock Unit |
MIA |
Mixed Farm Irrigated Arid
Semi-Arid Tropics and Sub-Tropics |
MIH |
Mixed Farm Irrigated
Humid/Sub-humid Tropics |
MRA |
Mixed Farm Rainfed Arid Semi-Arid
Tropics and Subtropics |
MRH |
Mixed Farm Rainfed Humid/Sub-humid
Tropics |
MRT |
Mixed Farm Rainfed Temperate and
Tropical Highlands |
MT |
Metric Tonnes |
OECD |
Organization for Economic
Cooperation and Development - member countries (excluding
Turkey) |
OTHER DEVELOPED |
Other Developed Countries (Israel
and Republic of South Africa) |
SSA |
Sub-Saharan Africa |
TAC |
Technical Advisory Committee |
USAID |
United States Agency for
International Development |
WANA |
West Asia and North Africa |